Editing Okinawan language (section)

====Particles (助詞)====
{| class="wikitable collapsible"
|+ Particles (助詞)
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! colspan=4 | Case markers (格助詞)
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| colspan=4 | Attaches to a substantive and marks the relationship between other words.
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! Okinawan !! Japanese !! Notes/English !! Example
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| {{Plainlist|
*{{nihongo|ぬ|nu}}
*{{nihongo|が|ga}}}}
| {{nihongo|が|ga}} || Nominative case. <br> Normally {{nihongo|ぬ|nu}}, but {{nihongo|が|ga}} is used for pronouns and names.
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* {{ruby-ja|犬|いん}}'''ぬ'''あびゆん。{{ruby-ja|我|わあ}}'''が'''あびゆん。
* 犬'''が'''吠える。私'''が'''喋る。
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| {{nihongo|ぬ|nu}} || {{nihongo|の|no}} || Genitive case; possessor.
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* {{ruby-ja|豚|うわー}}'''ぬ'''{{ruby-ja|肉|しし}}、{{ruby-ja|食|か}}みーねー、{{ruby-ja|体|からだ}}んかいましやん。
* 豚'''の'''肉を食べると体に良い。
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| Ø (''Archaic:'' {{nihongo3|ゆ|yu}}) || {{nihongo|を|wo}} || Accusative case. <br> Modern Okinawan does not use a direct object particle, like casual Japanese speech. "yu" exists mainly in old literary composition.
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| {{nihongo|っし|sshi}} || rowspan="2" | {{nihongo|で|de}} || rowspan="2" | Instrumental case; the means by which something is achieved.
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* バス'''っし'''{{nihongo3|行|い}}ちゃびら。
* バス'''で'''行こう。
* Let's go '''by''' bus.
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| {{nihongo|さーに|sāni}}
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* {{nihongo3|沖縄口|うちなーぐち}}'''さーに'''{{nihongo3|手紙|てぃがみ}}{{nihongo3|書|か}}ちゃん。
* 沖縄語'''で'''手紙を書いた。
* I wrote the letter '''in''' Okinawan.
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| {{nihongo|なかい|nakai}}・{{nihongo|んかい|nkai}} || {{nihongo|へ|e}}・{{nihongo3|に|ni}} || Dative case; indirect object, benefactor, goal of motion. 手段・方法
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* {{nihongo3|沖縄|うちなー}}'''んかい'''めんそーれー!
* 沖縄へようこそ！
* Welcome '''to''' Okinawa!
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| {{nihongo|をぅとーてぃ|wutōti}}・{{nihongo|をぅてぃ|wuti}} || <!--{{nihongo||}}--> || Locative case; marks the location where an action takes place, usually pertaining to an animate subject. Derives from the participle form of the verb をぅん wun "to be, to exist".
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* くま'''をぅとーてぃ'''{{nihongo3|憩|ゆくぃ}}{{nihongo3|欲|ぶ}}さん。
* ここ'''で'''休みたい。
* I want to rest ('''at''') here.
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| {{nihongo|やか|yaka}} || {{nihongo|より|yori}} || "as much as"; upper limit
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* {{nihongo3|彼|あり}}'''やか'''{{nihongo3|大和口|やまとぅぐち}}ぬ{{nihongo3|上手|じょおじ}}やあらん。
* 彼'''より'''日本語が上手ではない。
* My Japanese isn't '''as good as''' his.
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| {{nihongo|から|kara}} || {{nihongo|から|kara}} || Ablative case; source, cause.  起点
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| {{nihongo|なーりー|nārī}} || <!--{{nihongo||}}--> || 場所・位置
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| {{nihongo|んじ|nji}} || {{nihongo|で|de}} || 場所
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| {{nihongo|ん|n}} || <!--{{nihongo||}}--> || 所属等
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|-
| ぬ→「〜している」「〜である」「〜い・しい」pp459.
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| {{nihongo|とぅ|tu}} || {{nihongo|と|to}} || 相手
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| {{nihongo|んでぃ|ndi}} || {{nihongo|と|to}} || Quotative.
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| {{nihongo|に|ni}} || <!--{{nihongo|に|ni}}--> || 時・場所等
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! colspan=4 | Adverbial Particles (副助詞)
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! Okinawan !! Japanese !! Notes/English !! Example
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| {{nihongo|びけー|bikē}} || {{nihongo|だけ|dake}} || 
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| {{nihongo|びけーん|bikēn}} || {{nihongo|ばかり|bakari}} || "only; limit"
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* ローマ{{nihongo3|字|じ}}'''びけーん'''ぬ{{nihongo3|書物|すむち}}。
* ローマ字'''ばかり'''の書物。
* A [[romaji]] '''only''' book.
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| {{nihongo|だき|daki}} || {{nihongo|だけ|dake}} || 
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| {{nihongo|までぃ|madi}} || {{nihongo|まで|made}} || "up to, until, as far as"
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* くぬ{{nihongo3|電車|でんしゃ}}あ、{{nihongo3|首里|しゅい}}'''までぃ'''{{nihongo3|行|い}}ちゃびーん。{{nihongo3|帰|けー}}る'''までぃ'''{{nihongo3|待|ま}}ちょーいびーん。
* この電車は首里まで行く。帰る'''まで'''待つ。
* This train goes '''as far as''' Shuri. I'll wait '''until''' you come home.
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| {{nihongo|くれー|kurē}} || {{nihongo|ぐらい|gurai}} || "around, about, approximately"
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* {{nihongo3|十分|じっぷん}}'''くれー'''かかゆん。
* 十分'''ぐらい'''かかる。
* It will take '''about''' 10 minutes.
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| {{nihongo|ふどぅ|fudu}} || {{nihongo|ほど|hodo}} || 
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| {{nihongo|あたい|atai}} || {{nihongo|ぐらい|gurai}}等 || as much as; upper limit. 
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* うぬ{{nihongo3|建物|たてぃむの}}ー{{nihongo3|思|うむ}}ゆる'''あたい'''{{nihongo3|高|たか}}こーねーやびらん。
* あの建物は思う'''ぐらい'''高くないよ。
* That building is not '''as tall as''' you imagine it to be.
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| {{nihongo|んちょーん|nchōn}} || {{nihongo|さえ|sae}} || 
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| {{nihongo|うっさ|ussa}} || {{nihongo|だけ|dake}}等 || 
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| {{nihongo|うっぴ|uppi}} || {{nihongo|だけ|dake}}等 || 
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* {{nihongo3|寝|に}}んじ{{nihongo3|欲|ぶ}}しゃる'''うっぴ'''{{nihongo3|寝|に}}んでぃん{{nihongo3|済|す}}まびいん。
* 寝たい'''だけ'''寝ていいよ。
* You can sleep '''as much as''' you want.
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| {{nihongo|うひ|uhi}} || {{nihongo|だけ|dake}}等 || 
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| {{nihongo|さく|saku}} || {{nihongo|ほど|hodo}}、{{nihongo|だけ|dake}} || 
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! colspan=4 | Binding particles (係助詞)
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! Okinawan !! Japanese !! Notes/English !! Example
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| {{nihongo|や|ya}}
| rowspan=5 | {{nihongo|は|wa}} || rowspan = 5 | Topic particle for long vowels, proper nouns, or names.
For other nouns, the particle fuses with short vowels. a → ā, i → ē, u → ō, e → ē, o → ō, n → nō.
Pronoun 我ん (wan?) (I) becomes topicalized as 我んねー (wannē?) instead of 我んのー (wannō?) or 我んや (wan'ya?), although the latter does appear in some musical or literary works.
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| {{nihongo|あー|ā}}
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| {{nihongo|えー|ē}}
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| {{nihongo|おー|ō}}
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| {{nihongo|のー|nō}}
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| {{nihongo|ん|n}} || {{nihongo|も|mo}} || "Also"
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| {{nihongo|やてぃん|yatin}} || {{nihongo|でも|demo}} || "even, also in"
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* {{nihongo3|宇宙|うちゅー}}から'''やてぃん'''{{nihongo3|万里|まんり}}ぬ{{nihongo3|長城|ちょーじょー}}ぬ{{nihongo3|見|み}}いゆん。{{nihongo3|大和|やまとぅ}}'''やてぃん'''いんちりーん{{nihongo3|口|ぐち}}を{{nihongo3|勉強|びんちょー}}すん。
* 万里の長城は宇宙から'''でも'''見れる。日本'''でも'''英語を習う
* The Great Wall of China can '''even''' be seen from space. '''Also in''' Japan, we study English.
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| {{nihongo|がん|gan}} || {{nihongo|でも|demo}} || 
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| {{nihongo|ぬん|nun}} || {{nihongo|でも|demo}} || 
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| {{nihongo|しか|shika}} || {{nihongo|しか|shika}} || 
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| {{nihongo|てぃらむん|tiramun}} || {{nihongo|たるもの|tarumono}} || 
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| {{nihongo|とぅか|tuka}}
| {{Plainlist|
*{{nihongo|とか|toka}}
*{{nihongo|や|ya}}}}
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| {{nihongo|どぅ|du}}
| {{Plainlist|
*{{nihongo|ぞ|zo}}
*{{nihongo|こそ|koso}}}}
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| {{nihongo|る|ru}}
| {{Plainlist|
*{{nihongo|ぞ|zo}}
*{{nihongo|こそ|koso}}}}
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! colspan=4 | Sentence-ending particles (終助詞)
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! Okinawan !! Japanese !! Notes/English !! Example
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| {{nihongo|が|ga}}
{{nihongo3|やが|yaga}}
| {{nihongo|か|ka}} || Final interrogatory particle
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| {{nihongo|み|mi}} || {{nihongo|か|ka}} || Final interrogatory particle
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| {{nihongo|に|ni}} || <!--{{nihongo||}}--> || 可否疑問
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| {{nihongo|い|i}} || <!--{{nihongo||}}--> || 強調疑問
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| {{nihongo|がやー|gayā}} || {{nihongo|かな|kana}} || 
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| {{nihongo|さに|sani}} || {{nihongo|だろう|darō}} || 
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| {{nihongo|なー|nā}} || {{nihongo|の|no}} || Final particle expressing 問いかけ・念押し
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| {{nihongo|ばー|bā}} || <!--{{nihongo||}}--> || 軽い疑問
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| {{nihongo|どー|dō}}
| {{Plainlist|
*{{nihongo|ぞ|zo}}
*{{nihongo|よ|yo}}}}
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| {{nihongo|よ|yo}} || {{nihongo|よ|yo}} || 
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| {{nihongo|ふー|fū}} || <!--{{nihongo||}}--> || 軽く言う
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| {{nihongo|な|na}} || {{nihongo|な|na}} || Prohibitive
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| {{nihongo|え|e}} || <!--{{nihongo||}}--> || 命令
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| {{nihongo|さ|sa}} || {{nihongo|さ|sa}} || 
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| {{nihongo|でむね|demune}} || <!--{{nihongo||}}--> || 断定
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| {{nihongo|せー|sē}} || <!--{{nihongo||}}--> || 断定
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! colspan=4 | Interjectory Particles (間投助詞)
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! Okinawan !! Japanese !! Notes/English !! Example
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| {{nihongo|てー|tē}} || {{nihongo|ね|ne}}等 || 
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| {{Plainlist|
*{{nihongo|よ|yo}}
*{{nihongo|よお|yō}}}}
| {{Plainlist|
*{{nihongo|ね|ne}}
*{{nihongo|よ|yo}}等}}
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| {{Plainlist|
*{{nihongo|や|ya}}
*{{nihongo|やあ|yā}}}}
| {{Plainlist|
*{{nihongo|ぬ|nu}}
*{{nihongo|よ|yo}}等}}
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| {{nihongo|なー|nā}} || {{nihongo|ね|ne}}等 || 
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| {{nihongo|さり|sari}} || {{nihongo|ねえ|nē}}等 || 
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| {{nihongo|ひゃー|hyā}} || <!--{{nihongo||}}--> || 意外、軽蔑
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! colspan=4 | Conjunctive particles (接続助詞)
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