Editing Latin grammar (section)

==Prepositions==
===Prepositions===
A prepositional phrase in Latin is made up of a [[preposition]] followed by a noun phrase in the accusative or ablative case. The preposition determines the case that is used, with some prepositions allowing different cases depending on the meaning. For example, Latin ''in'' takes the accusative case when it indicates motion (English "into") and the ablative case when it indicates position (English "on" or "inside"):
:{{lang|la|in urbem}} = "into the city" (accusative)
:{{lang|la|in urbe}} = "in the city" (ablative)

Most prepositions take one case only. For example, all those that mean "from", "by", or "with" take the ablative:
:{{lang|la|ex urbe}} = "out of the city"
:{{lang|la|ab urbe}} = "(away) from the city"
:{{lang|la|cum Caesare}} = "with Caesar"

Other prepositions take only the accusative:
:{{lang|la|extrā urbem}} = "outside the city"
:{{lang|la|ad urbem}} = "to/near the city"
:{{lang|la|per urbem}} = "through(out) the city"
:{{lang|la|circum urbem}} = "around the city"

===Postpositions===
In addition, there are a few postpositions. {{lang|la|tenus}} "as far as" usually follows an ablative, sometimes a genitive plural case:{{sfn|Lewis|Short|2020|loc=s.v. {{lang|la|tenus}}}}
:{{lang|la|Taurō tenus}} "as far as Taurus"
:{{lang|la|Cūmārum tenus}} "as far as Cumae"

{{lang|la|versus}} "towards" is usually combined with {{lang|la|ad}} or {{lang|la|in}}:
:{{lang|la|ad Alpēs versus}} "towards the Alps"

{{lang|la|causā}} "for the sake of" follows a genitive:
:{{lang|la|honōris causā}} "for the sake of (doing) honour"

The word {{lang|la|cum}} "with" is usually a preposition, but with the personal pronouns {{lang|la|mē, tē, sē, nōbīs, vōbīs}} "me, you sg., him/herself/themselves, us, you pl." it follows the pronoun and is joined to it in writing:
:{{lang|la|cum eō}} "with him"
:{{lang|la|mēcum}} "with me"

Both {{lang|la|quōcum}} and {{lang|la|cum quō}} "with whom" are found.

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Prepositions and postpositions in Latin (extensive list)
! Preposition
! Case
! class=unsortable|Meaning, notes
|-
| {{wikt-lang|la|a|ā}}, {{wikt-lang|la|ab}}, {{wikt-lang|la|abs}}
| + abl
| from; down from; at, in, on, (of time) after, since (source of action or event) by, of
|-
| {{wikt-lang|la|absque}}
| + abl
| without (archaic, cf. sine and praeter)
|-
| {{wikt-lang|la|ad}}
| + acc
| towards, to, at
|-
| {{wikt-lang|la|adversus}}, {{wikt-lang|la|adversum}}
| + acc
| towards, against (also an adverb)
|-
| {{wikt-lang|la|ante}}
| + acc
| before (also an adverb)
|-
| {{wikt-lang|la|apud}}
| +acc
| at, by, near, among; {{wikt-lang|en|chez}}; before, in the presence of, in the writings of, in view of
|-
| {{wikt-lang|la|causa|causā}}
| + gen
| for the sake of (normally after its noun; simply the abl. of causa)
|-
| {{wikt-lang|la|circum}}
| + acc
| about, around, near; 
|-
| {{wikt-lang|la|circa|circā}}
| + acc
| around, near, about; regarding, concerning
|-
| {{wikt-lang|la|circiter}}
| + acc
| (of place and time) near, close, round about
|-
| {{wikt-lang|la|cis}}
| + acc
| on, to this, the near side of, short of; before
|-
| {{wikt-lang|la|citra|citrā}}
| + acc
| on this side of (also an adverb)
|-
| {{wikt-lang|la|clam}}
| + acc &<br />+ abl
| without the knowledge of, unknown to (also an adverb). Its use with the ablative is rare. {{lang|la|Clanculum}} is a variant of this preposition.
|-
| {{wikt-lang|la|contra|contrā}}
| + acc
| against, opposite to, contrary to, otherwise, in return to, back
|-
| {{wikt-lang|la|coram|cōram}}
| + abl
| in person, face to face; publicly, openly
|-
| {{wikt-lang|la|cum}}
| + abl
| with
|-
| {{wikt-lang|la|de|dē}}
| + abl
| from, concerning, about; down from, out of
|-
| {{wikt-lang|la|erga|ergā}}
| + acc
| against, opposite; towards, with regard to (sometimes placed after the noun or pronoun)
|-
| {{wikt-lang|la|ex}}, {{wikt-lang|la|e|ē}}
| + abl
| out of, from
|-
| {{wikt-lang|la|extra|extrā}}
| + acc
| outside of, beyond
|-
| {{wikt-lang|la|fine|fīne}}, fīnī
| + gen
| up to (ablative of fīnis). Can also be a postposition.{{sfn|Lewis|Short|2020|loc=s.v. {{lang|la|finis}}}}
|-
| {{wikt-lang|la|gratia|grātiā}}
| + gen
| for the sake of. Usually placed after the noun.{{sfn|Lewis|Short|2020|loc=s.v. {{lang|la|gratia}}}}
|-
| rowspan="2" | {{wikt-lang|la|in}}
| + acc
| into, onto, to; about, respecting; according to; against
|-
| + abl
| in, among, at, on (space); during, at (time)
|-
| {{wikt-lang|la|infra|īnfrā}}
| + acc
| below
|-
| {{wikt-lang|la|inter}}
| + acc
| between, among; during, while
|-
| {{wikt-lang|la|intra|intrā}}
| + acc
| within, inside; during; in less than
|-
| {{wikt-lang|la|iuxta|iūxtā}}
| + acc
| nearly; near, close to, just as. Can also follow the noun.{{sfn|Lewis|Short|2020|loc=s.v. {{lang|la|iuxta}}}}
|-
| {{wikt-lang|la|ob}}
| + acc
| in the direction of, to, towards; on account of, according to, because of, due to, for (the purpose of); against; facing
|-
| {{wikt-lang|la|palam}}
| + abl
| without concealment, openly, publicly, undisguisedly, plainly, unambiguously
|-
| {{wikt-lang|la|penes}}
| + acc
| Under one's government or command; In one's disposal or custody; At, with, about, concerning
|-
| {{wikt-lang|la|per}}
| + acc
| through, by means of; during
|-
| {{wikt-lang|la|pone|pōne}}
| + acc
| behind; in the rear of
|-
| {{wikt-lang|la|post}}
| + acc
| behind (of space); afterwards, after (of time) 
|-
| {{wikt-lang|la|prae}}
| + abl
| before, in front of, because of
|-
| {{wikt-lang|la|praeter}}
| + acc
| besides, except; beyond; more than
|-
| {{wikt-lang|la|pro|prō}}
| + abl
| for, on behalf of; before; in front, instead of; about; according to; as, like; as befitting
|-
| {{wikt-lang|la|procul}}
| + abl
| far, at a distance
|-
| {{wikt-lang|la|prope}}
| + acc
| near, nearby, (figuratively) towards, about (in time)
|-
| {{wikt-lang|la|propter}}
| + acc
| near, close to, hard by; because of, on account of, for; (rare) through, by means of
|-
| {{wikt-lang|la|secundum}}
| + acc
| next, along, according to
|-
| {{wikt-lang|la|simul}}
| + abl
| with
|-
| {{wikt-lang|la|sine}}
| + abl
| without
|-
| rowspan="2" | {{wikt-lang|la|sub}}
| + acc
| under, up to, up under, close to (of a motion); until, before, up to, about
|-
| + abl
| (to) under, (to) beneath; near to, up to, towards; about, around (time)
|-
| rowspan="2" | {{wikt-lang|la|subter}}
| + acc
| under, underneath; following (in order or rank); in the reign of
|-
| + abl
| underneath, (figuratively) below inferior
|-
| rowspan="2" | {{wikt-lang|la|super}}
| + acc
| above, over, beyond; during
|-
| + abl
| concerning, regarding, about
|-
| {{wikt-lang|la|supra|suprā}}
| + acc
| above, over, more than, before
|-
| {{wikt-lang|la|tenus}}
| + gen &<br />+ abl
| (with genitive and ablative) right up to, as far as, just as far as;<br />(with ablative, of a process) up to (a given stage of);<br />(with genitive and ablative, of limitation) to the maximum extent of, within. Used as a postposition.{{sfn|Lewis|Short|2020|loc=s.v. {{lang|la|tenus}}}}
|-
| {{wikt-lang|la|trans|trāns}}
| + acc
| across, beyond
|-
| {{wikt-lang|la|versus}},<br />{{wikt-lang|la|versum}}
| + acc
| towards (postposition, usually combined with {{lang|la|ad}} or {{lang|la|in}}){{sfn|Lewis|Short|2020|loc=s.v. {{lang|la|verto}}}}
|-
| {{wikt-lang|la|ultra|ultrā}}
| + acc
| beyond
|-
|}