Editing Wabi-sabi (section)

==In Japanese arts==
At first, something that exhibited {{transliteration|ja|wabi-sabi}} qualities could only be discovered. It could be "found in the simple dwellings of the farmers that dotted the landscape, epitomized in neglected stone lanterns overgrown with moss or in simple bowls and other household utensils used by the common folk."<ref name=":2">{{cite book |last=Teiji |first=Itoh |title=Wabi Sabi Suki: The Essence of Japanese Beauty |publisher=Mazda Motor Corporation |year=1993}}</ref> However, toward the end of the late medieval period, the ruling class began using these aesthetic values to intentionally create "tea ceremony utensils, handicrafts, tea ceremony rooms and cottages, homes, gardens, even food and sweets, and above all manners and etiquette."<ref name=":2" />

Many forms of [[Japanese art]] have been influenced by Zen and Mahayana philosophy over the past thousand years. The contemplation and acceptance of imperfection, as well as the awareness of constant [[flux]] and [[impermanence]], have been particularly important to Japanese arts and [[Culture of Japan|culture]].{{sfn|Juniper|2003}} Accordingly, many Japanese art forms can be seen to encapsulate and exemplify the ideals of {{transliteration|ja|wabi-sabi}}.{{sfn|Juniper|2003}}

===Garden design===
[[File:Kare-sansui zen garden, Ryōan-ji, Kyoto 20190416 1.jpg|thumb|alt=Rock garden with raked gravel and arranged stones at a Zen temple|Ryōan-ji (late 16th century) in Kyoto, Japan, a well-known example of a Zen garden]]
[[Japanese garden]]s began as simple open spaces intended to attract kami, or spirits. During the Kamakura period, Zen ideals began to influence Japanese garden design.{{sfn|Juniper|2003}} Temple gardens were arranged with large rocks and other natural materials to form [[Japanese dry garden|Karesansui]], or Zen rock gardens. "Their designs imbued the gardens with a sense of the surreal and beckoned viewers to forget themselves and become immersed in the seas of gravel and the forests of moss. By loosening the rigid sense of perception, the actual scales of the garden became irrelevant and the viewers were able to then perceive the huge landscapes deep within themselves."{{sfn|Juniper|2003}}

====Tea gardens====
Due to the tea garden's close relationship with the tea ceremony, "the tea garden became one of the richest expressions of wabi sabi."{{sfn|Juniper|2003}} These small gardens typically incorporated elements of {{transliteration|ja|wabi-sabi}} design. They were meant to invite interpretation and place the visitor in a contemplative state, preparing them to take part in the tea ceremony.{{sfn|Juniper|2003}}

===Poetry===
Japanese poetry such as [[tanka]] and [[haiku]] is typically very short and focuses on the defining attributes of a scene. "By withholding verbose descriptions, the poem entices the reader to actively participate in the fulfillment of its meaning and, as with the Zen gardens, to become an active participant in the creative process."{{sfn|Juniper|2003}} One of the most famous Japanese poets, [[Matsuo Bashō|Bashō]], was credited with establishing {{transliteration|ja|sabi}} as a definitive emotive force in haiku. Many of his works, like other {{transliteration|ja|wabi-sabi}} expressions, avoid sentimentality or superfluous adjectives, instead presenting the "devastating imagery of solitude."{{sfn|Juniper|2003}}

===Ceramics===
[[File:Hon'ami_Koetsu_Fujisan_1.jpg|thumb|alt=Ceramic tea bowl with rough glaze and asymmetrical shape|''Mount Fuji'' tea bowl by Hon'ami Kōetsu, designated a national treasure]]
As the preference for simplicity and modesty grew, Zen masters came to view ornate Chinese ceramics as overly decorative and ostentatious.<ref name=":3">{{cite book |last=Suzuki |first=Nobuo |title=Wabi Sabi: The Wisdom in Imperfection |publisher=Tuttle Publishing |year=2021 |isbn=978-4805316313}}</ref> Japanese potters began to explore freer expressions of beauty, moving away from uniformity and symmetry. New kiln technologies introduced varied colors, forms, and textures, allowing the creation of pieces that were unique and nonuniform. A particular type of firing was favored for its natural, unpredictable effects and its contribution to organic [[ash glaze]]s—considered a clear embodiment of {{transliteration|ja|wabi-sabi}}.<ref name=":3" />

One example is the white raku bowl ''Mount Fuji'' (Shiroraku-Chawan, Fujisan), made by [[Hon'ami Kōetsu]] (本阿弥 光悦; 1558 – 27 February 1637), which has been designated a national treasure by the Japanese government.<ref name=":3" />

[[Kintsugi]], a technique that uses gold lacquer to repair broken pottery, is also regarded as an expression of {{transliteration|ja|wabi-sabi}}.{{sfn|Juniper|2003}}

===Flower arrangement===
[[Sen no Rikyū]] rejected the ornate [[rikka]] style popular at the time, disliking its rigid formalism and elaborate Chinese vases. Instead, he used simple vessels to display flowers, known as [[chabana]], in his tea ceremonies.{{sfn|Juniper|2003}} Rather than selecting impressive or cultivated blooms, he preferred wildflowers. "{{transliteration|ja|Ikebana}}, like the gardens, uses a living medium in the creative process, and it is this ingredient of life that brings a unique feel to flower arrangements."{{sfn|Juniper|2003}}

{{transliteration|ja|Ikebana}} then became an important part of the tea ceremony, and the flowers were treated with great respect.{{sfn|Juniper|2003}} "When a tea-master has arranged a flower to his satisfaction he will place it on the [[tokonoma]], the place of honour in a Japanese room. It rests there like an enthroned prince, and the guests or disciples on entering the room will salute it with a profound bow before making their addresses to the host."<ref>{{cite book |last=Okakura |first=Kakuzo |title=The Book of Tea |publisher=Applewood Books |year=2008 |isbn=978-0-9836106-0-1}}</ref>

===Other examples===
Other traditional expressions of {{transliteration|ja|wabi-sabi}} include:
* {{transliteration|ja|[[Honkyoku]]}} — the traditional {{transliteration|ja|[[shakuhachi]]}} (bamboo flute) music of wandering Zen monks.
* The essay ''[[In Praise of Shadows]]'' by [[Jun'ichirō Tanizaki]], which offers a modern Japanese perspective on {{transliteration|ja|wabi-sabi}}.
* The cultivation of [[bonsai]] (miniature trees). A typical bonsai design features rough-textured wood, deadwood sections, or hollow trunks, all intended to highlight the passage of time and natural imperfection. Bonsai are often displayed in autumn or winter after shedding their leaves, revealing the bare branches.
* The [[tea ceremony]].<ref name=":022"/>