Editing Pseudo-anglicism (section)

==Examples==

===Many languages===

Some pseudo-anglicisms are found in many languages and have been characterized as "world-wide pseudo-English",<ref>Broder Carstensen, "Euro-English", in ''Linguistics across historical and geographical boundaries: in honour of Jacek Fisiak...'', '''2''', in ''Trends in Linguistics: Studies and Monographs'' '''32''', 1986, p. 831</ref> often borrowed via other languages such as French or Italian:<ref>''e.g.'', [[Triantafyllidis Dictionary|Λεξικό της κοινής Νεοελληνικής]] ''s.v.'' σμόκιν</ref>
* ''[[:wikt:autostop|autostop]]'' – [[hitchhiking]] in French,<ref name="collins"/> Italian,<ref>[http://www.treccani.it/vocabolario/autostop/ «Autostop»], ''Vocabolario Treccani on line'', [[Enciclopedia Italiana|Istituto dell'Enciclopedia italiana]]</ref> Polish, Serbo-Croatian, Greek οτοστόπ,<ref name="babiniotis">Georgios Babiniotis, [[Babiniotis Dictionary|Λεξικό της Νέας Ελληνικής Γλώσσας]], 1998, ''s.v.''</ref> Russian автостоп, Spanish, Bulgarian, Hungarian, etc.<ref name="gorlach"/>
* ''[[:wikt:basket|basket]]'' – [[basketball]] in Danish, French, Indonesian, Italian, Spanish, Swedish,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sblherr.se/|title=SBL Herr|website=www.sblherr.se}}</ref> Greek μπάσκετ,<ref name="babiniotis"/> Turkish, etc.;<ref name="gorlach"/> also [[sneakers]] in French
* ''[[:wikt:camping|camping]]'' – [[campsite|campsite or campground]] in French,<ref name="collins"/> Dutch,  Greek κάμπινγκ,<ref name="babiniotis"/> Bulgarian къмпинг,<ref>[https://en.pons.com/translate/bulgarian-english/%D0%BA%D1%8A%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3 ''PONS Online Dictionary'']</ref> Russian ке́мпинг,<ref>[https://en.pons.com/translate/russian-english/%D0%BA%D0%B5%CD%81%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3 ''PONS Online Dictionary'']</ref> Polish ''kemping'',<ref>[https://en.pons.com/translate/polish-english/kemping '''PONS Online Dictionary'']</ref> Portuguese,<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.dicio.com.br/camping/ | title=Camping }}</ref> Spanish, etc.
* ''[[:wikt:smoking|smoking]]'' – [[dinner jacket]], tuxedo, or smoking jacket in Danish,<ref>[https://ordnet.dk/ddo/ordbog?query=smoking smoking], Den Danske Ordbog</ref> French,<ref name="collins"/> Portuguese,<ref>{{cite web | url=https://dicionario.priberam.org/smoking | title=Smoking }}</ref> German,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Duden {{!}} Smoking {{!}} Rechtschreibung, Bedeutung, Definition, Herkunft|url=https://www.duden.de/rechtschreibung/Smoking|access-date=2021-08-13|website=www.duden.de|language=de}}</ref> Italian,<ref name="paravia">''Oxford Paravia Italian Dictionary'', 2001, {{isbn|0198604378}}, ''s.v.''</ref> Dutch,  Greek σμόκιν,<ref name="babiniotis"/> Russian, etc.<ref name="gorlach">Gorlach, 2001, ''s.v.''</ref>

=== Korean ===
{{Main|Konglish}}
{{further|List of Konglish terms}}
* ''one shot'' – "bottoms up" (원샷 [wʌn.ɕjat̚])<ref>{{cite web|url=https://en.dict.naver.com/#/search?query=%EC%9B%90%EC%83%B7|title=Search result for '원샷'|access-date=2023-08-09}}</ref>
* ''hand phone'' – "cellphone" (핸드폰 [hɛn.dɯ.pon])<ref>{{cite web|url=https://en.dict.naver.com/#/search?query=%ED%95%B8%EB%93%9C%ED%8F%B0|title=Search result for '핸드폰'|access-date=2023-08-09}}</ref>
* ''skinship'' – platonic hand-holding, hugging, etc. (스킨십; seu·kin·sib)<ref>{{cite web |author= |title=8 words that look like English but actually aren't – ESL language studies abroad |date=1 October 2019 |url=https://blog.esl-languages.com/blog/learn-languages/words-that-look-english-but-arent/ |website=ESL Stories |access-date=29 July 2021}}</ref>

=== Romance ===
====French====
[[French language|French]] includes many pseudo-anglicisms, including novel compounds (''baby-foot''), specifically compounds in ''-man'' (''tennisman''), truncations (''foot''), places in ''-ing'' (''dancing'' meaning dancing-place, not the act of dancing), and a large variety of meaning shifts.<ref name="thog"/>
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* {{lang|fr|[[:fr:wikt:baby-foot|baby-foot]]}}{{sfn|Ayres-Bennett|2014|p=335}} (m, pronounced {{IPA|fr|ba.bi.fut|}}) – [[table football]]
* {{lang|fr|[[:fr:wikt:baby-parc|baby-parc]]}}{{sfn|Ayres-Bennett|2014|p=335}} – playpen
* {{lang|fr|before}} – drinks in privileged company before a party, a.k.a. "pregame" (opposite of {{lang|fr|after}})
* {{lang|fr|[[:fr:wikt:blind test|blind test]]}} – music quiz / 'name that tune'
* {{lang|fr|[[:fr:wikt:brushing|brushing]]}} – blow-dry and styling<ref name="anderson">Matthew Anderson, "The foreign words that seem like English – but aren't", ''BBC Culture'' [https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20161014-the-foreign-words-that-seem-like-english-but-arent 13 October 2016]</ref><ref name="collins-usage">''Collins le Robert French Dictionary'', 11th ed., 2020, ''s.v.'' (usage note)</ref>
* {{lang|fr|[[:fr:wikt:building|building]]}} – high-rise building, tower block<ref name="anderson"/><ref name="collins">''Collins le Robert French Dictionary'', 11th ed., 2020, ''s.v.''</ref>
* {{lang|fr|[[:fr:wikt:box|box]]}} – [[wifi router]] or [[parking space]]<ref name="thog"/>
* {{lang|fr|dancing}} – [[dance hall]]<ref name="thog"/>
* {{lang|fr|[[:fr:wikt:dressing|dressing]]}} (noun) - walk-in closet
* {{lang|fr|flirt}} – a brief romance, flirtation, a [[boyfriend]] or [[girlfriend]]<ref name="collins"/>
* {{lang|fr|[[:fr:wikt:footing|footing]]}} – jogging (though the real English word is also used in French with the same meaning)
* {{lang|fr|pressing}} – [[dry cleaning]] shop,
* {{lang|fr|rallye-paper}}{{sfn|Ayres-Bennett|2014|p=335}}  – a "[[Fox games#Fox and hounds|fox-and-hounds]]" like game, except with paper scraps instead of foxes{{sfn|Geyer|1903|p=19}}
* {{lang|fr|[[:fr:wikt:recordman|recordman]]}} (m; pl: {{lang|fr|recordmans}}; f:{{lang|fr|recordwoman}}) – record holder, especially in sports
* {{lang|fr|[[:fr:wikt:relooker|relooker]]}} (verb) to make over; also: {{lang|fr|relooking}} (n; masc.) – a [[makeover]]
* {{lang|fr|[[:fr:wikt:scratch|scratch]]}} (noun) - velcro
* {{lang|fr|shake-hand}}{{sfn|Ayres-Bennett|2014|p=335}}
* {{lang|fr|speaker}}, {{lang|fr|speakerine}} (feminine) – radio or television [[announcer]]<ref name="thog">Clyde Thogmartin, "Some 'English' Words in French", ''The French Review'' '''57''':4:447-455 (March 1984) {{JSTOR|393310}}</ref>
* {{lang|fr|[[:fr:wikt:wheeling|wheeling]]}} – a wheelie

====Italian====
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* ''autogrill'' ({{IPA|it|autoˈɡril}})<ref>[http://www.treccani.it/vocabolario/autogrill/ «Autogrill»], ''Vocabolario Treccani on line'', [[Enciclopedia Italiana|Istituto dell'Enciclopedia italiana]]</ref> – [[rest area]] (used for any brand, not only for [[Autogrill]] chain)
* ''beauty farm''<ref>[http://www.treccani.it/vocabolario/beauty-farm/ «Beauty farm»], ''Vocabolario Treccani on line'', [[Enciclopedia Italiana|Istituto dell'Enciclopedia italiana]]</ref> ({{IPA|it|bjutiˈfarm}}) – [[spa]]
* The French borrowing ''[[:it:Taccuino|bloc-notes]]'' ({{IPA|fr|blɔknɔt}}) is sometimes written in the pseudo-English form ''[[:it:Taccuino|block-notes]]'' ({{IPA|it|blɔkˈnɔts|blɔkˈnotes}})<ref>[http://www.treccani.it/vocabolario/tag/block-notes// «Bloc-Notes»], ''Vocabolario Treccani on line'', [[Enciclopedia Italiana|Istituto dell'Enciclopedia italiana]]</ref> – [[notebook]]
* ''jolly'' – the joker in a pack of cards<ref name="anderson"/><ref>Cristiano Furiassi, "How jolly is the joker? Problemi di traducibilità dei falsi anglicismi" in the ''Atti del 5° congresso di studi dell’Associazione Italiana di Linguistica Applicata (AItLA)''. Bari, 17,18 febbraio 2005</ref>
* ''pullman'' – a bus<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=English Translation of "autobus" &#124; Collins Italian-English Dictionary |url=https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/italian-english/autobus}}</ref>
* ''smart working'' {{IPA|it|zmartˈworking}} – [[remote work]], where "smart" is used referring to other devices with an Internet connection, such as [[smartphone]]s and [[smartwatch]]es.
* ''water'' ({{IPA|it|vater}}) - [[flush toilet]] (from English ''water closet'')

==== Portuguese ====

* ''outdoor'' ''–'' [[billboard]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Outdoor |url=https://www.dicio.com.br/outdoor/ |access-date=2024-12-27 |website=Dicio, Dicionário Online de Português |language=pt-br}}</ref>
* ''home office'' ''-'' [[work from home]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Home Office |url=https://www.dicio.com.br/home-office/ |access-date=2024-12-28 |website=Dicio, Dicionário Online de Português |language=pt-br}}</ref>
* ''shopping'' ''-'' [[shopping mall]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shopping |url=https://www.dicio.com.br/shopping/ |access-date=2024-12-30 |website=Dicio, Dicionário Online de Português |language=pt-br}}</ref>

===Germanic===
====Danish====
* ''babylift'' – [[baby transport]]/[[baby transport|carrycot]]<ref>[https://ordnet.dk/ddo/ordbog?query=babylift babylift], Den Danske Ordbog</ref><ref name="anderson"/>
* ''butterfly'' – [[bow tie]]<ref>[https://ordnet.dk/ddo/ordbog?query=butterfly butterfly], Den Danske Ordbog</ref>
* ''cottoncoat'' – [[trench coat]]<ref>[https://ordnet.dk/ddo/ordbog?query=cottoncoat cottoncoat], Den Danske Ordbog</ref>
* ''cowboytoast'' – [[ground meat|minced meat]] [[sandwich]]<ref>[https://ordnet.dk/ddo/ordbog?query=cowboytoast cowboytoast], Den Danske Ordbog</ref>
* ''doorstep'' – a short and informal [[press conference]]<ref>[https://en.m.wiktionary.org/wiki/doorstep doorstep], Wiktionary</ref>
* ''monkeyclass'' – [[economy class]]<ref>[https://ordnet.dk/ddo/ordbog?query=monkeyclass monkeyclass], Den Danske Ordbog</ref>
* ''speedmarker'' – a [[felt-tip pen]]<ref>[https://ordnet.dk/ddo/ordbog?query=speedmarker speedmarker], Den Danske Ordbog</ref>
* ''stationcar'' – blend of [[station wagon]] (US) and [[estate car]] (UK)<ref>[https://ordnet.dk/ddo/ordbog?query=stationcar stationcar], Den Danske Ordbog</ref>
* ''timemanager'' – a calendar or notebook in which one writes down appointments (from the registered trademark [[Time Manager]])<ref>[https://ordnet.dk/ddo/ordbog?query=timemanager timemanager], Den Danske Ordbog</ref>

====Dutch====
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* ''beamer'' – a [[video projector]] (via German pseudo-anglicism ''Beamer'')<ref>{{cite web |title=Beamer (LaTeX) |last=Vullers |first=Pim |url=http://www.cs.ru.nl/~pim/beamer.php |year=2012 |website=Radboud University |publisher= |access-date=2020-12-09}}</ref>{{better source needed|reason=Ph.D. student webspace at univeristy|date=December 2020}} 
* ''box'' – a [[playpen]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Box |url=https://etymologiebank.nl/trefwoord/box |website=etymologiebank.nl |access-date=2024-06-12}}</ref> or a music speaker
* ''coffeeshop'' - a [[Coffeeshop (Netherlands)|shop selling cannabis]]
* ''keycord'' – a [[lanyard]]
* ''oldtimer'' – a [[classic car]]
* ''touringcar'' – a [[coach (bus)]]
* ''videoclip'' – a [[music video]]

====German====
{{See also|Denglisch}}
German pseudo anglicisms often have multiple valid and common ways of writing them, generally either hyphenated ''(Home-Office)'' or in one word ''(Homeoffice)''.<ref name="duden.de">{{Cite web|title=Duden {{!}} Homeoffice {{!}} Rechtschreibung, Bedeutung, Definition, Herkunft|url=https://www.duden.de/rechtschreibung/Homeoffice|access-date=2021-08-13|website=www.duden.de|language=de}}</ref> 

German speakers, especially teachers, often refer to pseudo-anglicisms as ''false friends'', a translation of the German term that may itself count as a pseudo anglicism.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/words/false_friends.htm|title=Englisch-Hilfen: Falsche Freunde|website=www.englisch-hilfen.de}}</ref>
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* ''Beamer'' –  a [[video projector]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Duden {{!}} Beamer {{!}} Rechtschreibung, Bedeutung, Definition, Herkunft|url=https://www.duden.de/rechtschreibung/Beamer|access-date=2021-03-14|website=www.duden.de|language=de}}</ref>
* ''Bodybag –'' a [[messenger bag]]
* ''Dressman'' – a male model (Onysko calls this the 'canonical example' of a pseudo-anglicism.{{sfn|Onysko|2007|p=52}})
* ''Flipper'' – a [[pinball machine]]<ref name="german.yabla.com">{{Cite web|url=https://german.yabla.com/lesson-German-Pseudo-Anglicisms-542|title = German Pseudo-Anglicisms – Yabla German – Free German Lessons}}</ref>
* ''Funsport'' – a sport played for amusement, such as [[skateboarding]] or [[frisbee]]<ref name="anderson" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=Duden {{!}} Funsport {{!}} Rechtschreibung, Bedeutung, Definition, Herkunft|url=https://www.duden.de/rechtschreibung/Funsport|access-date=2021-08-13|website=www.duden.de|language=de}}</ref>
* ''Handy'' – a mobile phone<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sparhandy.de/handy-kaufen/|title=Handy ohne Vertrag: Angebote März 2023|website=www.sparhandy.de}}</ref>
* ''Jobticket'' – a free pass for public transport provided by an employer for employees<ref>{{Cite web|title=Duden {{!}} Jobticket {{!}} Rechtschreibung, Bedeutung, Definition, Herkunft|url=https://www.duden.de/rechtschreibung/Jobticket|access-date=2021-03-13|website=www.duden.de|language=de}}</ref>
* ''Oldtimer'' – an [[antique car]]<ref name="anderson"/>
* ''Shooting'' – a photoshoot<ref name="german.yabla.com"/>
* ''trampen'' (verb) – hitchhiking<ref>{{Cite web|title=Duden {{!}} Trampen {{!}} Rechtschreibung, Bedeutung, Definition, Herkunft|url=https://www.duden.de/rechtschreibung/trampen|access-date=2021-05-13|website=www.duden.de|language=de}}</ref>
* ''mobbing'' – bullying

====Norwegian====

* ''hands'' – the offence of [[Handball (association football)|handball]] in [[association football]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=hands |url=https://naob.no/ordbok/hands |access-date=2024-07-05|website = www.naob.no}}</ref>
* ''sixpence'' – Flat cap<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sixpence |url=https://www.skittfiske.no/klaer/hodeplagg/sixpence |access-date=2022-09-18 |website=www.skittfiske.no}}</ref>

====Swedish====
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* ''after work'' – a meeting for drinks after the workday is finished<ref>{{cite news|title=After work ett svenskt påhitt|url=https://www.dn.se/ekonomi/after-work-ett-svenskt-pahitt/|newspaper=[[Dagens Nyheter]]|date=11 March 2015|access-date=12 December 2015|language=Swedish}}</ref>
* ''backslick'' – a wet, combed-back hair style{{citation needed|date=December 2020}}
* ''pocket'' – a paper-back book<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.akademibokhandeln.se/lista/pockettoppen|title=Topplistan Pocket – Akademibokhandeln|website=www.akademibokhandeln.se}}</ref>
* ''speaker'' – an announcer (such as at sporting events)<ref>{{cite web|title=speaker|url=https://svenska.se/tre/?sok=speaker&pz=1|website=Svenska.se|publisher=[[Swedish Academy]]|access-date=14 May 2025|language=sv}}</ref>

=== Slavic ===

==== Serbian ====

* {{Lang-sr-Cyrl-Latn|бос|bos|italic1=yes|italic2=no|label=none}} – [[crime boss]]<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Prćić |first=Tvrtko |url=http://digitalna.ff.uns.ac.rs/sadrzaj/2021/978-86-6065-636-2 |title=Srpski rečnik novijih anglicizama |publisher=Faculty of Philosophy |year=2021 |isbn=978-86-6065-636-2 |edition=1st |location=Novi Sad |language=sr}}</ref>
* {{Lang-sr-Cyrl-Latn|букмејкер|bukmejker|italic1=yes|italic2=no|label=none}} – a person who bets, especially on sports and other competitions<ref name=":2" />
* {{Lang-sr-Cyrl-Latn|голман|golman|italic1=yes|italic2=no|label=none}} – [[goalkeeper]]<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |last=Savić |first=Marija |date=2014 |title=Pseudoanglicizmi u srpskom jeziku |journal=Jezici i kulture u vremenu i prostoru |volume=3 |isbn=978-86-6065-282-1 |via=Filozofski fakultet}}</ref>
* {{Lang-sr-Cyrl-Latn|хепиенд|hepiend|italic1=yes|italic2=no|label=none}} – [[happy ending]]<ref name=":3" />
* {{Lang-sr-Cyrl-Latn|олдтајмер|oldtajmer|italic1=yes|italic2=no|label=none}} – [[classic car]]<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Prćić |first=Tvrtko |date=2012 |title=Како се на енглеском каже олдтајмер? : англицизми као српско-енглески лажни парови |url=https://www.maticasrpska.org.rs/stariSajt/casopisi/filologija_55-2.pdf |journal=Matica Srpska Journal of Philology and Linguistics |volume=55 |issue=2 |pages=203–220 |issn=0352-5724}}</ref>
* {{Lang-sr-Cyrl-Latn|стреч|streč|italic1=yes|italic2=no|label=none}} – [[stretch fabric]]<ref name=":2" />

====Polish====
* ''dres'' – [[tracksuit]];<ref>{{cite web|title=dres|url=http://swo.pwn.pl/haslo.php?id=6162|work=Słownik wyrazów obcych|publisher=Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN|access-date=11 April 2012|language=Polish}}{{Dead link|date=May 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> sometimes also short for ''[[dresiarz]]'' ([[chav]], [[gopnik]])

====Russian====
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* Дресс-кроссинг ("Dress crossing") – [[clothing swap]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://brjunetka.ru/chto-takoe-dress-krossing-i-v-chem-ego-preimushhestva/ | title=Преимущества и недостатки дресс-кроссинга | date=19 September 2015 }}</ref> (analogous to [[postcrossing]], [[bookcrossing]]); not to be confused with [[cross-dressing]]
* {{lang|ru|[[:ru:wikt:клипмейкер|Клипмейкер]]}} ("Clip maker") – [[music video director]]{{sfn|Baldwin|2020|loc=[https://books.google.com/books?id=bJb-DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT48 Клипмейкер]}}
* {{lang|ru|[[:ru:wikt:митинг|Митинг]]}} ("meeting") – [[Political demonstration|rally, demonstration]]
* {{lang|ru|[[:ru:wikt:рекордсмен|Рекордсмен]]}} ("records man") – record holder
* {{lang|ru|[[:ru:wikt:страйкбол|Страйкбол]]}} ("strikeball")<ref>[https://translate.academic.ru/страйкбол/en/ru/страйкбол «страйкбол»], ''«Словари и энциклопедии на Академике»''</ref><ref>[[:ru:Страйкбол|Страйкбол]], ''«Википедия»''</ref> – [[airsoft]]
* {{lang|ru|[[:ru:wikt:фейсконтроль|Фейсконтроль]]}} ("[[Face control]]") – the policy of screening people based on their appearance{{Citation needed|date=January 2019}}

=== Austronesian ===
==== Malaysian Malay ====
* ''action'' – boast; boastful<ref name="Johari">{{cite web|url=https://says.com/my/seismik/perkataan-english-orang-kita-pakai-yang-beri-maksud-berbeza|title=21 'English Words' Yang Menyimpang Jauh Maksudnya Bila Orang Kita Guna Untuk Bersembang|last=Johari|first=Farouq|date=August 2017|publisher=says.com|access-date=}}</ref>
* ''best'' – good<ref name="Johari"/><ref name="soscili.my">{{cite web|url=https://soscili.my/perkataan-inggeris-salahguna-dimelayukan/|title=9 perkataan English yang terpesong maknanya bila di-Melayukan|last=|first=|date=13 August 2016|publisher=soscili.my|access-date=5 September 2022}}</ref>
* ''cable'' – personal connection or insider<ref name="Johari"/><ref name="Roslan">{{cite web|url=https://www.thevocket.com/perkataan-english-di-melayukan/|title=10 Perkataan English Yang Telah Di Melayukan. Mat Salleh Pun Takkan Faham|last=Roslan|first=Rizmi|date=18 January 2015|publisher=The Vocket|access-date=}}</ref>
* ''power'' – great<ref name="Johari"/><ref name="soscili.my"/>
* ''sound'' – scold<ref name="Johari"/><ref name="soscili.my"/>
* ''spender'' – [[undergarment]] for lower body e.g. [[briefs]] and [[panties]]<ref name="Johari"/><ref name="soscili.my"/><ref name="Roslan"/>
* ''terror'' – great<ref name="Roslan"/>

==== Indonesian ====
* ''busway'' – [[TransJakarta]] [[bus]]; [[bus rapid transit]]<ref>{{cite news |last1=Fiandri |first1=Niko |title=Mau Tahu Bedanya Busway dengan Transjakarta? Supaya Enggak Gagal Paham |url=https://www.gridoto.com/read/221010024/mau-tahu-bedanya-busway-dengan-transjakarta-supaya-enggak-gagal-paham |access-date=23 January 2022 |work=GridOto.com |date=4 January 2018 |language=id}}</ref>
* ''cross boy/girl'' – delinquent person<ref name="gustaafkusno">{{Cite web |last=Kompasiana.com |date=2012-09-05 |title=Istilah Bahasa Inggris Kreasi Orang Indonesia |url=https://www.kompasiana.com/gustaafkusno/55175b3fa333114607b65c5f/istilah-bahasa-inggris-kreasi-orang-indonesia |access-date=2023-12-11 |website=KOMPASIANA |language=id}}</ref>
* ''free sex'' – [[extramarital sex]]<ref name="Nelly Martin">{{cite thesis |last=Martin |first=Nelly |date=2017 |title=Bahasa Gado-Gado in Indonesian Popular Texts: Expanding Indonesian Identities through Code-Switching with English |url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/1929232840?sourcetype=Dissertations%20&%20Theses |degree=PhD |publisher=The University of Wisconsin |access-date=2024-12-31}}</ref>
* ''hand body'' – hand & body [[lotion]]<ref name="Sacha Stevenson">{{cite web |last1=Stevenson |first1=Sacha |author1-link=Sacha Stevenson |title=15 kesalahan dalam bahasa Inggris (buat orang Indonesia) |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_oHtlTS8RhQ |website=youtube.com |language=id |format=video |date=Jan 5, 2020}}</ref>
* ''handphone'' – [[mobile phone]]<ref name="gustaafkusno"/>
* ''healing'' – going on a [[vacation]] to [[self-healing|heal mentally]]<ref name="TelU">{{Cite web |last=RRI.co.id |date=2023-10-27 |title=Sering Salah, Ini Arti Healing dalam Psikologi Sesungguhnya! |url=https://smb.telkomuniversity.ac.id/cerita-telutizen/sering-salah-ini-arti-healing-dalam-psikologi-sesungguhnya/ |access-date=2024-12-29 |website=Telkom University |language=id}}</ref>
* ''magic com'' – multifunctional [[rice cooker]]<ref name="Raissa Yulianti">{{Cite web |last=momsmoney.kontan.co.id |date=2023-09-11 |title=Perbedaan Fungsi Rice Cooker, Magic Jar dan Magic Com untuk Kebutuhan Rumah Tangga |url=https://momsmoney.kontan.co.id/news/perbedaan-fungsi-rice-cooker-magic-jar-dan-magic-com-untuk-kebutuhan-rumah-tangga |access-date=2024-12-29 |website=MOMSMONEY.ID |language=id}}</ref>
* ''outbound'' – [[outdoor education]] or recreational activities<ref name="gustaafkusno"/>
* ''sorry-dorry-morry-strawberry'' – [[wikt:sorry, not sorry|sorry not sorry]]; [[apology (act)|sorry]]<ref name="Rafiek, M.">{{cite journal |last1=Rafiek |first1=M. |date=2013 |title=RAGAM BAHASA WARIA DALAM SINETRON |url=https://ppjp.ulm.ac.id/journal/index.php/jbsp/article/viewFile/4481/3925 |journal=Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra, Dan Pembelajarannya |volume=3 |issue=1 |pages=4–18 |doi=10.20527/jbsp.v3i1.4481 |access-date=2024-12-29}}</ref>
* ''sound'' – [[sound reinforcement system]]<ref name="Anindya Milagsita">{{Cite web |last=detik.com/jateng/ |date=2024-08-18 |title=Apa Itu Sound Horeg? Ini Pengertian dan Asal-usulnya |url=https://www.detik.com/jateng/berita/d-7495775/apa-itu-sound-horeg-ini-pengertian-dan-asal-usulnya |access-date=2024-12-29 |website=detikJateng |language=id}}</ref>
* ''travel'' – inter-regional [[minibus]] service <ref name="Panji Prayitno">{{Cite web |last=Liputan6.com |date=2022-09-26 |title=Kenali Perbedaan Shuttle, Travel, dan Bus Pariwisata dalam Layanan Transportasi |url=https://www.liputan6.com/regional/read/5079812/kenali-perbedaan-shuttle-travel-dan-bus-pariwisata-dalam-layanan-transportasi |access-date=2024-12-29 |website=Liputan6.com |language=id}}</ref>
* ''win-win solution'' – [[win-win situation]]; win-win conflict resolution <ref name="Ayu Ma'as">{{Cite web |last=kids.grid.id |date=2022-07-05 |title=5 Ungkapan Dalam Bahasa Inggris yang Sering Salah Diterjemahkan |url=https://kids.grid.id/read/473359309/5-ungkapan-dalam-bahasa-inggris-yang-sering-salah-diterjemahkan?page=all |access-date=2024-12-29 |website=Grid |language=id}}</ref>

=== Other languages ===
====Maltese====

* ''goaler'' – [[Goalkeeper (association football)|goalkeeper]]<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Chucky |date=2016-11-26 |title=5 Kelmiet Li Taħsibhom Ingliżi Imma Mhumiex |url=https://lovinmalta.com/lifestyle/language/5-kelmiet-li-tahsibhom-inglizi-imma-mhumiex/ |access-date=2024-02-24 |website=Lovin Malta |language=en-GB}}</ref>