Editing 1686 (section)

=== July&ndash;September ===
* [[July 9]] &ndash; The [[Grand Alliance (League of Augsburg)]] is founded, in response to claims made by [[Louis XIV]] of France on the [[Electorate of the Palatinate]] in [[western Germany]]. It comprises the [[Holy Roman Empire]], the [[Netherlands]], [[Sweden]], [[Spain]], the electors of [[Bavaria]], [[Saxony]] and the Electorate of the Palatinate.<ref>"Augsburg, League of", in ''The Encyclopedia Americana: A Library of Universal Knowledge'' (Encyclopedia Americana Corporation, 1918) p. 541</ref><ref>Kenneth M. Setton, ''Venice, Austria, and the Turks in the Seventeenth Century'' (American Philosophical Society, 1991) p. 390</ref>
* [[July 17]] &ndash; King [[James II of England]] appoints four [[Catholic Church|Roman Catholic]]s to the [[Privy Council of England]],<ref>{{cite book|last=Palmer|first=Alan|last2=Palmer |first2=Veronica|year=1992|title=The Chronology of British History|publisher=Century Ltd|location=London|pages=196–197|isbn=0-7126-5616-2}}</ref> in defiance of the [[Test Act]]s, which bar Catholics from public office. Suspicions about James's intentions lead to a group of conspirators meeting at [[Charborough House]] in [[Dorset]], to plan his overthrow and replacement with the [[Protestant]] Dutch [[Stadtholder]], [[William III of England|William III of Orange-Nassau]] (James's son-in-law).
* [[July 18]] &ndash; [[Sino-Russian border conflicts#1665-1689: Albazin|An army of 3,000 Chinese troops demand Russian surrender]] of a Russian Empire fortress at [[Albazino]] on the [[Amur River]].  The fortress is manned by only 736 Russian soldiers and militia but is armed with cannons.  Over the next several weeks, the Chinese troops are joined by another 3,000 men in supply boats, but the Russians hold off the attacks for the next five months.  By December, only 24 Russians remain, and Albazino is ceded to China in 1689. 
* [[July 22]] &ndash; [[Albany, New York]], is granted a city charter by the colonial governor.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Howell |first1=George Rogers |title=The Date of the Settlement of the Colony of New York |date=1897 |publisher=C. Van Benthuysen |page=16 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q_lYAAAAMAAJ&dq=%22july+22+1686%22+New+york+citycharter&pg=PA16 |access-date=May 12, 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[August 4]] &ndash; Portuguese soldiers hired by the [[East India Company]] mutiny rather than follow orders to join the war in Bengal.  The ringleaders are quickly arrested and executed, and the mutiny ends. 
* [[August 15]] &ndash; [[Christina, Queen of Sweden|Christina]], who had ruled as the monarch of Sweden until her abdication in 1654 in favor of her cousin Charles, responds to the revocation in France of the Edict of Nantz and declares that Jews within Sweden will be under her protection.
* [[August 16]] &ndash; [[James II of England|King James VII]] of Scotland dismisses the [[Parliament of Scotland]] after the members refuse to remove restrictions on Roman Catholics and on Protestants outside of the Church of Scotland and the Church of England.  The Parliament does not meet again for more than two and a half years. 
* [[August 17]] &ndash; Spanish troops attack and plunder the Scottish colony of Stuarts Town in the [[Province of Carolina]] (now [[Port Royal, South Carolina]]) and plunder the city.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Worth |first1=John E. |title=The Struggle for the Georgia Coast |date=February 4, 2007 |publisher=University of Alabama Press |isbn=978-0-8173-5411-4 |page=164 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U5gWyZbNRaoC&q=august+17 |access-date=May 13, 2023 |language=en}}</ref> After three days, the Spaniards begin a march of over {{convert|75|mi}} toward the larger port city of [[Charleston, South Carolina|Charles Town]]. 
* [[September 2]] &ndash; [[Great Turkish War]]: [[Battle of Buda (1686)|Battle of Buda]] &ndash; Imperial forces of the [[Holy League (1684)|Holy League of 1684]] ([[Russian Empire|Russia]], [[Electorate of Saxony|Saxony]], [[Margraviate of Brandenburg|Brandenburg]] and [[Electorate of Bavaria|Bavaria]] under [[Austria]]n leadership) liberate [[Buda]] (now part of [[Budapest]]) from [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman Turkish]] rule (leading to the end of Ottoman rule in [[Kingdom of Hungary|Hungary]] during subsequent years).<ref>{{cite book |last1=Almási |first1=Gábor |title=A Divided Hungary in Europe: Exchanges, Networks and Representations, 1541-1699; Volume 3 – The Making and Uses of the Image of Hungary and Transylvania |date=January 12, 2015 |publisher=Cambridge Scholars Publishing |isbn=978-1-4438-7307-9 |page=170 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=__WmBgAAQBAJ&dq=%222+september+1686%22+buda&pg=PA170 |access-date=May 13, 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[September 4]] &ndash; A [[hurricane]] saves [[Charleston, South Carolina]] from attack by [[Spain|Spanish]] vessels.<ref>Vance A. Myers, ''Storm Tide Frequencies on the South Carolina Coast'', NOAA Technical Report NWS-16 (National Weather Service Office of Hydrology, June 1975) p. 15</ref>
* [[September 30]] &ndash; The Ottoman fortress of Sinj in Dalmatia falls to the army of the Republic of Venice.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Nazor |first1=Ante |title=PoljiËani u Morejskom ratu (1684.-1699.) |journal=Povijesni prilozi |date=January 21, 2001 |volume=20 |issue=21 |page=51 |url=https://hrcak.srce.hr/file/45077 |access-date=May 13, 2023|language=croatian}}</ref>