Editing List of Chinese monarchs (section)

===Shang dynasty (c. 1600–1046 BCE)===
{{further|Shang dynasty}}
Unlike the Xia, the [[Shang dynasty]]'s historicity is firmly established, due to [[Oracle bone script|written records]] on divination objects known as [[Oracle bone]]s. The oldest such oracle bones date to the [[Late Shang]] ({{circa|1250—1046 BCE}}), during the reign of [[Wu Ding]] (1250–1192), putting the exact details of earlier rulers into doubt.{{sfn|Keightley|1999|p=232}}{{sfn|Wilkinson|2018|p=1277}}

{{legend|#EBEBEB|({{Hash-tag}}) – Uncertain legitimacy}}

{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center; width:100%;"
|+ Shang dynasty (商朝; c. 1600–1046/c. 1570—1045 BCE)
! scope="col" rowspan="2" width="15%" | Posthumous name{{sfn|Keightley|1985|pp=204–207}}
! scope="col" rowspan="2" width="15%" | Personal name{{sfn|Keightley|1985|pp=204–207}}
! scope="col" colspan="2" width="20%" | Tentative reign (BCE){{efn|The traditional dating method (beginning the [[Shang dynasty|Shang]] in 1766) is not included in this table. See {{harvnb|Liu|Wu|Guo|Yuan|2021|pp=165, 169}} for another, more recent, method of dating}}
! rowspan="2" scope="col" width="20%" | Traditional succession{{sfn|Moule|1957|p=xiv}}{{sfn|Indiana University|2006|pp=2–3}}
! scope="col" rowspan="2" width="10%" | Residence{{sfn|Theobald|2018b}}
! scope="col" rowspan="2" width="20%" | Purported life details
|-
! XSZ Project{{sfn|Lee|2002|p=18}}{{sfn|XSZCP Group|2000|pp=86–88}}
! {{abbr|CHAC|The Cambridge History of Ancient China}}{{sfn|Loewe|Shaughnessy|1999|p=25}}
|-
| colspan="9" data-sort-value="ZZZZ9999" |

====Early Shang====
|-
| '''[[Tang of Shang|Tang]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|汤}}
----'''[[Tang of Shang|Da Yi]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|大乙}}
| Zi Lü<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|子履}}
| {{floruit|{{circa|1600}}}}
| {{floruit|{{circa|1570}}}}{{sfn|Loewe|Shaughnessy|1999|p=2}}
| Defeated the purportedly tyrannous [[Jie of Xia]] at the [[Battle of Mingtiao]] and established the [[Shang dynasty]]
| Bo, then Shangyi
| Traditionally considered a noble and virtuous ruler{{sfn|''Imperial China''|2020|p=316}}
|-
! colspan="7" |
|-style="background-color: #EAECF0"
| '''[[Da Ding]]''' ({{Hash-tag}})<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|大丁}}
----'''[[Da Ding|Tai Ding]]''' ({{Hash-tag}})<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|太丁}}
| ''unknown''
| –
| –
| Son of Tang
| –
| Uncertain whether he was ever enthroned; may have died before succeeding his father{{sfn|Indiana University|2006}}{{sfn|''Imperial China''|2020|p=316}}
|-
! colspan="7" |
|-
| '''[[Wai Bing]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|外丙}}
| Zi Sheng<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|子勝}}
| —
| —
| Son of Tang
| Bo
| —{{sfn|''Imperial China''|2020|p=316}}
|-
! colspan="7" |
|-style="background-color: #EAECF0"
| '''[[Zhong Ren]]''' ({{Hash-tag}})<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|中壬}}
| Zi Yong<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|子庸}}
| —
| —
| Son of Tang
| Bo
| Not listed in the oracle bones inscriptions{{sfn|''Imperial China''|2020|p=316}}
|-
! colspan="7" |
|-
| '''[[Tai Jia]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|太甲}}
| Zi Zhi<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|子至}}
| —
| —
| Son of Da Ding
| Bo
| Traditionally considered an [[autocratic]] and cruel ruler{{sfn|''Imperial China''|2020|p=316}}
|-
! colspan="7" |
|-style="background-color: #EAECF0"
| '''[[Wo Ding]]''' ({{Hash-tag}})<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|沃丁}}
----'''[[Wo Ding|Qiang Ding]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|羌丁}}
| Zi Xuan<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|子絢}}
| —
| —
| Son of Tai Jia
| Bo
| His name is not found in oracle bone inscriptions, making his certainty as a ruler less secure.{{sfn|Indiana University|2006}}{{sfn|''Imperial China''|2020|p=316}}
|-
! colspan="7" |
|-
| '''[[Tai Geng]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|太庚}}
----'''[[Tai Geng|Da Geng]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|大庚}}
| Zi Bian<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|子辯}}
| —
| —
| Son of Tai Jia
| Bo
| –{{sfn|''Imperial China''|2020|p=317}}
|-
| '''[[Xiao Jia]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|小甲}}
| Zi Gao<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|子高}}
| —
| —
| Son of Tai Geng
| Bo
| –{{sfn|''Imperial China''|2020|p=317}}
|-
| '''[[Yong Ji]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|雍己}}
| Zi Zhou<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|子伷}}
| —
| —
| Son of Tai Geng
| Bo
| May have reigned after [[Tai Wu]]{{sfn|''Imperial China''|2020|p=317}}
|-
| '''[[Tai Wu]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|太戊}}
----'''[[Tai Wu|Da Wu]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|大戊}}
| Zi Mi<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|子密}}
| —
| —
| Son of Tai Geng
| Bo
| Said to have had a particularly long reign; one source records 75 years. The astronomer [[Wuxian (Shang dynasty)|Wuxian]] was active under him{{sfn|''Imperial China''|2020|p=317}}
|-
| '''[[Zhong Ding]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|仲丁}}
| Zi Zhung<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|子莊}}
| —
| —
| Son of Tai Wu
| Ao
| May have succeeded [[Yong Ji]]{{sfn|''Imperial China''|2020|p=317}}
|-
| '''[[Wai Ren]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|外壬}}
| Zi Fā<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|子發}}
| —
| —
| Son of Tai Wu
| Ao
| –{{sfn|''Imperial China''|2020|p=317}}
|-
| '''[[He Dan Jia]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|河亶甲}}
| Zi Zheng<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|子整}}
| —
| —
| Son of Tai Wu
| Xiang
| Moved the capital to Xiang ({{lang|zh-hant|相}}) and engaged in military campaigns{{sfn|''Imperial China''|2020|p=317}}
|-
| '''[[Zu Yi]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|祖己}}
| Zi Teng<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|子滕}}
| —
| —
| Son of Zhong Ding
| Geng
| The dynasty flourished particularly during his reign{{sfn|''Imperial China''|2020|p=317}}
|-
| '''[[Zu Xin]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|祖辛}}
| Zi Dan<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|子旦}}
| —
| —
| Son of Zu Yi
| Bi
| –{{sfn|''Imperial China''|2020|p=317}}
|-
| '''[[Wo Jia]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|沃甲}}
----'''[[Wo Jia|Qiang Jia]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|羌甲}}
| Zi Yu<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|子踰}}
| —
| —
| Son of Zu Yi
| Bi
| –{{sfn|''Imperial China''|2020|p=317}}
|-
| '''[[Zu Ding]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|祖丁}}
| Zi Xin<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|子新}}
| —
| —
| Son of Zu Xin
| Bi
| –{{sfn|''Imperial China''|2020|p=317}}
|-
| '''[[Nan Geng]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|南庚}}
| Zi Geng<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|子更}}
| —
| —
| Son of Wo Jia
| Bi, then Yan
| Moved the capital from Bi ({{lang|zh-hant|庇}}) to Yan ({{lang|zh-hant|奄}}){{sfn|''Imperial China''|2020|p=317}}
|-
| '''[[Yang Jia of Shang|Yang Jia]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|陽甲}}
| Zi He<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|子和}}
| —
| —
| Son of Zu Ding
| Yan
| His reign marked the decline of the Shang{{sfn|''Imperial China''|2020|p=318}}
|-
| '''[[Pan Geng]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|盤庚}}
| Zi Xun<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|子旬}}
| rowspan="3" | ''1300–1251''<br/><small>({{Age in years|-1300|-1251}} years)</small>
| —
| Son of Zu Ding
| Yan, then Yin
| Traditionally said to have moved the dynasty's capital from Yan ({{lang|zh-hant|奄}}) to [[Yinxu|Yin]] ({{lang|zh-hant|殷}}){{sfn|Keightley|1985|pp=xiii–xiv}} Led a prosperous reign{{sfn|''Imperial China''|2020|p=318}}
|-
| '''[[Xiao Xin]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|小辛}}
| Zi Song<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|子颂}}
| —
| Son of Zu Ding
| [[Yinxu|Yin]]
| His reign saw the continuation of the Shang's decline{{sfn|''Imperial China''|2020|p=318}}
|-
| '''[[Xiao Yi of Shang|Xiao Yi]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|小乙}}
| Zi Lian<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|子敛}}
| —
| Son of Zu Ding
| [[Yinxu|Yin]]
| –{{sfn|''Imperial China''|2020|p=318}}
|-
| colspan="9" data-sort-value="ZZZZ9999" |

====Late Shang====

{{see also|Late Shang|Periodization of the Shang dynasty}}
|-
| '''[[Wu Ding]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|武丁}}
| Zi Zhao<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|子昭}}
| 1250–1192<br/><small>({{Age in years|-1250|-1192}} years)</small>
| ?–1189
| Son of Xiao Yi
| [[Yinxu|Yin]]
| A powerful king with a lengthy reign. Made his wife [[Fu Hao]] the a military general and is purportedly defeated the mostly-unknown [[Guifang]] people.{{sfn|Shaughnessy|1997|pp=13–14}} The first ruler whose name is included in [[oracle bone]]s which date to his reign.{{sfn|Keightley|1985|p=xiii}}{{sfn|''Imperial China''|2020|p=318}}
|-
| '''[[Zu Geng of Shang|Zu Geng]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|祖庚}}
| Zi Yue<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|子躍}}
| rowspan="6" | ''1191–1148''<br/><small>({{Age in years|-1191|-1148}} years)</small>
| 1188–1178<br/><small>({{Age in years|-1188|-1178}} years)</small>
| Son of Wu Ding
| [[Yinxu|Yin]]
| Possibly commissioned the [[Houmuwu ding]] in memory of his mother [[Fu Jing (Shang dynasty)|Fu Jing]]{{sfnp|Li|2012|p=13}}{{sfn|''Imperial China''|2020|p=318}}{{efn|[[Zu Ji]], another son of [[Wu Ding]] is given a kingly title in some [[oracle bone]] texts, but did probably not reign.{{sfnm|1a1=Indiana University|1y=2006|1p=3|2a1=Theobald|2y=2018b}}}}
|-
| '''[[Zu Jia]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|祖甲}}
| Zi Zai<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|子載}}
| 1177–1158<br/><small>({{Age in years|-1177|-1158}} years)</small>
| Son of Wu Ding
| [[Yinxu|Yin]]
| Reformed the ritual and calendar systems, as recording in the ''[[Book of Documents]]''{{sfn|''Imperial China''|2020|p=318}}
|-
! colspan="7" |
|-style="background-color: #EAECF0"
| '''[[Lin Xin]]''' ({{Hash-tag}})<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|廩辛}}
| Zi Xian<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|子先}}
| 1157–1149<br/><small>({{Age in years|-1157|-1149}} years)</small>
| Son of Zu Jia
| [[Yinxu|Yin]]
| Due to inconsistencies in the oracle bone inscriptions, it is possible he did not reign.{{sfn|Keightley|1985|p=187}}{{sfn|''Imperial China''|2020|pp=318–319}}
|-
! colspan="7" |
|-
| '''[[Geng Ding]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|庚丁}}
----'''[[Geng Ding|Kang Ding]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|康丁}}
| Zi Xiao<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|子囂}}
| 1148–1132<br/><small>({{Age in years|-1148|-1132}} years)</small>
| Son of Zu Jia
| [[Yinxu|Yin]]
| His reign accelerated the dynasty's decline{{sfn|''Imperial China''|2020|p=319}}
|-
| '''[[Wu Yi of Shang|Wu Yi]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|武乙}}
| Zi Qu<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|子瞿}}
| 1147–1131<br/><small>({{Age in years|-1147|-1131}} years)</small>
| 1131–1117<br/><small>({{Age in years|-1131|-1117}} years)</small>
| Son of Geng Ding
| [[Yinxu|Yin]], Hebei, then Mo
| Engaged in numerous military campaigns, including against the state of [[Yiqu]]. Traditionally held to have been killed by a lightning strike, considered a bad omen{{sfn|''Imperial China''|2020|p=319}}
|-
| '''[[Wen Wu Ding]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|文武丁}}
----'''[[Wen Wu Ding|Wen Ding]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|文丁}}
| Zi Tuo<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|子托}}
| 1112–1102<br/><small>({{Age in years|-1112|-1102}} years)</small>
| 1116–1106<br/><small>({{Age in years|-1116|-1106}} years)</small>
| Son of Wu Yi
| [[Yinxu|Yin]]
| The [[Predynastic Zhou]] rose in power during his reign, led by [[Ji, King of Zhou]]{{sfn|''Imperial China''|2020|p=319}}
|-
| '''[[Di Yi]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|帝乙}}
| Zi Xian<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|子羡}}
| 1101–1076<br/><small>({{Age in years|-1101|-1076}} years)</small>
| 1105–1087<br/><small>({{Age in years|-1105|-1087}} years)</small>
| Son of Wen Wu Ding
| [[Yinxu|Yin]]
| Supposedly married his daughter to [[King Wen of Zhou]],{{sfn|Shaughnessy|1997|p=14}}{{sfn|Marshall|2001|p=157}} or married his sister to [[Ji, King of Zhou]]{{sfn|Marshall|2001|pp=157–158}}
|-
| '''[[King Zhou of Shang|Di Xin]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|帝辛 (紂)}}
| Zi Shou<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|子受}}
| 1075–1046<br/><small>({{Age in years|-1075|-1046}} years)</small>
| 1086–1045<br/><small>({{Age in years|-1086|-1045}} years)</small>
| Son of Di Yi
| [[Yinxu|Yin]]
| Killed by [[King Wu of Zhou|Ji Fa]] during the [[Battle of Muye]]{{sfn|Lee|2002|pp=31–32}}{{sfn|''Imperial China''|2020|p=319}}
|}