Editing Latin grammar (section)

==Numerals and numbers==
{{Main|Latin numerals}}

The first three numbers have masculine, feminine and neuter forms fully declined as follows:{{sfn|Kennedy|1962|p=45}}

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! class=unsortable|Declension
! class=unsortable|''1 m''
! class=unsortable|''f''
! class=unsortable|''n''
! class=unsortable|
! class=unsortable|''2 m''
! class=unsortable|''f''
! class=unsortable|''n''
! class=unsortable|
! class=unsortable|''3 mf''
! class=unsortable|''n''
! class=unsortable|
! Br
! GL
! Wh
|-
| Nominative
| '''{{lang|la|ūnus|italic=no}}''' || '''{{lang|la|ūna|italic=no}}''' || '''{{lang|la|ūnum|italic=no}}''' || || '''{{lang|la|duo|italic=no}}''' ||'''{{lang|la|duae|italic=no}}''' || '''{{lang|la|duo|italic=no}}''' || ||'''{{lang|la|trēs|italic=no}}'''||'''{{lang|la|tria|italic=no}}'''|| ||  1 || 1 || 1
|-
| Vocative
| '''{{lang|la|ūne|italic=no}}''' || '''{{lang|la|ūna|italic=no}}''' || '''{{lang|la|ūnum|italic=no}}''' || || '''{{lang|la|duo|italic=no}}''' ||'''{{lang|la|duae|italic=no}}''' || '''{{lang|la|duo|italic=no}}''' || ||'''{{lang|la|trēs|italic=no}}'''||'''{{lang|la|tria|italic=no}}'''|| ||  2 || 5 || 6
|-
| Accusative
| '''{{lang|la|ūnum|italic=no}}''' || '''{{lang|la|ūnam|italic=no}}''' || '''{{lang|la|ūnum|italic=no}}''' || || '''{{lang|la|duōs/duo|italic=no}}''' ||'''{{lang|la|duās|italic=no}}''' || '''{{lang|la|duo|italic=no}}''' || ||'''{{lang|la|trēs/trīs|italic=no}}'''||'''{{lang|la|tria|italic=no}}'''|| ||  3 || 4 || 4
|-
| Genitive
| '''{{lang|la|ūnīus/-ius|italic=no}}''' ||'''{{lang|la|ūnīus|italic=no}}''' ||'''{{lang|la|ūnīus|italic=no}}'''|| || '''{{lang|la|duōrum|italic=no}}''' ||'''{{lang|la|duārum|italic=no}}''' || '''{{lang|la|duōrum|italic=no}}''' || ||'''{{lang|la|trium|italic=no}}'''||'''{{lang|la|trium|italic=no}}'''|| ||  4 || 2 || 2
|-
| Dative
| '''{{lang|la|ūnī|italic=no}}''' || '''{{lang|la|ūnī|italic=no}}''' || '''{{lang|la|ūnī|italic=no}}''' || || '''{{lang|la|duōbus|italic=no}}''' ||'''{{lang|la|duābus|italic=no}}''' || '''{{lang|la|duōbus|italic=no}}''' || ||'''{{lang|la|tribus|italic=no}}'''||'''{{lang|la|tribus|italic=no}}'''|| ||  5 || 3 || 3
|-
| Ablative
| '''{{lang|la|ūnō|italic=no}}''' || '''{{lang|la|ūnā|italic=no}}''' || '''{{lang|la|ūnō|italic=no}}''' || || '''{{lang|la|duōbus|italic=no}}''' ||'''{{lang|la|duābus|italic=no}}''' || '''{{lang|la|duōbus|italic=no}}''' || ||'''{{lang|la|tribus|italic=no}}'''||'''{{lang|la|tribus|italic=no}}'''|| ||  6 || 6 || 5
|-
|}

{{lang|la|ūnus}} (one) can also be used in the plural, with plural-only nouns, e.g. {{lang|la|ūna castra}} "one camp", {{lang|la|ūnae litterae}} "one letter". For larger numbers plural-only nouns use special numerals: {{lang|la|bīna castra}} "two camps", {{lang|la|trīna castra}} "three camps". (See [[Latin numerals]].)

The numbers {{lang|la|quattuor}} (four) through {{lang|la|decem}} (ten) are not declined:
:{{lang|la|quattuor}} (4)
:{{lang|la|quīnque}} (5)
:{{lang|la|sex}} (6)
:{{lang|la|septem}} (7)
:{{lang|la|octō}} (8)
:{{lang|la|novem}} (9)
:{{lang|la|decem}} (10)

The "tens" numbers are also not declined:
:{{lang|la|vīgintī}} (20)
:{{lang|la|trīgintā}} (30)
:{{lang|la|quadrāgintā}} (40)
:{{lang|la|quīnquāgintā}} (50)
:{{lang|la|sexāgintā}} (60)
:{{lang|la|septuāgintā}} (70)
:{{lang|la|octōgintā}} (80)
:{{lang|la|nōnāgintā}} (90)

The numbers 11 to 17 are formed by affixation of the corresponding digit to the base {{lang|la|-decim}}, hence {{lang|la|ūndecim, duodecim, tredecim, quattuordecim, quīndecim, sēdecim, septendecim}}. The numbers 18 and 19 are formed by subtracting 2 and 1, respectively, from 20: {{lang|la|duodēvīgintī}} and {{lang|la|ūndēvīgintī}}. For the numbers 21 to 27, the digits either follow or are added to 20 by the conjunction {{lang|la|et}}: {{lang|la|vīgintī ūnus}} or {{lang|la|ūnus et vīgintī, vīgintī duo}} or {{lang|la|duo et vīgintī}} etc. The numbers 28 and 29 are again formed by subtraction: {{lang|la|duodētrīgintā}} and {{lang|la|ūndētrīgintā}}. Each group of ten numerals through 100 follows the patterns of the 20s but 98 is {{lang|la|nōnāgintā octō}} and 99 is {{lang|la|nōnāgintā novem}} rather than *{{lang|la|duodēcentum}} and *{{lang|la|ūndēcentum}} respectively.

Compounds ending in 1 2 and 3 are the only ones to decline:
:I saw 20 blackbirds = {{lang|la|vīgintī merulās vīdī}}
:I saw 22 blackbirds = {{lang|la|vīgintī duās merulās vīdī}} (where {{lang|la|duās}} changes to agree with {{lang|la|merulās}})

The "hundreds" numbers are the following:
:{{lang|la|centum}} (indeclinable)
:{{lang|la|ducentī, -ae, -a}}  (200)
:{{lang|la|trecentī, -ae, -a}}  (300)
:{{lang|la|quadringentī, -ae, -a}}  (400)
:{{lang|la|quīngentī, -ae, -a}}  (500)
:{{lang|la|sēscentī, -ae, -a}}  (600)
:{{lang|la|septingentī, -ae, -a}}  (700)
:{{lang|la|octingentī, -ae, -a}}  (800)
:{{lang|la|nōngentī, -ae, -a}}  (900)

However, 1000 is {{lang|la|mille}}, an indeclinable adjective, but multiples such as {{lang|la|duo mīlia}} (2000) have {{lang|la|mīlia}} as a neuter plural substantive followed by a partitive genitive:
:I saw a thousand lions = {{lang|la|mīlle leōnēs vīdī}}
:I saw three thousand lions = {{lang|la|tria mīlia leōnum vīdī}}

Ordinal numbers are all adjectives with regular first- and second-declension endings. Most are built off of the stems of cardinal numbers (for example, {{lang|la|trīcēsimus, -a, -um}} (30th) from {{lang|la|trīgintā}} (30), {{lang|la|sēscentēsimus, -a, -um}} {{lang|la|nōnus, -a, -um}} (609th) for {{lang|la|sēscentī novem}} (609). However, "first" is {{lang|la|prīmus, -a, -um}}, and "second" is {{lang|la|secundus, -a, -um}} (literally "following" the first; {{lang|la|sequi}} means "to follow").