Editing Rubus (section)

=== Modern classification ===
''Rubus'' is the only genus in the tribe Rubeae.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Chen |first1=Xun |last2=Li |first2=Jinlu |last3=Cheng |first3=Tao |last4=Zhang |first4=Wen |last5=Liu |first5=Yanlei |last6=Wu |first6=Ping |last7=Yang |first7=Xueying |last8=Wang |first8=Ling |last9=Zhou |first9=Shiliang |date=February 2020 |title=Molecular systematics of Rosoideae (Rosaceae) |url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00606-020-01629-z |journal=Plant Systematics and Evolution |language=en |volume=306 |issue=1 |page=9 |doi=10.1007/s00606-020-01629-z |bibcode=2020PSyEv.306....9C |issn=0378-2697}}</ref>

''Rubus'' is very complex, particularly within the [[blackberry]]/[[dewberry]] [[subgenus]] (''Rubus''), with polyploidy, [[Hybrid (biology)|hybridization]], and facultative [[apomixis]] apparently all frequently occurring, making species [[Taxonomy (biology)|classification]] of the great variation in the subgenus one of the grand challenges of [[systematic botany]]. In publications between 1910 and 1914, German botanist [[Wilhelm Olbers Focke]] attempted to organize the genus into 12 subgenera, a classification system that since became widely accepted, though modern genetic studies have found that many of these subgenera are not [[monophyletic]].<ref name=":0" />

Some treatments have recognized dozens of species each for what other, comparably qualified botanists have considered single, more variable species. On the other hand, species in the other ''Rubus'' subgenera (such as the [[raspberries]]) are generally distinct, or else involved in more routine one-or-a-few taxonomic debates, such as whether the European and American red raspberries are better treated as one species or two (in this case, the two-species view is followed here, with ''[[Rubus idaeus|R.&nbsp;idaeus]]'' and ''[[Rubus strigosus|R.&nbsp;strigosus]]'' both recognized; if these species are combined, then the older name ''R.&nbsp;idaeus'' has priority for the broader species).

The classification presented below recognizes 13 subgenera within ''Rubus'', with the largest subgenus (''Rubus'') in turn divided into 12 [[Section (botany)|sections]]. Representative examples are presented, but many more species are not mentioned here. A&nbsp;comprehensive 2019 study found subgenera ''Orobatus'' and ''Anoplobatus'' to be [[monophyletic]], while all other subgenera to be [[paraphyletic]] or [[polyphyletic]].<ref name="Carter-2019">{{Cite journal |last1=Carter |first1=Katherine A. |last2=Liston |first2=Aaron |last3=Bassil |first3=Nahla V. |last4=Alice |first4=Lawrence A. |last5=Bushakra |first5=Jill M. |last6=Sutherland |first6=Brittany L. |last7=Mockler |first7=Todd C. |last8=Bryant |first8=Douglas W. |last9=Hummer |first9=Kim E. |date=2019-12-20 |title=Target Capture Sequencing Unravels Rubus Evolution |journal=Frontiers in Plant Science |volume=10 |pages=1615 |doi=10.3389/fpls.2019.01615 |issn=1664-462X |pmc=6933950 |pmid=31921259 |doi-access=free|bibcode=2019FrPS...10.1615C }}</ref>