Editing Indonesian language (section)

=== Classical Malay of Riau-Lingga ===
Standard Indonesian is a [[standard language]] of "Riau Malay",<ref name="Indonesian Embassy: Astana">{{cite web |url=http://kbri-astana.kz/id/print/10-bahasa_dan_dialek.html |title=Bahasa dan dialek |publisher=Republic of Indonesia Embassy in Astana |language=id |ref=Dari sudut pandang linguistik, bahasa Indonesia adalah salah satu dari banyak ragam bahasa Melayu. Dasar yang dipakai adalah bahasa Melayu Riau (wilayah Kepulauan Riau sekarang) dari abad ke-19. |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130501173049/http://kbri-astana.kz/id/print/10-bahasa_dan_dialek.html |archive-date=1 May 2013  }}</ref><ref name="Melayu Online">{{cite web|url=http://melayuonline.com/ind/culture/dig/1349/bahasa-melayu-riau-dan-bahasa-nasional|title=Bahasa Melayu Riau dan Bahasa Nasional|publisher=Melayu Online|access-date=29 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111122024301/http://melayuonline.com/ind/culture/dig/1349/bahasa-melayu-riau-dan-bahasa-nasional|archive-date=22 November 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> which despite its common name is not based on the vernacular Malay dialects of the [[Riau Islands]], but rather represents a form of [[Classical Malay]] as used in the 19th and early 20th centuries in the [[Riau-Lingga Sultanate]]. Classical Malay had emerged as a literary language in the royal courts along both shores of the [[Strait of Malacca]], including the [[Johor Sultanate]] and [[Malacca Sultanate]].<ref name="Abas 1987 26–28"/><ref name="Sneddon"/><ref name="Nothofer 2009 677–680"/> The period of Classical Malay started when [[Islam]] gained its foothold in the region and the elevation of its status to a [[state religion]]. As a result of [[Islamisation]] and growth in trade with the [[Muslim world]], this era witnessed the penetration of [[Arabic language|Arabic]] and [[Persian language|Persian]] vocabulary as well as the integration of major [[Islamic culture]]s with local Malay culture. The earliest instances of Arabic lexicons incorporated in the pre-Classical Malay written in Kawi was found in the [[Minye Tujoh inscription]] dated 1380 CE from [[Aceh]] in [[Sumatra]]. Nevertheless, pre-Classical Malay took on a more radical form more than half a century earlier as attested in the 1303 CE [[Terengganu Inscription Stone]] as well as the 1468 CE [[Pengkalan Kempas|Pengkalan Kempas Inscription]], both from the Malay Peninsula. Both inscriptions not only serve as the evidence of Islam as a state religion but also as the oldest surviving specimen of the dominant classical [[Orthography|orthographic]] form, the [[Jawi script]]. Similar inscriptions containing various adopted Arabic terms with some of them still written the Indianised scripts were also discovered in other parts of Sumatra and Borneo.<ref>{{harvnb|Collins|1998|pp=12–15}}</ref><ref name="Abdul Rashid 2006 29">{{harvnb|Abdul Rashid|Amat Juhari|2006|p=29}}</ref>