Editing Indonesian language (section)

=== Verbs ===
Verbs are not [[inflected language|inflected]] for person or number, and they are not marked for tense; tense is instead denoted by time adverbs (such as "yesterday") or by other tense indicators, such as ''sudah'' "already" and ''belum'' "not yet". On the other hand, there is a complex system of verb affixes to render nuances of meaning and to denote [[voice (grammar)|voice]] or intentional and accidental [[grammatical mood|moods]]. Some of these affixes are ignored in colloquial speech.

Examples of these are the prefixes ''di-'' ([[Austronesian alignment|patient focus]], traditionally called "passive voice", with OVA word order in the third person, and OAV in the first or second persons), ''meng-'' ([[Austronesian alignment|agent focus]], traditionally called "active voice", with AVO word order), ''memper-'' and ''diper-'' ([[causative]], agent and patient focus), ''ber-'' ([[stative verb|stative]] or habitual; intransitive VS order), and ''ter-'' (agentless actions, such as those which are involuntary, sudden, stative or accidental, for VA = VO order); the suffixes ''-kan'' (causative or [[benefactive]]) and ''-i'' (locative, repetitive, or exhaustive); and the circumfixes ''ber-...-an'' ([[pluractionality|plural subject, diffuse action]]) and ''ke-...-an'' (unintentional or potential action or state).

* ''duduk'' to sit down
* ''mendudukkan'' to sit someone down, give someone a seat, to appoint
* ''menduduki'' to sit on, to occupy
* ''didudukkan'' to be given a seat, to be appointed
* ''diduduki'' to be sat on, to be occupied
* ''terduduk'' to sink down, to come to sit
* ''kedudukan'' to be situated

Forms in ''ter-'' and ''ke-...-an'' are often equivalent to adjectives in English.

==== Negation ====
Four words are used for negation in Indonesian, namely ''tidak'', ''bukan'', ''jangan'', and ''belum''.

* '''''Tidak''''' (not), often shortened to '''''tak''''', is used for the negation of verbs and "adjectives".
* '''''Bukan''''' (be-not) is used in the negation of a noun.
For example:
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Indonesian
!Gloss
!English
|-
|''Saya '''tidak''' tahu'' (Saya '''gak/ngga''' tahu(informal))
|I '''not''' know
|I do '''not''' know
|-
|''Ibu saya '''tidak''' senang'' (Ibu saya '''gak/ngga''' senang(informal))
|mother I '''not''' be-happy
|My mother is '''not''' happy
|-
|''Itu '''bukan''' anjing saya''
|that '''be-not''' dog I
|That '''is not''' my dog
|}

==== Prohibition ====
For negating imperatives or advising against certain actions in Indonesian, the word ''jangan'' (do not) is used before the verb. For example,
*  '''''Jangan''''' tinggalkan saya di sini!
:'''Don't''' leave me here!
*  '''''Jangan''''' lakukan itu!
:'''Don't''' do that!
*  '''''Jangan'''''! Itu tidak bagus untukmu.
:'''Don't!''' That's not good for you.