Editing Umbrian language (section)

==== Endings ====
Verbs in Umbrian are inflected for the following categories:{{sfn|Wallace|2007|p=27}}
* [[Grammatical tense|Tense]] (present, future, perfect, and future perfect)
* [[Grammatical voice|Voice]] (active, deponent/passive)
* [[Grammatical mood|Mood]] (indicative, imperative, subjunctive)
* [[Grammatical person|Person]] (1st, 2nd, 3rd)
* [[Grammatical number|Number]] (singular, plural)

Present, future and future perfect forms in the active voice use the following set of personal endings (primary):{{sfn|Buck|1904|p=151}}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! !! Singular !! Plural
|-
! 1st 
|| ''-ō'' || 
|-
! 2nd  
|| ''-s'' ||
|-
! 3rd 
|| ''-t'' || ''-nt''
|}

Perfect indicative and all tenses of the subjunctive in the active voice use a different set of endings (secondary):{{sfn|Buck|1904|p=151}}

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! !! Singular !! Plural
|-
! 1st 
|| ''-m'' || 
|-
! 2nd  
|| ''-s'' ||
|-
! 3rd 
|| ''-∅'' || ''-ns''
|}

Passive endings are attested only for the 3rd person: singular primary ''-ter'', singular secondary ''-(n)tur'', plural ''-endi''.{{sfn|Wallace|2007|p=28}}

Perfect stems are derived from the present stem in different ways. Latin ''-vī-'' perfects are not attested in Umbrian.{{sfn|Buck|1904|p=169}} Instead, Umbrian uses its own set of forms, including reduplicated perfects such as ''dede'' 'gave', the -s- suffix, as in ''sesu-s-t'' 'will have sat', and the ''-nçi-'' suffix, as in ''purdi-nçi-ust'' 'will have presented'. Some verbs also use suppletive forms.{{sfn|Wallace|2007|p=29}}

Other tenses are formed by suffixation:{{sfn|Wallace|2007|p=30}}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Mood !! Tense !! Stem !! Suffix !! Example
|-
| rowspan=2 | Indicative || Future || Present || ''-(e)s-'' || ''prupeha-s-t'' 'piabit'{{sfn|Buck|1904|p=160}}
|-
| Future perfect || Perfect || ''-us-'' || '''fak-us-t''''{{sfn|Buck|1904|p=158}}
|-
| rowspan=2 | Subjunctive || Present || Present || ''-iā-'' (for a-stems), ''-ā-'' (for other stems) || '''habi-a'' 'should hold'
|-
| Perfect || Perfect || ''-ē-'' || '''heriiei'''{{sfn|Buck|1904|p=159}}
|}

The following non-finite forms are attested (all of them are based on the present stem):{{sfn|Wallace|2007|p=33}}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Form !! Suffix !! Example
|-
| Present active participle || ''-nt-'' || '''kutef''' 'murmuring' (''-f'' < *''-ns'' < *''-nts'')
|-
| Past participle || ''-to-'' || '''çersnatur''' 'having dined' (Nom.pl. masc.)
|-
| Present active infinitive || ''-om'' || ''er-om'' 'to be'
|-
| Present passive infinitive || ''-fi''/''-fir'' || ''piha-fi'' 'to be expiated'
|-
| Supine || ''-to(m)'' || ''aseriato'' 'for the purpose of observing'
|-
| Gerundive || ''-nno-'' || ''pihaner'' 'purify' (Gen.sg. masc.) 
|}