Editing Demographics of Bulgaria (section)

==Migration==
{{main|Immigration to Bulgaria}}

===Historical migration===
The first censuses of the [[Principality of Bulgaria]] and the autonomous province of [[Eastern Rumelia]] in 1880 recorded 31,786 and 17,970 Bulgarian refugees from [[Macedonia (region)|Macedonia]] and [[Adrianople Vilayet|Ottoman Thrace]], respectively, who accounted for 1.38% of the population of the Principality an 2.20% of the population of the autonomous province, respectively.<ref name="1881 Census">{{Citation|title=Общи резултати от преброяването на населението на 1 януарий 1881 г.|trans-title=General Results of the Census of the Population of 1 January 1881|url=https://www.nsi.bg/statlib/bg/lister.php?iid=DO-010000007&page=16|pages=16–17|publisher=National Statistical Institute|language=bg}}</ref><ref name="Balev">{{cite web | first1=Ivan| last1=Balev |url=https://www.nsi.bg/spisaniestatistika/page/download.php?articleID=78 | trans-title=Unrecognised Censuses in the History of Bulgarian Statistics|title=НЕПРИЗНАТИТЕ" ПРЕБРОЯВАНИЯ В ИСТОРИЯТА НА БЪЛГАРСКАТА СТАТИСТИКА | language=bg | date=2017 | pages=10–11}}</ref><ref name="Thrace">{{Cite book| title=Сборник Тракия, т. 1|trans-title=Collection Thrace |volume=I| url=http://macedonia.kroraina.com/tr/1/trakij_1_2001_4.htm |date=2001|pages=51|publisher=Thracian Scientific Institute, [[Haskovo]] Branch|language=bg}}</ref> The census of the Principality also counted a total of 37,635 people, or 1.88% of the population, born in a country other than the [[Ottoman Empire]], mostly Bulgarians from [[Bulgarians in Romania|Romania]], [[Northern Dobruja]] and [[Bessarabian Bulgarians|Bessarabia]].<ref name="1881 Census"/> By 1887, when the first joint census of the Principality and the autonomous province was conducted following their peaceful [[Bulgarian unification|unification]] in 1885, the number of the refugees from the Ottoman Empire had grown to 54,462 people, or 1.73% of the population, while the rest of the foreign-born population had fallen to 31,637 people, 9,831 of whom born in the [[Russian Empire]], 11,843 in [[Romania]], 2,690 in [[Serbia]] and 7,273 elsewhere.<ref name="1887 Census">{{Citation|title=Общи резултати от преброяването на населението на 1 януарий 1887 г.|trans-title=General Results of the Census of the Population of 1 January 1888|date=1890|url=https://www.nsi.bg/statlib/bg/lister.php?iid=DO-010000078&page=16|pages=16–17|publisher=National Statistical Institute|language=bg}}</ref>

According to the 1910 census, 300,000 or almost 10% of the ethnic Bulgarians were born in another Bulgarian municipality than the one they were enumerated in. The same data shows that the foreign-born ethnic Bulgarians numbered 78,000, or 2% of them, most numerous of whom were the 61,000 [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]]-born, 9,000 Romanian-born and by less than 2,000 [[Austro-Hungarian Empire|Austro-Hungarian]], Serbian and Russian-born.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://statlib.nsi.bg:8181/en/lister.php?iid=DO-010000566&page=62|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170206185503/http://statlib.nsi.bg:8181/en/lister.php?iid=DO-010000566&page=62|url-status=dead|archive-date=6 February 2017|title=iLib - Lister|date=6 February 2017|access-date=15 October 2017}}</ref> By the 1926 census, there had been 253,000 refugees with granted households and land or citizenship but with many more in towns of uncertain number. 35% came from [[Eastern Thrace]], 30% came from [[Macedonia (Greece)|Greek Macedonia]], another 18% from [[Western Thrace]], 8% from [[Dobruja]], 4% from the [[Western Outlands]], 3% from [[Asia Minor]], and 2% from [[North Macedonia]]. They constituted 6% of the country's population. In 1940, 70,000 Bulgarians [[Population exchange between Bulgaria and Romania|were exchanged]] from [[Northern Dobruja]]. The total number of refugees in 1878-1940 is estimated at between 700,000 and 1,200,000.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://docplayer.net/35763499-Communities-identities-and-migrations-in-southeast-europe.html|title=Communities, Identities and Migrations in Southeast Europe - PDF|website=docplayer.net|access-date=24 August 2017}}</ref> [[Exodus of Turks from Bulgaria (1950-1951)|In 1950-1951, around 150,000 Turks left Bulgaria]] for Turkey, and [[Big Excursion|again in 1989]].

<gallery widths=180>
Bulgarian internal migration 1910.png|Percentage of Bulgarians born in a different municipality of Bulgaria calculated from the total of the ethnic Bulgarians in 1910
Bulgarian refugees 1910.png|Percentage of foreign-born Bulgarians calculated from the total of the ethnic Bulgarians in 1910
Macedonian Bulgarian refugees.png|Percentage of Bulgarians born in Greek Macedonia and North Macedonia in 1946 calculated from the total of the ethnic Bulgarians
Thracian Bulgarian refugees.png|Part of the Bulgarians born in [[East Thrace]], [[West Thrace]] and [[Asia Minor]] in 1946 calculated from the total of the ethnic Bulgarians
Danubian Bulgarian refugees.png|Part of the Bulgarians born in [[Northern Dobruja]], [[Romania]] and [[Serbia]] in 1946 calculated from the total of the ethnic Bulgarians
Bulgarian refugees.png|Foreign born as a part of the ethnic Bulgarians in 1946
</gallery>

===Current  migration===
According to the 2011 census [[Russia]]n citizens are the most numerous foreigners - 11 991, followed by 8 444 EU citizens (UK- 2 605, Greece - 1 253, Germany- 848, Poland - 819 and Italy - 456), citizens of [[Ukraine]] - 3 064, [[North Macedonia]] - 1 091, [[Moldova]] - 893 and [[Serbia]] - 569. 22.8% of them are from Asia, mostly from Turkey. Those with dual Bulgarian and other citizenship were 22 152, or 0.3% of the population. Of them persons with Bulgarian and Russian citizenship were 5 257 (23.7%), followed by persons with Bulgarian and Turkish citizenship - 4 282 (19.3%), Bulgarian and citizenship of the USA- 1 725 (7.8%). There are at least 17,527 [[Refugees of the Syrian Civil War]] with applications in Bulgaria. In 2001-2015 185,447 people applied for Bulgarian citizenship and 116,222 were provided with. 113,647 were granted on grounds of proven Bulgarian ancestry, including 59,968 North Macedonia citizens. 29,218 were [[Moldova]]n citizens, 5930 Ukrainians, 5374 Serbians, 5194 Russians, 3840 Israeli, 2192 Albanians, 692 Turks and others.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://dariknews.bg/regioni/blagoevgrad/59-968-makedonci-dokazali-bylgarski-proizhod-1452177|title=59 968 македонци доказали български произход - Благоевград |website=DarikNews.bg|date=11 June 2015 |access-date=24 August 2017}}</ref> In 2016, 12,880 foreigners were naturalized, including 6196 Macedonians.<ref>{{cite web|title=Президент на Република България|url=https://www.president.bg/cat107/Godishni-dokladi-grajdanstvo/|website=President.bg|access-date=2017-08-24}}</ref>

<div style=display:inline-table>
{| class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers"
|+Permanent foreign residents in Bulgaria by broad geographic region of origin in 2011 and 2021<ref name=Sloppy>{{Cite web |title=Population with foreign citizenship by country |url=https://censusresults.nsi.bg/Census/Reports/2/2/R11.aspx}}</ref><ref name=auto/>
! rowspan="2" |Nationality
! colspan="2" |2011
! colspan="2" |2021
|-
!Number
!%
!Number
!%
|-
!{{Flagicon|Bulgaria}} Bulgarians
!7,327,847
!99.50%
!6,459,248
!99.07%
|-
!Foreigners
!36,723
!0.50%
!60,541
!0.93%
|-
|{{Flagicon|European Union}} EU-27
|8,444
|0.11%
|10,549
|0.16%
|-
|Other European
|18,413
|0.15%
|35,901
|0.55%
|-
|Africa
|429
|0.01%
|940
|0.01%
|-
|Central and South America
|338
|0.00%
|518
|0.01%
|-
|North America
|588
|0.01%
|776
|0.01%
|-
|Asia
|8,403
|0.11%
|10,466
|0.16%
|-
|Oceania
|62
|0.00%
|88
|0.00%
|-
|Stateless
|46
|0.00%
|1,303
|0.02%
|-
!Total
! colspan="2" |7,364,570
! colspan="2" |6,519,789
|-
|}</div>
<div style=display:inline-table>
{| class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers"
|+Ten most common resident nationalities in 2011 and 2021<ref name=Sloppy/><ref name=auto/>
! rowspan="2" |Nationality
! colspan="2" |2011
! colspan="2" |2021
|-
!Number
!%
!Number
!%
|-
|{{flag|Russian Federation}}
| style="text-align:right;"|11,911
| style="text-align:right;"|32.84%
| style="text-align:right;"|17,465
| style="text-align:right;"|28.85%
|-
|{{flag|Ukraine}}
| style="text-align:right;"|3,064
| style="text-align:right;"|8.45%
| style="text-align:right;"|6,163
| style="text-align:right;"|10.18%
|-
|{{flag|Turkey}}
| style="text-align:right;"|2,741
| style="text-align:right;"|7.56%
| style="text-align:right;"|3,017
| style="text-align:right;"|4.99%
|-
|{{flag|United Kingdom}}
| style="text-align:right;"|2,605
| style="text-align:right;"|7.09%
| style="text-align:right;"|4,484
| style="text-align:right;"|7.41%
|-
|{{flag|Greece}}
| style="text-align:right;"|1,253
| style="text-align:right;"|3.41%
| style="text-align:right;"|1,631
| style="text-align:right;"|2.69%
|-
|{{flag|Armenia}}
| style="text-align:right;"|1,167
| style="text-align:right;"|3.22%
| style="text-align:right;"|1,048
| style="text-align:right;"|1.73%
|-
|{{flag|North Macedonia}}
| style="text-align:right;"|1,091
| style="text-align:right;"|3.01%
| style="text-align:right;"|1,576
| style="text-align:right;"|2.60%
|-
|{{flag|Germany}}
| style="text-align:right;"|848
| style="text-align:right;"|2.31%
| style="text-align:right;"|1,797
| style="text-align:right;"|2.97%
|-
|{{flag|China}}
| style="text-align:right;"|749
| style="text-align:right;"|2.04%
| style="text-align:right;"|1,683
| style="text-align:right;"|2.78%
|-
|{{flag|Syria}}
| style="text-align:right;"|729
| style="text-align:right;"|2.00%
| style="text-align:right;"|2,615
| style="text-align:right;"|4.32%
|-
! Total
! colspan="2" |36,723
! colspan="2" |60,541
|-
|}</div>

Population by country of birth:<ref>Perspectives migrations internationales 2016 et Eurostat.</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!
!2011
!2013
!2015
!2019<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://countryeconomy.com/demography/migration/immigration/bulgaria|title = Bulgaria - International immigration 2019}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|EU}}{{flag|Bulgaria}}
| style="text-align:right;"|7,290,666
| style="text-align:right;"|7,188,273
| style="text-align:right;"|7,077,389
| style="text-align:right;"|6,951,482
|-
|Total foreign-born
| style="text-align:right;"|78,621
| style="text-align:right;"|96,113
| style="text-align:right;"|123,803
| style="text-align:right;"|168,516
|-
|{{flag|Russia}}
| style="text-align:right;"|18,725
| style="text-align:right;"|19,533
| style="text-align:right;"|24,416
| style="text-align:right;"|31,679
|-
|{{flag|Turkey}}
| style="text-align:right;"|3,955
| style="text-align:right;"|6,227
| style="text-align:right;"|9,284
| style="text-align:right;"|11,702
|-
|{{flag|Syria}}
| style="text-align:right;"|1,250
| style="text-align:right;"|1,298
| style="text-align:right;"|8,318
| style="text-align:right;"|14,080
|-
|{{flagicon|EU}}{{flag|Greece}}
| style="text-align:right;"|4,928
| style="text-align:right;"|7,377
| style="text-align:right;"|7,166
| style="text-align:right;"|8,563
|-
|{{flag|Ukraine}}
| style="text-align:right;"|5,877
| style="text-align:right;"|6,084
| style="text-align:right;"|7,039
| style="text-align:right;"|10,115
|-
|{{flagicon|EU}}{{flag|Germany}}
| style="text-align:right;"|2,083
| style="text-align:right;"|3,638
| style="text-align:right;"|5,533
| style="text-align:right;"|9,334
|-
|{{flag|UK}}
| style="text-align:right;"|3,042
| style="text-align:right;"|5,066
| style="text-align:right;"|6,738
| style="text-align:right;"|9,992
|-
|{{flagicon|EU}}{{flag|Spain}}
| style="text-align:right;"|1,558
| style="text-align:right;"|4,065
| style="text-align:right;"|5,240
| style="text-align:right;"|7,098
|-
|{{flagicon|EU}}{{flag|Romania}}
| style="text-align:right;"|6,045
| style="text-align:right;"|5,380
| style="text-align:right;"|4,612
| style="text-align:right;"|4,556
|-
|{{flagicon|EU}}{{flag|Italy}}
| style="text-align:right;"|1,082
| style="text-align:right;"|2,261
| style="text-align:right;"|2,830
| style="text-align:right;"|3,790
|-
|{{flag|North Macedonia}}
| style="text-align:right;"|2,426
| style="text-align:right;"|2,384
| style="text-align:right;"|2,742
| style="text-align:right;"|3,595
|-
|{{flag|USA}}
| style="text-align:right;"|1,180
| style="text-align:right;"|2,023
| style="text-align:right;"|2,431
| style="text-align:right;"|3,153
|-
|{{flag|Moldova}}
| style="text-align:right;"|1,893
| style="text-align:right;"|1,996
| style="text-align:right;"|2,363
| style="text-align:right;"|2,990
|-
|{{flag|Serbia}}
| style="text-align:right;"|2,306
| style="text-align:right;"|2,246
| style="text-align:right;"|2,318
| style="text-align:right;"|2,879
|-
|{{flag|Azerbaijan}}
| style="text-align:right;"|2,152
| style="text-align:right;"|1,871
| style="text-align:right;"|1,886
| style="text-align:right;"|2,103
|-
|{{flagicon|EU}}{{flag|France}}
| style="text-align:right;"|562
| style="text-align:right;"|1,255
| style="text-align:right;"|1,781
| style="text-align:right;"|2,614
|-
|{{flagicon|EU}}{{flag|Poland}}
| style="text-align:right;"|1,196
| style="text-align:right;"|1,443
| style="text-align:right;"|1,648
| style="text-align:right;"|2,043
|-
|{{flag|Armenia}}
| style="text-align:right;"|1,472
| style="text-align:right;"|1,422
| style="text-align:right;"|1,565
| style="text-align:right;"|1,840
|-
|{{flag|Kazakhstan}}
| style="text-align:right;"|970
| style="text-align:right;"|1,067
| style="text-align:right;"|1,515
| style="text-align:right;"|2,101
|-
|{{flagicon|EU}}{{flag|Belgium}}
| style="text-align:right;"|410
| style="text-align:right;"|1,009
| style="text-align:right;"|1,481
| style="text-align:right;"|2,199
|-
|{{flag|China}}
| style="text-align:right;"|860
| style="text-align:right;"|929
| style="text-align:right;"|1,236
| style="text-align:right;"|1,447
|-
|{{flagicon|EU}}{{flag|Czech Republic}}
| style="text-align:right;"|924
| style="text-align:right;"|1,028
| style="text-align:right;"|1,186
| style="text-align:right;"|1,514
|-
|{{flagicon|EU}}{{flag|Austria}}
| style="text-align:right;"|
| style="text-align:right;"|
| style="text-align:right;"|
| style="text-align:right;"|1,512
|-
|{{flag|Albania}}
| style="text-align:right;"|1,134
| style="text-align:right;"|1,078
| style="text-align:right;"|1,130
| style="text-align:right;"|1,348
|-
|{{flagicon|EU}}{{flag|Netherlands}}
| style="text-align:right;"|298
| style="text-align:right;"|735
| style="text-align:right;"|1,040
| style="text-align:right;"|1,522
|-
|{{flagicon|EU}}{{flag|Cyprus}}
| style="text-align:right;"|244
| style="text-align:right;"|679
| style="text-align:right;"|1,008
| style="text-align:right;"|1,372
|-
|Unknown
| style="text-align:right;"|144
| style="text-align:right;"|166
| style="text-align:right;"|1,006
| style="text-align:right;"|
|}
Foreigners by nationality:
{| class="wikitable"
!
!2011
!2015
|-
|Total
| style="text-align:right;"|36,723
| style="text-align:right;"|65,622
|-
|{{flag|Russia}}
| style="text-align:right;"|11,991
| style="text-align:right;"|17,943
|-
|{{flag|Turkey}}
| style="text-align:right;"|2,741
| style="text-align:right;"|8,157
|-
|{{flag|Syria}}
| style="text-align:right;"|729
| style="text-align:right;"|7,508
|-
|{{flag|Ukraine}}
| style="text-align:right;"|3,064
| style="text-align:right;"|3,874
|-
|{{flag|UK}}
| style="text-align:right;"|2,605
| style="text-align:right;"|3,693
|-
|Unknown
| style="text-align:right;"|
| style="text-align:right;"|2,538
|-
|{{flagicon|EU}}{{flag|Greece}}
| style="text-align:right;"|1,253
| style="text-align:right;"|2,094
|-
|Stateless
| style="text-align:right;"|
| style="text-align:right;"|1,875
|-
|{{flag|North Macedonia}}
| style="text-align:right;"|1,091
| style="text-align:right;"|1,289
|-
|{{flagicon|EU}}{{flag|Germany}}
| style="text-align:right;"|848
| style="text-align:right;"|1,266
|-
|{{flag|Armenia}}
| style="text-align:right;"|1,167
| style="text-align:right;"|1,175
|-
|{{flag|China}}
| style="text-align:right;"|749
| style="text-align:right;"|1,147
|-
|{{flag|Moldova}}
| style="text-align:right;"|893
| style="text-align:right;"|1,018
|-
|{{flagicon|EU}}{{flag|Poland}}
| style="text-align:right;"|819
| style="text-align:right;"|978
|-
|{{flag|USA}}
| style="text-align:right;"|
| style="text-align:right;"|876
|-
|{{flagicon|EU}}{{flag|Italy}}
| style="text-align:right;"|456
| style="text-align:right;"|815
|-
|{{flag|Serbia}}
| style="text-align:right;"|569
| style="text-align:right;"|813
|-
|{{flag|Iraq}}
| style="text-align:right;"|706
| style="text-align:right;"|806
|-
|{{flag|Kazakhstan}}
| style="text-align:right;"|
| style="text-align:right;"|712
|}

===Net Migration===

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+Bulgaria Net Migration, 2007–present
! Year !! Immigrants !! Emigrants !! Net Migration
|-
| 2007 || 1,561 || 2,958 || -1,397
|-
| 2008 || 1,236 || 2,112 || -876
|-
| 2009 || 3,310 || 19,039 || -15,729
|-
| 2010 || 3,518 || 27,708 || -24,190
|-
| 2011 || 4,722 || 9,517 || -4,795
|-
| 2012 || 14,103 || 16,615 || -2,512
|-
| 2013 || 18,570 || 19,678 || -1,108
|-
| 2014 || 26,615 || 28,727 || -2,112
|-
| 2015 || 25,223 || 29,470 || -4,247
|-
| 2016 || 21,241 || 30,570 || -9,329
|-
| 2017 || 25,597 || 31,586 || -5,999
|-
| 2018 || 29,559 || 33,225 || -3,666
|-
| 2019 || 37,929 || 39,941 || -2,012
|-
| 2020 || 37,364 || 6,649 || 30,715
|-
| 2021 || 39,461 || 26,755 || 12,706
|-
| 2022 || 40,619 || 13,175 || 27,444
|-
| 2023 || 56,807 || 15,227 || 41,580
|-
| 2024 || 52,189 || 13,002 || 39,002
|}
<ref>Data extracted from Bulgaria Statistics. Retrieved from [Bulgaria Statistics website](http://www.bulgariastatistics.bg) on July 12, 2024.</ref>