Editing Rubus (section)

=== Phylogeny ===
The genus has a likely North American origin,<ref name="Carter-2019" /> with fossils known from the [[Eocene]]-aged [[Florissant Formation]] of Colorado, around 34 million years old.<ref>{{Citation |last1=Leopold |first1=Estella B. |title=Phytogeography of the late Eocene Florissant flora reconsidered |date=2008 |url=https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/587/chapter/3804067 |work=Paleontology of the Upper Eocene Florissant Formation, Colorado |publisher=Geological Society of America |language=en |doi=10.1130/2008.2435(04) |isbn=978-0-8137-2435-5 |access-date=2021-09-23 |last2=Manchester |first2=Steven R. |last3=Meyer |first3=Herbert W. |archive-date=2024-05-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240524114632/https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/books/book/587/chapter-abstract/3804067/Phytogeography-of-the-late-Eocene-Florissant-flora?redirectedFrom=fulltext |url-status=live }}</ref> ''Rubus'' expanded into Eurasia, South America, and Oceania during the [[Miocene]].<ref name="Carter-2019" /> [[Fossil]] seeds from the early [[Miocene]] of ''Rubus'' have been found in the [[Czech Republic|Czech]] part of the [[Zittau]] Basin.<ref>Acta Palaeobotanica – 43(1): 9-49, January 2003 – Early Miocene carpological material from the Czech part of the Zittau Basin – Vasilis Teodoridis</ref> Many fossil fruits of †''Rubus laticostatus'', †''Rubus microspermus'' and †''Rubus semirotundatus'' have been extracted from bore hole samples of the [[Middle Miocene]] fresh water deposits in [[Nowy Sacz]] Basin, [[West Carpathians]], [[Poland]].<ref>Łańcucka-Środoniowa M.: Macroscopic plant remains from the freshwater Miocene of the Nowy Sącz Basin (West Carpathians, Poland) [Szczątki makroskopowe roślin z miocenu słodkowodnego Kotliny Sądeckiej (Karpaty Zachodnie, Polska)]. Acta Palaeobotanica 1979 20 (1): 3-117.</ref>

Molecular data have backed up classifications based on geography and chromosome number, but following [[Plant morphology|morphological]] data, such as the structure of the leaves and stems, do not appear to produce a phylogenetic classification.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Lawrence A. Alice |author2=Christopher S. Campbell |name-list-style=amp |year=1999 |title=Phylogeny of Rubus (rosaceae) based on nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer region sequences |journal=American Journal of Botany |publisher=Botanical Society of America |volume=86 |issue=1 |pages=81–97 |doi=10.2307/2656957 |jstor=2656957 |pmid=21680348|bibcode=1999AmJB...86...81A }}</ref>