Editing List of Chinese monarchs (section)

===Sixteen Kingdoms (304–439)===
{{further|Sixteen Kingdoms}}

{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center; width:100%;"
|+ [[Cheng Han]] (成漢; 304–347){{sfn|Adamek|2017|p=341}} 
|-
! scope="col" width="15%" | Personal name
! scope="col" width="15%" | Posthumous name
! scope="col" width="25%" | Reign
! scope="col" width="15%" | Succession
! scope="col" width="30%" | Life details
|-
| '''[[Li Xiong]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|李雄}}
| Emperor Wu<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|武皇帝}}
| 304–334<br/><small>({{Age in years|304|334}} years)</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list
| titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal
| title = Era(s)
| expand = 
| <hr/> 
* '''Jianxing''' ({{lang|zh-hant|建興}}) 304–306
* '''Yanping''' ({{lang|zh-hant|晏平}}) 306–311
* '''Yuheng''' ({{lang|zh-hant|玉衡}}) 311–334
}}</small>
| Son of rebel [[Li Te (Cheng Han)|Li Te]], proclaimed himself King in 304 and then Emperor in 306
| 274–334<br/><small>(aged 59–60)</small>
----Died of disease{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1p=309|2a1=Dien|2pp=150–153|2y=2019|2a2=Knapp}}
|-
| '''[[Li Ban]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|李班}}
| Emperor Ai<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|哀皇帝}}
| 334<br/><small>(less than a year)</small>
| Nephew of [[Li Xiong]]
| 274–334<br/><small>(aged 59–60)</small>
----Killed by [[Li Qi (emperor)|Li Qi]]{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1p=292|2a1=Dien|2y=2019|2a2=Knapp|2p=153}}
|-
| '''[[Li Qi (emperor)|Li Qi]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|李期}}
| Duke You<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|幽公}}
| 334–338<br/><small>({{Age in years|334|338}} years)</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list
| titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal
| title = Era(s)
| expand = 
| <hr/> 
* '''Yuheng''' ({{lang|zh-hant|玉恆}}) 335–338
}}</small>
| Son of [[Li Xiong]]
| 314–338<br/><small>(aged 23–24)</small>
----Committed suicide{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1pp=301–302|2a1=Dien|2pp=153–154|2y=2019|2a2=Knapp}}
|-
| '''[[Li Shou]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|李壽}}
| Emperor Xiaowen<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|昭文皇帝}}
| 338–343<br/><small>({{Age in years|338|343}} years)</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list
| titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal
| title = Era(s)
| expand = 
| <hr/> 
* '''Hanxing''' ({{lang|zh-hant|漢興}}) 338–344
}}</small>
| Nephew of [[Li Te (Cheng Han)|Li Te]], usurped power from Li Qi and renamed the state from "Cheng” to “Han”
| 300–343<br/><small>(aged 42–43)</small>
----Died of natural causes{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1pp=301–302|2a1=Dien|2pp=153–154|2y=2019|2a2=Knapp}}
|-
| '''[[Li Shi (emperor)|Li Shi]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|李勢}}
| Marquess of Guiyi<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|歸義侯}}
| 343–347<br/><small>({{Age in years|343|347}} years)</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list
| titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal
| title = Era(s)
| expand = 
| <hr/> 
* '''Taihe''' ({{lang|zh-hant|太和}}) 343–346
* '''Jianing''' ({{lang|zh-hant|嘉寧}}) 346–347
}}</small>
| Son of [[Li Shou]]
| Abdicated to [[Huan Wen]] after the fall of Cheng in 347. Died of natural causes in 361 in the [[Eastern Jin]] capital{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1pp=301–302|2a1=Dien|2pp=153–154|2y=2019|2a2=Knapp}}
|}

{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center; width:100%;"
|+ [[Former Zhao|Han-Zhao]] (漢趙; 304–319) / [[Former Zhao]] (前趙; 319–329){{sfnm|1a1=Adamek|1y=2017|1p=341|2a1=Dien|2a2=Knapp|2y=2019|2p=xix}}
|-
! scope="col" width="15%" | Personal name
! scope="col" width="15%" | Posthumous name
! scope="col" width="25%" | Reign
! scope="col" width="15%" | Succession
! scope="col" width="30%" | Life details
|-
| '''[[Liu Yuan (Han Zhao)|Liu Yuan]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|劉淵}}
| Emperor Guangwen<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|光文皇帝}}
| 304–310<br/><small>({{Age in years|304|310}} years)</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list
| titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal
| title = Era(s)
| expand = 
| <hr/> 
* '''Yuanxi''' ({{lang|zh-hant|元熙}}) 304–308
* '''Yongfeng''' ({{lang|zh-hant|永鳳}}) 308–309
* '''Herui''' ({{lang|zh-hant|河瑞}}) 309–310
}}</small>
| Rebelled against the Jin dynasty. Proclaimed himself King of Han in 304 and Emperor in 308
| {{circa|}} 250–310<br/><small>(aged approx. 60)</small>
----Died of natural causes{{sfn|Xiong|2009|pp=328–330}}
|-
| '''[[Liu He (Han Zhao)|Liu He]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|劉和}}
| –
| 310<br/><small>(less than a year)</small>
| Son of [[Liu Yuan (Han Zhao)|Liu Yuan]]
| Killed by his brother Liu Cong{{sfn|Xiong|2009|pp=322–324}}
|-
| '''[[Liu Cong (Han Zhao)|Liu Cong]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|劉聰}}
| Emperor Zhaowu<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|昭武皇帝}}
| 310–318<br/><small>({{Age in years|310|318}} years)</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list
| titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal
| title = Era(s)
| expand = 
| <hr/> 
* '''Guangxing''' ({{lang|zh-hant|光興}}) 310–311
* '''Jiaping''' ({{lang|zh-hant|嘉平}}) 311–315
* '''Jianyuan''' ({{lang|zh-hant|建元}}) 315–316
* '''Linjia''' ({{lang|zh-hant|麟嘉}}) 316–318
}}</small>
| Son of [[Liu Yuan (Han Zhao)|Liu Yuan]]
| Died of natural causes in 318{{sfn|Xiong|2009|pp=322–324}}
|-
| '''[[Liu Can]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|劉粲}}
| Emperor Yin<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|隱皇帝}}
| 318<br/><small>(less than a year)</small>
| Son of [[Liu Cong (Han Zhao)|Liu Cong]]
| Killed by officer [[Jin Zhun]] in 318{{sfn|Xiong|2009|pp=322–324}}
|-
| '''[[Liu Yao]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|劉曜}}
| –
| 318–329<br/><small>({{Age in years|318|329}} years)</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list
| titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal
| title = Era(s)
| expand = 
| <hr/> 
* '''Guangchu''' ({{lang|zh-hant|光初}}) 318–329
}}</small>
| Nephew of [[Liu Yuan (Han Zhao)|Liu Yuan]], changed the dynastic title from "Han" to "Zhao"
| Ended the [[Jin dynasty (266–420)|Western Jin]] in 316. Captured and killed by [[Shi Le]] of [[Later Zhao]]{{sfn|Xiong|2009|pp=328–330}}
|}

{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center; width:100%;"
|+ [[Later Zhao]] (後趙; 319–351)
|-
! scope="col" width="15%" | Personal name
! scope="col" width="15%" | Posthumous name
! scope="col" width="25%" | Reign
! scope="col" width="15%" | Succession
! scope="col" width="30%" | Life details
|-
| '''[[Shi Le]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|石勒}}
| Emperor Ming<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|明皇帝}}
| 319–333<br/><small>({{Age in years|319|333}} years)</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list
| titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal
| title = Era(s)
| expand =| <hr/> 
* '''Zhaowang''' ({{lang|zh-hant|趙王}}) 319–328
* '''Taihe''' ({{lang|zh-hant|太和}}) 328–330
* '''Jianping''' ({{lang|zh-hant|建平}}) 330–333
}}</small>
| Rebelled with [[Ji Sang]] during the [[War of the Eight Princes]]. Proclaimed himself King of Zhao in 319 and then Emperor in 330
| 374–333<br/><small>(aged 58–59)</small>
----Ended the [[Former Zhao]] in 329. Died of natural causes{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1pp=449–452|2a1=Dien|2pp=127–130|2y=2019|2a2=Knapp}}
|-
| '''[[Shi Hong]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|石弘}}
| –
| 333–334<br/><small>({{Age in years|333|334}} years)</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list
| titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal
| title = Era(s)
| expand =| <hr/> 
* '''Yanxi''' ({{lang|zh-hant|延熙}}) 334
}}</small>
| Son of [[Shi Le]]
| 313–334<br/><small>(aged 20–21)</small>
----Deposed and killed by [[Shi Hu]]{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1pp=449–452|2a1=Dien|2pp=127–130|2y=2019|2a2=Knapp}}
|-
| '''[[Shi Hu]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|石虎}}
| Emperor Wu<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|武皇帝}}
| 334–349<br/><small>({{Age in years|334|349}} years)</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list
| titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal
| title = Era(s)
| expand =| <hr/> 
* '''Jianwu''' ({{lang|zh-hant|建武}}) 335–349
* '''Taining''' ({{lang|zh-hant|太寧}}) 349
}}</small>
| Nephew of [[Shi Le]], usurped power from [[Shi Hong]] in 334. Ruled as [[Heavenly King]] until 349
| 295–349<br/><small>(aged 53–54)</small>
----Died of natural causes{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1pp=449–452|2a1=Dien|2pp=127–130|2y=2019|2a2=Knapp}}
|-
| '''[[Shi Shi (emperor)|Shi Shi]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|石世}}
| –
| 349<br/><small>(less than a year)</small>
| Son of [[Shi Hu]]
| 339–349<br/><small>(aged 9–10)</small>
----Murdered{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1pp=449–452|2a1=Dien|2pp=127–130|2y=2019|2a2=Knapp}}
|-
| '''[[Shi Zun]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|石遵}}
| –
| 349<br/><small>(less than a year)</small>
| Son of [[Shi Hu]]
| Killed by [[Ran Min]]{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1pp=449–452|2a1=Dien|2pp=127–130|2y=2019|2a2=Knapp}}
|-
| '''[[Shi Jian]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|石鑒}}
| –
| 349–350<br/><small>({{Age in years|349|350}} years)</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list
| titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal
| title = Era(s)
| expand =| <hr/> 
* '''Qinglong''' ({{lang|zh-hant|青龍}}) 350
}}</small>
| Son of [[Shi Hu]], enthroned by [[Ran Min]]
| Killed by [[Ran Min]]{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1pp=449–452|2a1=Dien|2pp=127–130|2y=2019|2a2=Knapp}}
|-
| '''[[Shi Zhi]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|石祇}}
| –
| 350–351<br/><small>({{Age in years|350|351}} years)</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list
| titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal
| title = Era(s)
| expand =| <hr/> 
* '''Yongning''' ({{lang|zh-hant|永寧}}) 350–351
}}</small>
| Son of [[Shi Hu]]
| Gave up the imperial title in 351, later killed by a subordinate officer{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1pp=449–452|2a1=Dien|2pp=127–130|2y=2019|2a2=Knapp}}
|}

{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center; width:100%;"
|+ [[Former Liang]] (前涼; 320–376){{sfn|Adamek|2017|pp=342–343}}
|-
! scope="col" width="15%" | Personal name
! scope="col" width="15%" | Posthumous name
! scope="col" width="25%" | Reign
! scope="col" width="15%" | Succession
! scope="col" width="30%" | Life details
|-
| '''[[Zhang Mao]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|張茂}}
| Duke Cheng<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|成公}}
| 320–324<br/><small>({{Age in years|320|324}} years)</small>
| Son of governor [[Zhang Gui]]
| 377–324<br/><small>(aged 52–53)</small>
----Made vassal of [[Former Zhao]] in 323. Died of natural causes{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1pp=663–668|2a1=Dien|2y=2019|2a2=Knapp|2p=133}}
|-
| '''[[Zhang Jun (prince)|Zhang Jun]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|張駿}}
| Duke Zhongcheng<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|忠成公}}
| 324–346<br/><small>({{Age in years|324|346}} years)</small>
| Son of governor [[Zhang Shi (Former Liang)|Zhang Shi]]
| 307–346<br/><small>(aged 38–39)</small>
----Died of natural causes{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1pp=663–668}}
|-
| '''[[Zhang Chonghua]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|張重華}}
| Duke Huan<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|桓公}}
| 346–353<br/><small>({{Age in years|346|353}} years)</small>
| Son of Zhang Jun, didn't assume the dynastic title until 349
| 327–353<br/><small>(aged 25–26)</small>
----Died of natural causes{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1p=661}}
|-
| '''[[Zhang Yaoling]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|張曜靈}}
| Duke Ai<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|哀公}}
| 353<br/><small>(less than a year)</small>
| Son of [[Zhang Chonghua]]
| 344–355<br/><small>(aged 25–26)</small>
----Killed by [[Zhang Zuo]]{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1pp=663–668}}
|-
| '''[[Zhang Zuo]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|張祚}}
| King Wei<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|威王}}
| 354–355<br/><small>({{Age in years|354|355}} years)</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list
| titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal
| title = Era(s)
| expand = 
| <hr/> 
* '''Heping''' ({{lang|zh-hant|和平}}) 354–355
}}</small>
| Son of [[Zhang Jun (prince)|Zhang Jun]]
| Discontinued the use of [[Western Jin]] era names before being killed in 355{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1pp=663–668}}
|-
| '''[[Zhang Xuanjing]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|張玄靚}}
| Duke Chong<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|沖公}}
| 355–363<br/><small>({{Age in years|355|363}} years)</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list
| titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal
| title = Era(s)
| expand = 
| <hr/> 
* '''Taishi''' ({{lang|zh-hant|太始}}) 355–356
}}</small>
| Son of [[Zhang Chonghua]]
| 350–363<br/><small>(aged 12–13)</small>
----Killed by [[Zhang Tianxi]]{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1pp=663–668}}
|-
| '''[[Zhang Tianxi]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|張天錫}}
| Duke Dao<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|悼公}}
| 363–376<br/><small>({{Age in years|363|376}} years)</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list
| titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal
| title = Era(s)
| expand = 
| <hr/> 
* '''Taiqing''' ({{lang|zh-hant|太清}}) 363–376
}}</small>
| Son of [[Zhang Jun (prince)|Zhang Jun]]
| 346–406<br/><small>(aged 59–60)</small>
----Surrendered to the [[Former Qin]], later dying of natural causes in [[Eastern Jin]]{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1pp=663–668}}
|}

{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center; width:100%;"
|+ [[Former Yan]] (前燕; 337–370){{sfn|Adamek|2017|p=342}}
|-
! scope="col" width="15%" | Personal name
! scope="col" width="15%" | Posthumous name
! scope="col" width="25%" | Reign
! scope="col" width="15%" | Succession
! scope="col" width="30%" | Life details
|-
| '''[[Murong Huang]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|慕容皝}}
| Emperor Wenming<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|文明皇帝}}
| 337–348<br/><small>({{Age in years|337|348}} years)</small>
| Son of governor [[Murong Hui]], proclaimed himself Prince of Yan in 337. Remained loyal to the [[Jin dynasty (266–420)|Jin]]
| 297–348<br/><small>(aged 50–51)</small>
----Died of natural causes{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1pp=368–369|2a1=Dien|2y=2019|2a2=Knapp|2p=130–133}}
|-
| '''[[Murong Jun]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|慕容儁}}
| Emperor Jingzhao<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|景昭皇帝}}
| 348–360<br/><small>({{Age in years|348|360}} years)</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list
| titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal
| title = Era(s)
| expand = 
| <hr/> 
* '''Yuanxi''' ({{lang|zh-hant|元璽}}) 353–357
* '''Guangshou''' ({{lang|zh-hant|光壽}}) 357–360
}}</small>
| Son of [[Murong Huang]], proclaimed himself Emperor in 352
| 319–360<br/><small>(aged 38–39)</small>
----Died of natural causes{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1pp=663–668}}
|-
| '''[[Murong Wei]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|慕容暐}}
| Emperor You<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|幽皇帝}}
| 360–370<br/><small>({{Age in years|360|370}} years)</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list
| titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal
| title = Era(s)
| expand = 
| <hr/> 
* '''Jianxi''' ({{lang|zh-hant|建熙}}) 360–370
}}</small>
| Son of [[Murong Jun]], ruled under the regency of [[Murong Ping]]
| 350–384<br/><small>(aged 33–34)</small>
----Captured by [[Former Qin]] in 370, executed by [[Fu Jiān]] in 384 after a failed coup{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1p=661}}
|}

{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center; width:100%;"
|+ [[Former Qin]] (前秦; 351–394){{sfn|Adamek|2017|p=344}}
|-
! scope="col" width="15%" | Personal name
! scope="col" width="15%" | Posthumous name
! scope="col" width="25%" | Reign
! scope="col" width="15%" | Succession
! scope="col" width="30%" | Life details
|-
| '''[[Fu Jian (317–355)|Fu Jiàn]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|苻健}}
| Emperor Jingming<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|景明皇帝}}
| 351–355<br/><small>({{Age in years|351|355}} years)</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list
| titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal
| title = Era(s)
| expand = 
| <hr/> 
* '''Huangshi''' ({{lang|zh-hant|皇始}}) 351–355
}}</small>
| Son of Prince [[Fu Hong|Hong]], leader of the [[Di (Five Barbarians)|Di]]. Proclaimed [[Heavenly King]] and Great [[Chanyu]] after Hong's murder in 351, became Emperor in 352
| 307 or 317–355<br/><small>(aged 48 or 38)</small>
----Died of natural causes{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1pp=163–164|2a1=Dien|2y=2019|2a2=Knapp|2p=134–137}}
|-
| '''[[Fu Sheng (Former Qin)|Fu Sheng]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|苻生}}
| Prince Li<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|厲王}}
| 355–357<br/><small>({{Age in years|355|357}} years)</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list
| titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal
| title = Era(s)
| expand = 
| <hr/> 
* '''Shouguang''' ({{lang|zh-hant|壽光}}) 355–357
}}</small>
| Son of [[Fu Jiàn]]
| 335–357<br/><small>(aged 22)</small>
----Killed by his cousin{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1pp=163–164|2a1=Dien|2y=2019|2a2=Knapp|2p=134–137}}
|-
| '''[[Fu Jian (337–385)|Fu Jiān]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|苻堅}}
| Emperor Xuanzhao<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|宣昭皇帝}}
| 357–385<br/><small>({{Age in years|357|385}} years)</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list
| titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal
| title = Era(s)
| expand = 
| <hr/> 
* '''Yongxing''' ({{lang|zh-hant|永興}}) 357–359
* '''Ganlu''' ({{lang|zh-hant|甘露}}) 359–364
* '''Jian yuan''' ({{lang|zh-hant|建元}}) 365–385
}}</small>
| Grandson of [[Fu Hong]], ruled as [[Heavenly King]]
| 338–385<br/><small>(aged 47)</small>
----Conquered [[Former Yan]], [[Former Liang]], and [[Dai (Sixteen Kingdoms)|Dai]]. Killed by [[Yao Chang]].{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1pp=163–164|2a1=Dien|2y=2019|2a2=Knapp|2p=134–137}}
|-
| '''[[Fu Pi]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|苻丕}}
| Emperor Aiping<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|哀平皇帝}}
| 385–386<br/><small>({{Age in years|385|386}} years)</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list
| titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal
| title = Era(s)
| expand = 
| <hr/> 
* '''Taian''' ({{lang|zh-hant|太安}}) 385–386 
}}</small>
| Son of [[Fu Jiān]]
| Defeated by [[Murong Yong]] of [[Western Yan]], later killed by the [[Eastern Jin]] army{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1pp=163–164|2a1=Dien|2y=2019|2a2=Knapp|2p=134–137}}
|-
| '''[[Fu Deng]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|苻登}}
| Emperor Gao<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|高皇帝}}
| 386–394<br/><small>({{Age in years|386|394}} years)</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list
| titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal
| title = Era(s)
| expand = 
| <hr/> 
* '''Taichu''' ({{lang|zh-hant|太初}}) 386–394
}}</small>
| Grandnephew of [[Fu Jiān]]
| 343–394<br/><small>(aged 51)</small>
----Killed by [[Yao Xing]] of [[Later Qin]]{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1pp=163–164|2a1=Dien|2y=2019|2a2=Knapp|2p=134–137}}
|-
| '''[[Fu Chong]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|苻崇}}
| –
| 394<br/><small>(less than a year)</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list
| titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal
| title = Era(s)
| expand = 
| <hr/> 
* '''Yanchu''' ({{lang|zh-hant|延初}}) 394
}}</small>
| Son of [[Fu Deng]]
| Killed by [[Qifu Gangui|Qifu Qiangui]] of [[Western Qin]]{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1pp=163–164|2a1=Dien|2y=2019|2a2=Knapp|2p=134–137}}
|}

{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center; width:100%;"
|+ [[Later Yan]] (後燕; 384–409){{sfn|Adamek|2017|p=342}}
|-
! scope="col" width="15%" | Personal name
! scope="col" width="15%" | Posthumous name
! scope="col" width="25%" | Reign
! scope="col" width="15%" | Succession
! scope="col" width="30%" | Life details
|-
| '''[[Murong Chui]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|慕容垂}}
| Emperor Wucheng<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|成武皇帝}}
| 384–396<br/><small>({{Age in years|384|396}} years)</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list
| titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal
| title = Era(s)
| expand = 
| <hr/> 
* '''Jianxing''' ({{lang|zh-hant|建興}}) 386–396
}}</small>
| Son of Prince [[Murong Huang]] of [[Former Yan]], reestablished his kingdom after the [[Battle of Fei River]]
| 326–396<br/><small>(aged 70)</small>
----Conquered [[Western Yan]] in 394{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1pp=367–369}}
|-
| '''[[Murong Bao]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|慕容寶}}
| Emperor Huimin<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|惠愍皇帝}}
| 396–398<br/><small>({{Age in years|396|398}} years)</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list
| titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal
| title = Era(s)
| expand = 
| <hr/> 
* '''Yongkang''' ({{lang|zh-hant|永康}}) 396–398
}}</small>
| Son of [[Murong Chui]]
| 355–398<br/><small>(aged 43)</small>
----Killed by the usurper [[Lan Han]]{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1pp=367–369}}
|-
| '''[[Murong Sheng]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|慕容盛}}
| Emperor Zhaowu<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|昭武皇帝}}
| 398–401<br/><small>({{Age in years|398|401}} years)</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list
| titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal
| title = Era(s)
| expand = 
| <hr/> 
* '''Jianping''' ({{lang|zh-hant|建平}}) 398
* '''Changle''' ({{lang|zh-hant|長樂}}) 399–401
}}</small>
| Son of [[Murong Bao]], came to power after killing [[Lan Han]]
| 373–401<br/><small>(aged 28)</small>
----Killed by general Duan Ji{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1pp=367–369}}
|-
| '''[[Murong Xi]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|慕容熙}}
| Emperor Zhaowen<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|昭文皇帝}}
| 401–407<br/><small>({{Age in years|401|407}} years)</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list
| titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal
| title = Era(s)
| expand = 
| <hr/> 
* '''Guangshi''' ({{lang|zh-hant|光始}}) 401–406
* '''Jianshi''' ({{lang|zh-hant|建始}}) 407
}}</small>
| Son of [[Murong Chui]]
| 385–407<br/><small>(aged 22)</small>
----Killed by [[Feng Ba]]{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1pp=367–369}}
|}

{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center; width:100%;"
|+ [[Later Qin]] (後秦; 384–417){{sfn|Adamek|2017|p=344}}
|-
! scope="col" width="15%" | Personal name
! scope="col" width="15%" | Posthumous name
! scope="col" width="25%" | Reign
! scope="col" width="15%" | Succession
! scope="col" width="30%" | Life details
|-
| '''[[Yao Chang]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|姚萇}}
| Emperor Wuzhao<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|武昭皇帝}}
| 384–393<br/><small>({{Age in years|384|393}} years)</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list
| titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal
| title = Era(s)
| expand = 
| <hr/> 
* '''Baique''' ({{lang|zh-hant|白雀}}) 384–386
* '''Jianchu''' ({{lang|zh-hant|建初}}) 386–393
}}</small>
| Proclaimed King after the [[Battle of Fei River]], then Emperor after killing [[Fu Jiān]] of [[Former Qin]]
| 343–394<br/><small>(aged 51)</small>
----Died of natural causes{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1pp=617–618|2a1=Dien|2y=2019|2a2=Knapp|2p=137–138}}
|-
| '''[[Yao Xing]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|姚興}}
| Emperor Wenhuan<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|文桓皇帝}}
| 394–416<br/><small>({{Age in years|394|416}} years)</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list
| titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal
| title = Era(s)
| expand = 
| <hr/> 
* '''Huangchu''' ({{lang|zh-hant|皇初}}) 394–399
* '''Hongshi''' ({{lang|zh-hant|弘始}}) 399–416
}}</small>
| Son of [[Yao Chang]]
| 366–416<br/><small>(aged 50)</small>
----Conquered [[Former Qin]] and [[Later Liang (Sixteen Kingdoms)|Later Liang]].  Favored [[Buddhism]] and [[Taoism]].{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1pp=617–618|2a1=Dien|2y=2019|2a2=Knapp|2p=137–138}}
|-
| '''[[Yao Hong]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|姚泓}}
| –
| 416–417<br/><small>({{Age in years|416|417}} years)</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list
| titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal
| title = Era(s)
| expand = 
| <hr/> 
* '''Yonghe''' ({{lang|zh-hant|永和}}) 416–417
}}</small>
| Son of [[Yao Xing]]
| 388–417<br/><small>(aged 29)</small>
----Executed by the [[Eastern Jin]]{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1pp=617–618|2a1=Dien|2y=2019|2a2=Knapp|2p=137–138}}
|}

{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center; width:100%;"
|+ [[Western Qin]] (西秦; 385–400, 409–431){{sfn|Adamek|2017|p=344}}
|-
! scope="col" width="15%" | Personal name
! scope="col" width="15%" | Posthumous name
! scope="col" width="25%" | Reign
! scope="col" width="15%" | Succession
! scope="col" width="30%" | Life details
|-
| '''[[Qifu Guoren]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|乞伏國仁}}
| Prince Xuanlie<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|宣烈王}}
| 385–388<br/><small>({{Age in years|385|388}} years)</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list
| titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal
| title = Era(s)
| expand = 
| <hr/> 
* '''Jianyi''' ({{lang|zh-hant|建義}}) 385–388
}}</small>
| Former general of [[Former Qin]]
| Died of natural causes{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1p=406}}
|-
| '''[[Qifu Gangui]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|乞伏乾歸}}
| Prince Wuyuan<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|武元王}}
| 388–412<br/><small>({{Age in years|388|412}} years)</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list
| titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal
| title = Era(s)
| expand = 
| <hr/> 
* '''Taichu''' ({{lang|zh-hant|太初}}) 388–400
* '''Gengshi''' ({{lang|zh-hant|更始}}) 409–412
}}</small>
| Younger brother of [[Qifu Guoren]]
| Surrendered to [[Later Qin]] in 400, reclaimed the throne in 409. Killed by his nephew{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1p=406}}
|-
| '''[[Qifu Chipan]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|乞伏熾磐}}
| Prince Wenzhao<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|文昭王}}
| 412–428<br/><small>({{Age in years|412|428}} years)</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list
| titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal
| title = Era(s)
| expand = 
| <hr/> 
* '''Yongkang''' ({{lang|zh-hant|永康}}) 412–419
* '''Jianhong''' ({{lang|zh-hant|建弘}}) 419–428
}}</small>
| Son of [[Qifu Gangui]]
| Conquered [[Southern Liang (Sixteen Kingdoms)|Southern Liang]] in 414{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1p=406}}
|-
| '''[[Qifu Mumo]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|乞伏暮末}}
| –
| 428–431<br/><small>({{Age in years|428|431}} years)</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list
| titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal
| title = Era(s)
| expand = 
| <hr/> 
* '''Yonghong''' ({{lang|zh-hant|永弘}}) 428–431
}}</small>
| Son of [[Qifu Chipan]]
| Killed by the [[Xia (Sixteen Kingdoms)|Xia]]{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1p=406}}
|}

{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center; width:100%;"
|+ [[Later Liang (Sixteen Kingdoms)|Later Liang]] (後涼; 386–403){{sfnm|1a1=Adamek|1y=2017|1p=343|2a1=Dien|2a2=Knapp|2y=2019|2p=xix}}
|-
! scope="col" width="15%" | Personal name
! scope="col" width="15%" | Posthumous name
! scope="col" width="25%" | Reign
! scope="col" width="15%" | Succession
! scope="col" width="30%" | Life details
|-
| '''[[Lü Guang]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|呂光}}
| Emperor Yiwu<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|懿武皇帝}}
| 386–399<br/><small>({{Age in years|386|399}} years)</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list
| titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal
| title = Era(s)
| expand = 
| <hr/> 
* '''Taian''' ({{lang|zh-hant|太安}}) 386–389
* '''Linjia''' ({{lang|zh-hant|麟嘉}}) 389–396
* '''Longfei''' ({{lang|zh-hant|龍飛}}) 396–400
}}</small>
| Former general of [[Former Qin]], proclaimed himself Duke of Jiuquan in 386 and [[Heavenly King]] in 396
| 337–399<br/><small>(aged 19)</small>
----Abdicated in favor of his son{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1pp=350–351}}
|-
| '''[[Lü Shao]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|呂紹}}
| Prince Yin<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|隱王}}
| 399<br/><small>(less than a year)</small>
| Son of [[Lü Guang]]
| Forced to commit suicide by his brother{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1pp=350–351}}
|-
| '''[[Lü Zuan]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|呂纂}}
| Emperor Ling<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|靈皇帝}}
| 399–401<br/><small>({{Age in years|399|401}} years)</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list
| titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal
| title = Era(s)
| expand = 
| <hr/> 
* '''Xianning''' ({{lang|zh-hant|咸寧}}) 400–401
}}</small>
| Son of [[Lü Guang]]
| Killed by Lü Chao, Guang's nephew{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1pp=350–351}}
|-
| '''[[Lü Long]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|呂隆}}
| –
| 401–403<br/><small>({{Age in years|401|403}} years)</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list
| titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal
| title = Era(s)
| expand = 
| <hr/> 
* '''Shending''' ({{lang|zh-hant|神鼎}}) 401–403
}}</small>
| Nephew of [[Lü Guang]]
| Killed by [[Yao Hong]] of [[Later Qin]]{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1pp=350–351}}
|}

{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center; width:100%;"
|+ [[Southern Liang (Sixteen Kingdoms)|Southern Liang]] (南涼; 397–414){{sfn|Adamek|2017|p=343}}
|-
! scope="col" width="15%" | Personal name
! scope="col" width="15%" | Posthumous name
! scope="col" width="25%" | Reign
! scope="col" width="15%" | Succession
! scope="col" width="30%" | Life details
|-
| '''[[Tufa Wugu]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|禿髮烏孤}}
| Prince Wu<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|武王}}
| 397–399<br/><small>({{Age in years|397|399}} years)</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list
| titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal
| title = Era(s)
| expand = 
| <hr/> 
* '''Taichu''' ({{lang|zh-hant|太初}}) 397–400
}}</small>
| Proclaimed himself Great [[Chanyu]]
| Died of natural causes{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1pp=511}}
|-
| '''[[Tufa Lilugu]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|禿髮利鹿孤}}
| Prince Kang<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|康王}}
| 399–402<br/><small>({{Age in years|399|402}} years)</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list
| titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal
| title = Era(s)
| expand = 
| <hr/> 
* '''Jianhe''' ({{lang|zh-hant|建和}}) 400–402
}}</small>
| Elder brother of [[Tufa Wugu]]
| Died of natural causes{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1pp=511}}
|-
| '''[[Tufa Rutan]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|禿髮傉檀}}
| Prince Jing<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|景王}}
| 402–414<br/><small>({{Age in years|402|414}} years)</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list
| titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal
| title = Era(s)
| expand = 
| <hr/> 
* '''Hongchang''' ({{lang|zh-hant|弘昌}}) 402–404
* '''Jiaping''' ({{lang|zh-hant|嘉平}}) 409–414
}}</small>
| Elder brother [[Tufa Lilugu]]
| 364–415<br/><small>(aged 51)</small>
----Captured and killed by [[Western Qin]]{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1pp=511}}
|}

{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center; width:100%;"
|+ [[Northern Liang]] (北涼; 397–439){{sfn|Adamek|2017|p=342}}
|-
! scope="col" width="15%" | Personal name
! scope="col" width="15%" | Posthumous name
! scope="col" width="25%" | Reign
! scope="col" width="15%" | Succession
! scope="col" width="30%" | Life details
|-
| '''[[Duan Ye]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|段業}}
| –
| 397–401<br/><small>({{Age in years|397|401}} years)</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list
| titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal
| title = Era(s)
| expand = 
| <hr/> 
* '''Shenxi''' ({{lang|zh-hant|神璽}}) 397–399
* '''Tianxi''' ({{lang|zh-hant|天璽}}) 399–401
}}</small>
| Governor of [[Later Liang (Sixteen Kingdoms)|Later Liang]], proclaimed himself Prince of Liang in 397
| Killed by [[Juqu Mengxun]]{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1pp=136}}
|-
| '''[[Juqu Mengxun]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|沮渠蒙遜}}
| –
| 401–433<br/><small>({{Age in years|401|433}} years)</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list
| titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal
| title = Era(s)
| expand = 
| <hr/> 
* '''Yongan''' ({{lang|zh-hant|永安}}) 401–412
* '''Xuanshi''' ({{lang|zh-hant|玄始}}) 412–428
* '''Chengxuan''' ({{lang|zh-hant|承玄}}) 428–430
* '''Yihe''' ({{lang|zh-hant|義和}}) 430–433
}}</small>
| Former ally of [[Duan Ye]], proclaimed himself Duke of Zhangye
| Conquered [[Western Liang (Sixteen Kingdoms)|Western Liang]] in 421{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1pp=273}}
|-
| '''[[Juqu Mujian]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|沮渠牧犍}}
| Prince Ai<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|哀王}}
| 433–439<br/><small>({{Age in years|433|439}} years)</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list
| titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal
| title = Era(s)
| expand = 
| <hr/> 
* '''Shenxi''' ({{lang|zh-hant|神璽}}) 397–399
* '''Yonghe''' ({{lang|zh-hant|永和}}) 433–439
}}</small>
| Son of [[Juqu Mengxun]]
| Defeated by [[Northern Wei]], later forced to commit suicide in 449 for sedition{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1pp=273}}
|}

{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center; width:100%;"
|+ [[Southern Yan]] (南燕; 398–410){{sfn|Adamek|2017|p=342}}
|-
! scope="col" width="15%" | Personal name
! scope="col" width="15%" | Posthumous name
! scope="col" width="25%" | Reign
! scope="col" width="15%" | Succession
! scope="col" width="30%" | Life details
|-
| '''[[Murong De]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|慕容德}}
| Emperor Xianwu<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|獻武皇帝}}
| 398–405<br/><small>({{Age in years|398|405}} years)</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list
| titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal
| title = Era(s)
| expand = 
| <hr/> 
* '''Jianping''' ({{lang|zh-hant|建平}}) 400–405
}}</small>
| Younger brother of [[Murong Chui]] of [[Later Yan]], declared himself Prince in 398 and then Emperor in 400
| 336–405<br/><small>(aged 69)</small>
----Captured and killed by [[Western Qin]]{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1pp=367–368}}
|-
| '''[[Murong Chao]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|慕容超}}
| –
| 405–410<br/><small>({{Age in years|405|410}} years)</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list
| titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal
| title = Era(s)
| expand = 
| <hr/> 
* '''Taishang''' ({{lang|zh-hant|太上}}) 405–410
}}</small>
| Uncertain succession
| 385–410<br/><small>(aged 25)</small>
----Captured and killed by [[Eastern Jin]]{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1pp=367–368}}
|}

{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center; width:100%;"
|+ [[Western Liang (Sixteen Kingdoms)|Western Liang]] (西涼; 400–421){{sfn|Adamek|2017|p=343}}
|-
! scope="col" width="15%" | Personal name
! scope="col" width="15%" | Posthumous name
! scope="col" width="25%" | Reign
! scope="col" width="15%" | Succession
! scope="col" width="30%" | Life details
|-
| '''[[Li Gao]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|李暠}}
| Prince Wuzhao<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|武昭王}}
| 400–417<br/><small>({{Age in years|400|417}} years)</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list
| titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal
| title = Era(s)
| expand = 
| <hr/> 
* '''Gengzi''' ({{lang|zh-hant|庚子}}) 400–405
* '''Jianchu''' ({{lang|zh-hant|建初}}) 406–417
}}</small>
| Governor of [[Dunhuang]] under [[Duan Ye]] of [[Northern Liang]], declared himself Duke
| 351–417<br/><small>(aged 66)</small>
----Died of natural causes{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1p=296}}
|-
| '''[[Li Xin (Western Liang)|Li Xin]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|李歆}}
| –
| 417–420<br/><small>({{Age in years|417|420}} years)</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list
| titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal
| title = Era(s)
| expand = 
| <hr/> 
* '''Jiaxing''' ({{lang|zh-hant|嘉興}}) 417–420
}}</small>
| Son of [[Li Gao]]
| Killed by [[Juqu Mengxun]] of [[Northern Liang]]{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1pp=304–305}}
|-
| '''[[Li Xun (Western Liang)|Li Xun]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|李恂}}
| –
| 420–421<br/><small>({{Age in years|420|421}} years)</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list
| titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal
| title = Era(s)
| expand = 
| <hr/> 
* '''Yongjian''' ({{lang|zh-hant|永建}}): 420–421
}}</small>
| Son of [[Li Gao]]
| Committed suicide after the fall of [[Dunhuang]]{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1pp=304–305}}
|}

{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center; width:100%;"
|+ [[Helian Xia]] (胡夏; 407–431){{sfn|Adamek|2017|p=344}}
|-
! scope="col" width="15%" | Personal name
! scope="col" width="15%" | Posthumous name
! scope="col" width="25%" | Reign
! scope="col" width="15%" | Succession
! scope="col" width="30%" | Life details
|-
| '''[[Helian Bobo]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|赫連勃勃}}
| Emperor Wulie<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|武烈皇帝}}
| 407–425<br/><small>({{Age in years|407|425}} years)</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list
| titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal
| title = Era(s)
| expand = 
| <hr/> 
* '''Longsheng''' ({{lang|zh-hant|龍升}}) 407–413
* '''Fengxiang''' ({{lang|zh-hant|鳳翔}}) 413–418
* '''Changwu''' ({{lang|zh-hant|昌武}}) 418–419
* '''Zhenxing''' ({{lang|zh-hant|真興}}) 419–425
}}</small>
| Subordinate of [[Yao Xing]] of [[Later Qin]], declared himself [[Heavenly King]] in 407 and then Emperor at [[Chang'an]] in 418
| 381–425<br/><small>(aged 44)</small>
----Died of natural causes{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1p=210}}
|-
| '''[[Helian Chang]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|赫連昌}}
| –
| 425–428<br/><small>({{Age in years|425|428}} years)</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list
| titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal
| title = Era(s)
| expand = 
| <hr/> 
* '''Chengguang''' ({{lang|zh-hant|承光}}) 425–428
}}</small>
| Son of [[Helian Bobo]]
| Executed by [[Northern Wei]] in 434{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1p=210}}
|-
| '''[[Helian Ding]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|赫連定}}
| –
| 428–431<br/><small>({{Age in years|428|431}} years)</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list
| titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal
| title = Era(s)
| expand = 
| <hr/> 
* '''Shengguang''' ({{lang|zh-hant|勝光}}): 428–431
}}</small>
| Son of [[Helian Bobo]]
| Executed by [[Tuyuhun]] in 432{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1p=210}}
|}

{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center; width:100%;"
|+ [[Northern Yan]] (北燕; 407–436){{sfn|Adamek|2017|p=342}}
|-
! scope="col" width="15%" | Personal name
! scope="col" width="15%" | Posthumous name
! scope="col" width="25%" | Reign
! scope="col" width="15%" | Succession
! scope="col" width="30%" | Life details
|-
| '''[[Gao Yun (emperor)|Gao Yun]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|高雲}}
| Emperor Huiyi<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|惠懿皇帝}}
| 407–409<br/><small>({{Age in years|407|409}} years)</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list
| titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal
| title = Era(s)
| expand = 
| <hr/> 
* '''Zhengshi''' ({{lang|zh-hant|正始}}) 407–409
}}</small>
| Adopted son of [[Murong Bao]] or [[Later Yan]], proclaimed [[Heavenly King]] by [[Feng Ba]]
| Killed by his underlings{{sfn|Xiong|2009|p=210}}
|-
| '''[[Feng Ba]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|馮跋}}
| Emperor Wencheng<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|文成皇帝}}
| 409–430<br/><small>({{Age in years|409|430}} years)</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list
| titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal
| title = Era(s)
| expand = 
| <hr/> 
* '''Taiping''' ({{lang|zh-hant|太平}}) 409–430
}}</small>
| Seized power after Yun's death
| Died of natural causes{{sfn|Xiong|2009|pp=153–154}}
|-
| '''[[Feng Hong]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|馮弘}}
| Emperor Zhaocheng<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|昭成皇帝}}
| 430–436<br/><small>({{Age in years|430|436}} years)</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list
| titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal
| title = Era(s)
| expand = 
| <hr/> 
* '''Daxing''' ({{lang|zh-hant|大興}}) 431–436
}}</small>
| Younger brother of [[Feng Ba]]
| Defeated by [[Northern Wei]], later murdered in [[Goguryeo]]{{sfn|Xiong|2009|p=210}}
|}