Editing Abkhaz alphabet (section)

=== Comparison table ===
Letters or digraphs in brackets are not part of the alphabet.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Бгажба |first=Хухут Соломонович |url=http://apsnyteka.org/1478-bgazhba_kh_bzybsky_dialekt_abkhazskogo_jazyka_1964.html |title=Бзыбский диалект абхазского языка: Исследования и тексты |date=1964 |publisher=Издательство Академии Наук Грузинской ССР |location=Тбилиси |pages=410–415 |language=ru |trans-title=Bzyb dialect of the Abkhaz language}}</ref> Letters without a modern equivalent represent phonemes only present in the Bzyb dialect, as the literary standard dialect switched from Bzyb to Abzhywa.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Comrie |first=Bernard |title=The Languages of the Soviet Union |date=1981 |publisher=Cambridge university press |isbn=978-0-521-23230-2 |series=Cambridge language surveys |location=London New York Melbourne [etc.] |page=199}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Different iterations of the Abkhaz Cyrillic alphabet and transliteration systems<ref name=":1" />
|-----
! Modern Cyrillic<ref>The letters are listed per {{cite book |last1=Hewitt |first1=George |title=The Abkhazians |date=1998 |publisher=St. Martin's press |page=172}}. In {{cite book |last1=Chirikba |first1=Viacheslav A. |title=Abkhaz |date=2003 |publisher=LINCOM GmbH |isbn=3895861367 |page=15}} "Ь" and "Ә" are included as separate letters.</ref>
! Name
!Georgian script
!Soviet Latin script
!Analytical alphabet
!Traslation commitee
!Uslar alphabet
! [[ISO-9|ISO]]<ref name="pedersen">{{cite web |last1=Pedersen |first1=Thomas T. |title=Transliteration of Abkhaz |url=http://transliteration.eki.ee/pdf/Abkhaz_3.0.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://transliteration.eki.ee/pdf/Abkhaz_3.0.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live |website=Transliteration of Non-Roman Scripts |publisher=Institute of the Estonian Language |access-date=10 August 2021}}</ref>
! TITUS<ref name="pedersen" /> (Chirikba, 
where different<ref name="chirikba2">{{cite book |last1=Chirikba |first1=Viacheslav A. |title=Abkhaz |date=2003 |publisher=LINCOM GmbH |isbn=3895861367 |pages=18–21}}</ref>)
! IPA Value<ref>The IPA transcriptions are given per {{cite book |last1=Hewitt |first1=George |url=https://www.theswissbay.ch/pdf/Books/Linguistics/Mega%20linguistics%20pack/Caucasian/Abkhaz%20-%20A%20Comprehensive%20Self-Tutor%20%28Hewitt%29.pdf |title=Abkhaz |date=2010 |publisher=LINCOM |page=19}}, but the [[labialisation]] is represented by {{IPA|/ʷ/}} as in {{cite journal |last1=Hewitt |first1=B. G. |date=1979 |title=Abkhaz |journal=Lingua Descriptive Studies |volume=2 |page=259}}. The transcription of vowels is not consistent in the scholarly literature, see [[Abkhaz phonology#Vowels]] for details.</ref>
|-----
| А/а || А 
| align="center" |ა
| align="center" |a
| align="center" |a
| align="center" |а
| align="center" |а|| a || а || {{IPA|/ɑ/}}
|-----
| Б/б || Бы 
| align="center" |ბ
| align="center" |b
| align="center" |b
| align="center" |б
| align="center" |б|| b || b || {{IPA|/b/}}
|-----
| В/в || Вы 
| align="center" |ვ
| align="center" |v
| align="center" |v
| align="center" |в
| align="center" |в|| v || v || {{IPA|/v/}}
|-----
| Г/г || Гы 
| align="center" |გ
| align="center" |g
| align="center" |g
| align="center" |г
| align="center" |г|| g || g || {{IPA|/ɡ/}}
|-----
| Гь/гь || Гьы 
| align="center" |გჲ
| align="center" |(gı)
| align="center" |gˌ
| align="center" |г̆
| align="center" |(гj)|| gʹ || gʹ || {{IPA|/ɡʲ/}}
|-----
| Гә/гә (pre-1996: Гу/гу)|| Гәы 
| align="center" |(გუ)
| align="center" |(gu)
| align="center" |g˚
| align="center" |(гу)
| align="center" |(гу)|| ga̋<ref name="missing1" /> || gᵒ<ref name="missing1" /> || {{IPA|/ɡʷ/}}
|-----
| [[Ge with descender|Ӷ/ӷ]] (pre-1996: [[Ge with middle hook|Ҕ/ҕ]]) || Ӷы 
| align="center" |ღ
| align="center" |ƣ
| align="center" |ǧ
| align="center" |ҕ
| align="center" |г̓|| ğ || ɣ || {{IPA|/ʁ/}}
|-----
| Ӷь/ӷь (pre-1996: Ҕь/ҕь) || Ӷьы 
| align="center" |ღჲ
| align="center" |(ƣı)
| align="center" |ǧˌ
| align="center" |ҕ̆
| align="center" |(г̓j)|| ğʹ || ɣʹ || {{IPA|/ʁʲ/}}
|-----
| Ӷә/ӷә (pre-1996: Ҕу/ҕу) || Ӷәы 
| align="center" |(ღუ)
| align="center" |(ƣu)
| align="center" |ǧ˚
| align="center" |(ҕу)
| align="center" |(г̓у)|| ğa̋ <ref name="missing1" /> || ɣᵒ <ref name="missing1" /> ||  {{IPA|/ʁʷ/}}
|-----
| Д/д || Ды 
| align="center" |დ
| align="center" |d
| align="center" |d
| align="center" |д
| align="center" |д|| d || d || {{IPA|/d/}}
|-----
| Дә/дә || Дәы 
| align="center" |დჿ
| align="center" |đ
| align="center" |d˚
| align="center" |ꚁ
| align="center" |д̓|| da̋ || dᵒ || {{IPA|/dʷ/}}
|-----
| Е/е || Е 
| align="center" |ე
| align="center" |e
| align="center" |e
| align="center" |е
| align="center" |е|| e || e || {{IPA|/e/}}
|-----
| Ж/ж || Жы 
| align="center" |ჟჾ
| align="center" |ƶ
| align="center" |ȷ
| align="center" |ж
| align="center" |ж|| ž || ž || {{IPA|/ʐ/}}
|-----
| Жь/жь || Жьы 
| align="center" |ჟ
| align="center" |[[File:Latin_small_letter_reversed_Ghe_with_long_leg.svg|12x12px]]
| align="center" |ȷˌ
| align="center" |ӂ
| align="center" |(жj)|| žʹ || žʹ || {{IPA|/ʒ/}}
|-----
| Жә/жә || Жәы 
| align="center" |ჟჿ
| align="center" |j
| align="center" |ȷ˚
| align="center" |ꚅ
| align="center" |ꚅ|| ža̋ || žᵒ || {{IPA|/ʒʷ/}}
|-
|
|
| align="center" |
| align="center" |
| align="center" |ȷˌ˚
| align="center" |ꚅ̆
| align="center" |ꚅ̓
|
|
|{{IPA|/ʑʷ/}}
|-----
| З/з || Зы 
| align="center" |ზ
|z
| align="center" |z
| align="center" |з
| align="center" |з|| z || z || {{IPA|/z/}}
|-
|
|
| align="center" |
|
| align="center" |ⱬ
| align="center" |
| align="center" |
|
|
|{{IPA|/ʑ/}}
|-----
| [[Abkhazian Dze|Ӡ/ӡ]] || Ӡы 
| align="center" |ძ
| align="center" |ᴣ
| align="center" |ď
| align="center" |ӡ
| align="center" |ꚉ|| ź || ʒ || {{IPA|/d͡z/}}
|-
|
|
| align="center" |
| align="center" |
| align="center" |ďˌ
| align="center" |
| align="center" |
|
|
|{{IPA|/d͡ʑ/}}
|-----
| Ӡә/ӡә || Ӡәы 
| align="center" |ძჿ
| align="center" |ⱬ
| align="center" |ď˚
| align="center" |ꚃ
| align="center" |ꚃ|| źa̋ || ʒᵒ || {{IPA|/d͡ʑʷ/}}
|-----
| И/и || Иы 
| align="center" |ი
|i
| align="center" |i
| align="center" |i
| align="center" |i|| i || i, j || {{IPA|/j(i), i(:)/}}
|-
|
|
| align="center" |
|
| align="center" |y
| align="center" |
| align="center" |j
|
|
|{{IPA|/j/}}
|-----
| К/к || Кы 
| align="center" |კ
| align="center" |ⱪ
| align="center" |k
| align="center" |к
| align="center" |к|| k || ḳ (kʼ) || {{IPA|/kʼ/}}
|-----
| Кь/кь || Кьы 
| align="center" |კჲ
| align="center" |(ⱪı)
| align="center" |ⱪ
| align="center" |к̆
| align="center" |(кj)|| kʹ || ḳʹ (kʼʹ) || /kʲʼ/
|-----
| Кә/кә (pre-1996: Ку/ку) || Кәы 
| align="center" |(კუ)
| align="center" |(ⱪu)
| align="center" |k˚
| align="center" |(ку)
| align="center" |(ку)|| ka̋ <ref name="missing1">Pedersen uses the pre-1996 reform alphabet in which these were not considered separate letters. See the transliterations in note 4.1 on page 3</ref> || ḳᵒ<ref name="missing1" /> (kʼᵒ) || /kʷʼ/
|-----
| [[Ka with descender|Қ/қ]] || Қы 
| align="center" |ქ
| align="center" |k
| align="center" |q
| align="center" |ӄ
| align="center" |к̓|| ķ || k || {{IPA|/k/}}
|-----
| Қь/қь || Қьы 
| align="center" |ქჲ
| align="center" |(kı)
| align="center" |qˌ
| align="center" |ӄ̆
| align="center" |(к̓j)|| ķʹ || kʹ || {{IPA|/kʲ/}}
|-----
| Қә/қә (pre-1996: Ӄу/ӄу) || Қәы 
| align="center" |(ქუ)
| align="center" |(ku)
| align="center" |q˚
| align="center" |(ӄу)
| align="center" |(к̓у)|| ķa̋ <ref name="missing1" /> || kᵒ <ref name="missing1" /> || {{IPA|/kʷ/}}
|-----
| [[Ka with stroke|Ҟ/ҟ]] || Ҟы 
| align="center" |ყ
| align="center" |q
| align="center" |k̇
| align="center" |q
| align="center" |q|| k̄ || q̇ (qʼ) || {{IPA|/qʼ/}}
|-----
| Ҟь/ҟь || Ҟьы 
| align="center" |ყჲ
| align="center" |(qı)
| align="center" |ⱪ̇
| align="center" |q̆
| align="center" |(qj)|| k̄ʹ || q̇ʹ (qʼʹ) || /qʲʼ/
|-----
| Ҟә/ҟә (pre-1996: Ҟу/ҟу) || Ҟәы 
| align="center" |(ყუ)
| align="center" |(qu)
| align="center" |k̇˚
| align="center" |(qу)
| align="center" |(qу)|| k̄a̋ <ref name="missing1" /> || q̇ᵒ<ref name="missing1" /> (qʼᵒ) || {{IPA|/qʷʼ/}}
|-----
| Л/л || Лы 
| align="center" |ლ
| align="center" |l
| align="center" |l
| align="center" |л
| align="center" |л|| l || l || {{IPA|/l/}}
|-----
| М/м || Мы 
| align="center" |მ
| align="center" |m
| align="center" |m
| align="center" |м
| align="center" |м|| m || m || {{IPA|/m/}}
|-----
| Н/н || Ны 
| align="center" |ნ
| align="center" |n
| align="center" |n
| align="center" |н
| align="center" |н|| n || n || {{IPA|/n/}}
|-----
| О/о || О 
| align="center" |ო
| align="center" |o
| align="center" |o
| align="center" |о
| align="center" |о|| o || o || {{IPA|/o/}}
|-----
| П/п || Пы 
| align="center" |პ
| align="center" |[[File:Latin_small_letter_open_P.svg|12x12px]]
| align="center" |p
| align="center" |п
| align="center" |п|| p || ṗ (pʼ) || {{IPA|/pʼ/}}
|-----
| [[Pe with descender|Ԥ/ԥ]] (pre-1996: [[Pe with middle hook|Ҧ/ҧ]]) || Ԥы 
| align="center" |ფ
| align="center" |p
| align="center" |[[File:Latin_small_letter_abkhasian_Che.svg|12x12px]]
| align="center" |ҧ
| align="center" |п̓|| ṕ || p || {{IPA|/pʰ/}}
|-----
| Р/р || Ры 
| align="center" |რ
| align="center" |r
| align="center" |r
| align="center" |р
| align="center" |р|| r || r || {{IPA|/r/}}
|-----
| С/с || Сы 
| align="center" |ს
| align="center" |s
| align="center" |s
| align="center" |с
| align="center" |с|| s || s || {{IPA|/s/}}
|-
|
|
| align="center" |
| align="center" |
| align="center" |sˌ
| align="center" |
| align="center" |ҫ
|
|
|{{IPA|/ɕ/}}
|-----
| Т/т || Ты 
| align="center" |ტ
| align="center" |[[File:Latin_small_letter_T_with_descender.svg|12x12px]]
| align="center" |t
| align="center" |т
| align="center" |т|| t || ṭ (tʼ)|| {{IPA|/tʼ/}}
|-----
| Тә/тә || Тәы 
| align="center" |ტჿ
| align="center" |[[File:Latin_small_letter_Tp_with_descender.svg|10x10px]]
| align="center" |t˚
| align="center" |ꚍ̆
| align="center" |ꚍ̆|| ta̋ || ṭᵒ (tʼᵒ) || {{IPA|/tʷʼ/}}
|-----
| [[Te with descender|Ҭ/ҭ]] || Ҭы 
| align="center" |თ
| align="center" |t
| align="center" |ϑ
| align="center" |ꚋ
| align="center" |т̓|| ţ || t || {{IPA|/tʰ/}}
|-----
| Ҭә/ҭә || Ҭәы 
| align="center" |თჿ
| align="center" |[[File:Latin_small_letter_Tp.svg|9x9px]]
| align="center" |ϑ˚
| align="center" |ꚍ
| align="center" |ꚍ|| ţa̋ || tᵒ || {{IPA|/tʷʰ/}}
|-----
| У/у || Уы 
| align="center" |უ
| align="center" |u
| align="center" |w
| align="center" |у
| align="center" |у|| u || w, u<ref>Prior to the 1996 reform ⟨у⟩ indicated labialisation after certain letters which is transliterated as ⟨ᵒ⟩ in the TITUS system</ref> || {{IPA|/u(:),w(ɵ)/}}
|-----
| Ф/ф || Фы 
| align="center" |ჶ
| align="center" |f
| align="center" |f
| align="center" |ф
| align="center" |ф|| f || f || {{IPA|/f/}}
|-----
| Х/х || Хы 
| align="center" |ხ
| align="center" |x
| align="center" |q̇
| align="center" |х
| align="center" |х|| h || x || {{IPA|/χ/}}
|-----
| Хь/хь || Хьы 
| align="center" |ხჲ
| align="center" |(xı)
| align="center" |q̇ˌ
| align="center" |х̆
| align="center" |(хj)|| hʹ || xʹ || {{IPA|/χʲ/}}
|-----
| Хә/хә (pre-1996: Ху/ху)|| Хәы 
| align="center" |(ხუ)
| align="center" |(xu)
| align="center" |q̇˚
| align="center" |(ху)
| align="center" |(ху)|| ha̋ || xᵒ || {{IPA|/χʷ/}}
|-
|
|
| align="center" |
| align="center" |
| align="center" |q̱̇
| align="center" |
| align="center" |х̍
|
|
|{{IPA|/χˤ/}}
|-
|
|
| align="center" |
| align="center" |
| align="center" |q̱̇˚
| align="center" |
| align="center" |(х̍у)
|
|
|{{IPA|/χˤʷ/}}
|-----
| [[Kha with descender|Ҳ/ҳ]] || Ҳы 
| align="center" |ჰ
| align="center" |h
| align="center" |ħ
| align="center" |h
| align="center" |h|| h̦ || ḥ (h) || {{IPA|/ħ/}}
|-----
| Ҳә/ҳә || Ҳәы 
| align="center" |ჰჿ
| align="center" |ħ
| align="center" |ħ˚
| align="center" |ꚕ
| align="center" |ꚕ|| h̦a̋ || ḥᵒ (hᵒ) || {{IPA|/ħʷ/}}
|-----
| Ц/ц || Цы 
| align="center" |ც
| align="center" |c
| align="center" |ϑ̇
| align="center" |ц
| align="center" |ц|| c || c || {{IPA|/t͡sʰ/}}
|-
|
|
| align="center" |
| align="center" |
| align="center" |ϑ̇ˌ
| align="center" |
| align="center" |ц̍
|
|
|{{IPA|/t͡ɕ/}}
|-----
| Цә/цә || Цәы 
| align="center" |ცჿ
| align="center" |[[File:Latin_small_letter_reversed_Ghe_with_low_left_hook.svg|12x12px]]
| align="center" |ϑ̇˚
| align="center" |ꚏ
| align="center" |ꚏ|| ca̋ || cᵒ || {{IPA|/t͡ɕʷʰ/}}
|-----
| [[Ҵ|Ҵ/ҵ]] || Ҵы 
| align="center" |წ
| align="center" |[[File:Latin_small_letter_C_with_descender.svg|10x10px]]
| align="center" |ṫ
| align="center" |ҵ
| align="center" |ц̓|| c̄ || c̣ (cʼ) ||  {{IPA|/t͡sʼ/}}
|-----
| Ҵә/ҵә || Ҵәы 
| align="center" |წჿ
| align="center" |[[File:Latin_small_letter_reversed_Ghe_with_stroke.svg|12x12px]]
| align="center" |ṫ˚
| align="center" |ꚏ̆
| align="center" |ꚏ̆|| c̄a̋ || c̣ᵒ (cʼᵒ) || {{IPA|/t͡ɕʷʼ/}}
|-
|
|
| align="center" |
| align="center" |
| align="center" |ṫˌ
| align="center" |
| align="center" |т̨
|
|
|{{IPA|/t͡ɕʼ/}}
|-----
| Ч/ч || Чы 
| align="center" |ჩ
| align="center" |ɥ
| align="center" |ϑ̣
| align="center" |ч
| align="center" |ч|| č || čʹ || {{IPA|/t͡ʃʰ/}}
|-----
| [[Che with descender|Ҷ/ҷ]] || Ҷы 
| align="center" |ჭ
| align="center" |[[File:Latin_small_letter_turned_H_with_stroke.svg|12x12px]]
| align="center" |ṭ
| align="center" |ꚓ
| align="center" |ч̓|| c̦ || č̣ʹ (čʼʹ) || {{IPA|/t͡ʃʼ/}}
|-----
| [[Abkhazian Che|Ҽ/ҽ]] || Ҽы 
| align="center" |ჩჾ
| align="center" |[[File:Latin_small_letter_abkhasian_Che.svg|12x12px]]
| align="center" |ϑ̱̣
| align="center" |ҽ
| align="center" |ꚇ|| c̆ || č || {{IPA|/ʈ͡ʂʰ/}}
|-----
| [[Abkhazian Che with descender|Ҿ/ҿ]] || Ҿы 
| align="center" |ჭჾ
| align="center" |[[File:Latin_small_letter_abkhasian_Che_with_descender.svg|11x11px]]
| align="center" |ṯ̣
| align="center" |ҽ̆
| align="center" |ꚇ̆|| ̦c̆ <ref>The lower hook is centered</ref> || č̣  (čʼ)|| {{IPA|/ʈ͡ʂʼ/}}
|-----
| Ш/ш || Шы 
| align="center" |შჾ
| align="center" |[[File:Latin_small_letter_S_with_descender.svg|10x10px]]
| align="center" |ш
| align="center" |ш
| align="center" |ш|| š || š || {{IPA|/ʂ/}}
|-----
| Шь/шь || Шьы 
| align="center" |შ
| align="center" |ſ
| align="center" |щ
| align="center" |ш̆
| align="center" |ш̆|| šʹ || šʹ || {{IPA|/ʃ/}}
|-----
| Шә/шә || Шәы 
| align="center" |შჿ
| align="center" |[[File:Latin_small_letter_reflected_F.svg|12x12px]]
| align="center" |ш˚
| align="center" |ꚗ
| align="center" |щ|| ša̋ || šᵒ ||  {{IPA|/ʃʷ/}}
|-
|
|
| align="center" |
| align="center" |
| align="center" |щ˚
| align="center" |ꚗ̆
| align="center" |щ̆
|
|
|{{IPA|/ɕʷ/}}
|-----
| Ы/ы || Ы 
| align="center" |ჷ
| align="center" |ə
| align="center" |ə
| align="center" |ѵ
| align="center" |ѵ|| y || ə || {{IPA|/ɨ/}}
|-----
| [[O-hook|Ҩ/ҩ]] ||Ҩы 
| align="center" |ჳ
| align="center" |y
| align="center" |w̧
| align="center" |ҩ
| align="center" |ҩ|| ò || ʿᵒ (jᵒ) || {{IPA|/ɥ/}}
|-----
| [[Dzhe|Џ/џ]] || Џы 
| align="center" |ჯჾ
| align="center" |[[File:Latin_small_letter_script_G_with_ascender.svg|15x15px]]
| align="center" |ḓ
| align="center" |џ
| align="center" | || d̂<ref name="missing">ISO 9 and TITUS transliteration not provided by T. Pedersen</ref> || ǯ<ref name="missing" /> || {{IPA|/ɖ͡ʐ/}}
|-----
| Џь/џь || Џьы 
| align="center" |ჯ
| align="center" |ꝗ
| align="center" |ḏ̣
| align="center" |џ̆
| align="center" |џ|| d̂ <ref name="missing" /> || ǯʹ <ref name="missing" /> || {{IPA|/d͡ʒ/}}
|-
|Ь/ь
|
|ჲ
|ı
|
|
|j
|ʹ
|
|{{IPA|/◌ʲ/}}
|-
|Ә/ә
|
|უ
|(u)
|
|
|у
|a̋
|
|{{IPA|/◌ʷ/}}
|}