Editing Gentiana (section)

===Pharmacological uses===
[[Great yellow gentian]] (''Gentiana lutea'') is used in [[herbal medicine]] for digestive problems, fever, [[hypertension]], [[muscle spasm]]s, [[parasitic worm]]s, wounds, cancer, sinusitis, and [[malaria]],<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.webmd.com/vitamins-supplements/ingredientmono-716-GENTIAN.aspx?activeIngredientId=716&activeIngredientName=GENTIAN | title = Gentian  | work = WebMD }}</ref> although studies have shown minimal efficacy beyond that of a [[placebo]] with regard to the treatment of anxiety and ADHD in children.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Ernst E | title = Bach flower remedies: a systematic review of randomised clinical trials | journal = [[Swiss Medical Weekly]] | volume = 140 | pages = w13079 | date = August 2010 | pmid = 20734279 | doi = 10.4414/smw.2010.13079 | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref name="WalachRilling">{{cite journal | vauthors = Walach H, Rilling C, Engelke U | title = Efficacy of Bach-flower remedies in test anxiety: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial with partial crossover | journal = Journal of Anxiety Disorders | volume = 15 | issue = 4 | pages = 359–66 | year = 2001 | pmid = 11474820 | doi = 10.1016/S0887-6185(01)00069-X }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Pintov S, Hochman M, Livne A, Heyman E, Lahat E | title = Bach flower remedies used for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children—a prospective double blind controlled study | journal = European Journal of Paediatric Neurology | volume = 9 | issue = 6 | pages = 395–8 | year = 2005 | pmid = 16257245 | doi = 10.1016/j.ejpn.2005.08.001 }}</ref> Gentian has been shown to manage [[dyspepsia]] by eliciting [[Cephalic phase|cephalic]] responses that increase [[vascular resistance]] and reduce the workload of the heart during digestion.<ref name="McMullen_2015">{{cite journal | vauthors = McMullen MK, Whitehouse JM, Towell A | title = Bitters: Time for a New Paradigm | journal = Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine | volume = 2015 | pages = 670504 | date = 2015 | pmid = 26074998 | pmc = 4446506 | doi = 10.1155/2015/670504 | doi-access = free }}</ref>

''Gentiana punctata'' leaves and roots have been used in traditional Austrian medicine internally and externally as liqueur or tea for disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, skin, locomotor system, liver, and bile, and for pediatric problems, fever, flu, rheumatism, and gout.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Vogl S, Picker P, Mihaly-Bison J, Fakhrudin N, Atanasov AG, Heiss EH, Wawrosch C, Reznicek G, Dirsch VM, Saukel J, Kopp B | title = Ethnopharmacological in vitro studies on Austria's folk medicine—an unexplored lore in vitro anti-inflammatory activities of 71 Austrian traditional herbal drugs | journal = Journal of Ethnopharmacology | volume = 149 | issue = 3 | pages = 750–71 | date = October 2013 | pmid = 23770053 | pmc = 3791396 | doi = 10.1016/j.jep.2013.06.007 }}</ref>

''[[Gentiana purpurea]]'', ''[[Gentiana punctata]]'', and ''[[Gentiana pannonica]]'' are used to produce [[gentian schnapps]], traditionally used as a digestive aid. In [[Ayurvedic medicine]] the endangered Indian gentian ''[[Gentiana kurroo]]'' has been used as a medical herb, but has been replaced with the Himalayan plant ''[[Picrorhiza kurroa]],'' or ''[[Picrorhiza scrophulariiflora]]'' from [[traditional Chinese medicine]].