Editing Hans Eysenck (section)

===Genetics, race and intelligence===

Eysenck advocated a strong influence from [[genetics]] and [[race and intelligence|race on IQ differences]]. Eysenck supported [[Arthur Jensen]]'s questioning of whether variation in [[IQ]] between [[Race (classification of human beings)|racial groups]] was entirely environmental.<ref>Eysenck, H. (1971). ''Race, Intelligence and Education''. London: Maurice Temple Smith.</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Boyle |first1=Gregory J. |last2=Stankov |first2=Lazar |last3=Martin |first3=Nicholas G. |last4=Petrides |first4=K.V. |last5=Eysenck |first5=Michael W. |last6=Ortet |first6=Generos |title=Hans J. Eysenck and Raymond B. Cattell on intelligence and personality |journal=Personality and Individual Differences |date=December 2016 |volume=103 |pages=40–47 |doi=10.1016/j.paid.2016.04.029 |s2cid=151437650 |url=https://pure.bond.edu.au/ws/files/10650889/Boyle_et_al._on_Eysenck_and_Cattell_2016_.pdf }}</ref> In opposition to this position, Eysenck was punched in the face by a protester during a talk at the [[London School of Economics]].<ref>Roger Pearson, ''Race, Intelligence and Bias in Academe'', 2nd edition, Scott-Townsend<!--not great, but ok for basic facts like this one--> (1997), {{ISBN|1-878465-23-6}}, pp. 34–38.</ref> Eysenck also received bomb threats and threats to kill his young children.<ref>{{cite news |author=Staff Reporter |date=1997-09-12 |title=Scientist or showman? |url=https://mg.co.za/article/1997-09-12-scientist-or-showman/ |work=Mail & Guardian |location=Africa |access-date=2022-06-23}}</ref>

Eysenck claimed that the media had given people the misleading impression that his views were outside the mainstream scientific consensus. Eysenck cited ''[[The IQ Controversy, the Media and Public Policy]]'' as showing that there was majority support for all of the main contentions he had put forward, and further claimed that there was no real debate about the matter among relevant scientists.<ref name="Eysenck, Hans J. 1990, p. 40">Eysenck, Hans J., ''Rebel with a Cause (an Autobiography)'', London: W. H. Allen & Co., 1990, pp. 289–291.</ref><ref>[[BBC television]] series ''Face To Face'' • Hans Eysenck – broadcast 16 October 1990.</ref>

Regarding this controversy, in 1988 S. A. Barnett described Eysenck as a "prolific popularizer" and he exemplified Eysenck's writings on this topic with two passages from his early 1970s books:<ref name="Barnett1989">{{cite book |first=S. A. |last=Barnett |title=Biology and Freedom: An Essay on the Implications of Human Ethology|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WfaJCLw8rCsC&pg=PA160|year=1988|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-35316-8|pages=160–161}}</ref>
{{blockquote|All the evidence to date suggests the ... overwhelming importance of genetic factors in producing the great variety of intellectual differences which we observe in our culture, and much of the difference observed between certain racial groups.|HJ Eysenck|''Race, Intelligence and Education'', 1971, London: Temple Smith, p. 130}}

{{blockquote|the whole course of development of a child's intellectual capabilities is largely laid down genetically, and even extreme environmental changes ... have little power to alter this development. H. J. Eysenck ''The Inequality of Man'', 1973, London: Temple Smith, pp. 111–12}}

Barnett quotes additional criticism of ''Race, Intelligence and Education'' from [[Sandra Scarr]],<ref name="Barnett1989" /> who wrote in 1976 that Eysenck's book was "generally inflammatory"<ref>{{cite book|editor=Ned Joel Block and Gerald Dworkin |title=The I.Q. Controversy: Critical Readings |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/iqcontroversy00dnur |chapter-url-access=registration |year=1976|publisher=Pantheon Books |isbn=978-0-394-73087-5 |page=[https://archive.org/details/iqcontroversy00dnur/page/114 114] |author=Sandra Scarr |chapter=Unknowns in the IQ equation}}</ref> and that there "is something in this book to insult almost everyone except [[White Anglo-Saxon Protestants|WASPs]] and Jews."<ref>{{cite book |editor=Ned Joel Block and Gerald Dworkin |title=The I.Q. Controversy: Critical Readings|chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/iqcontroversy00dnur |chapter-url-access=registration |year=1976|publisher=Pantheon Books |isbn=978-0-394-73087-5|page=[https://archive.org/details/iqcontroversy00dnur/page/116 116]|author=Sandra Scarr |chapter=Unknowns in the IQ equation}}</ref> Scarr was equally critical of Eysenck's hypotheses, one of which was the supposition that slavery on plantations had selected African Americans as a less intelligent sub-sample of Africans.<ref name="Scarr1981">{{cite book |first=Sandra |last=Scarr |title=Race, Social Class, and Individual Differences in IQ |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UW9cjBo_nCIC&pg=PA62 |year=1981 |publisher=Psychology Press |isbn=978-0-89859-055-5 |pages=62–65}}</ref> Scarr also criticised another statement of Eysenck on the alleged significantly lower IQs of Italian, Spanish, Portuguese and Greek immigrants in the US relative to the populations in their country of origin. "Although Eysenck is careful to say that these are not established facts (because no IQ tests were given to the immigrants or nonimmigrants in question?"<ref name="Scarr1981" />) Scarr writes that the careful reader would conclude that "Eysenck admits that scientific evidence to date does not permit a clear choice of the genetic-differences interpretation of black inferiority on intelligence tests," whereas a "quick reading of the book, however, is sure to leave the reader believing that scientific evidence today strongly supports the conclusion that US blacks are genetically inferior to whites in IQ."<ref name="Scarr1981" />

Some of Eysenck's later work was funded by the [[Pioneer Fund]], an organization which promoted [[scientific racism]].<ref>William H. Tucker, ''The Funding of Scientific Racism: Wickliffe Draper and the Pioneer Fund''. University of Illinois Press, 2002.</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pioneerfund.org/Grantees.html |title=Grantees |publisher=Pioneerfund.org |access-date=22 July 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727175000/http://www.pioneerfund.org/Grantees.html |archive-date=27 July 2011 |df=dmy-all}}</ref>