Editing Latin conjugation (section)

=== Infinitives {{anchor|The infinitives}} ===
{{See also|Infinitive|Latin syntax#The infinitive}}

There are seven main infinitives. They are in the present active, present passive, perfect active, perfect passive, future active, future passive, and potential active. Further infinitives can be made using the gerundive.
*The '''present active infinitive''' is the second principal part (in regular verbs). It plays an important role in the syntactic construction of [[Accusative and infinitive]], for instance.
**{{lang|la|laudāre}} means, "to praise."
*The '''present passive infinitive''' is formed by adding a ''–rī'' to the present stem. This is only so for the first, second and fourth conjugations. In the third conjugation, the thematical vowel, ''e'', is taken from the present stem, and an ''–ī'' is added.
**{{lang|la|laudārī}} translates as "to be praised."
*The '''perfect active infinitive''' is formed by adding an ''–isse'' onto the perfect stem.
**{{lang|la|laudāvisse/laudāsse}} translates as "to have praised."
*The '''perfect passive infinitive''' uses the perfect passive participle along with the auxiliary verb {{lang|la|esse}}. The perfect passive infinitive must agree with what it is describing in number, gender, and case (nominative or accusative).
**{{lang|la|laudātus esse}} means, "to have been praised."
*The '''future active infinitive''' uses the future active participle with the auxiliary verb {{lang|la|esse}}.
**{{lang|la|laudātūrus esse}} means, "to be going to praise." The future active infinitive must agree with what it is describing in number, gender, and case (nominative or accusative).
**{{lang|la|Esse}} has two future infinitives: {{lang|la|futurus esse}} and {{lang|la|fore}}
*The '''future passive infinitive''' uses the supine with the auxiliary verb {{lang|la|īrī}}. Because the first part is a supine, the ending ''-um'' does not change for gender or number.
**{{lang|la|laudātum īrī}} is translated as "to be going to be praised." This is normally used in indirect speech. For example: {{lang|la|Spērat sē absolūtum īrī.}}<ref>Cicero, ''Sull.'' 21.</ref> "He hopes that he will be acquitted."
*The '''potential infinitive''' uses the future active participle with the auxiliary verb {{lang|la|fuisse}}.
**{{lang|la|laudātūrus fuisse}} is used only in indirect statements to represent a potential imperfect or pluperfect subjunctive of direct speech. It is translated with "would" or "would have". For example: {{lang|la|nōn vidētur <u>mentītūrus fuisse</u>, nisī dēspērāsset}} (Quintilian)<ref>Quintilian, 5.12.3.</ref> 'it seems unlikely that he would have told a lie, if he had not been desperate'

{| class="wikitable"
|+Infinitives (with masculine endings used for participles)

|-
! 
! {{lang|la|laudāre|italic=no}}
! {{lang|la|terrēre|italic=no}}
! {{lang|la|petere|italic=no}}
! {{lang|la|capere|italic=no}}
! {{lang|la|audīre|italic=no}}
|-
! Present active
| {{lang|la|laudāre|italic=no}} || {{lang|la|terrēre|italic=no}} || {{lang|la|petere|italic=no}} || {{lang|la|capere|italic=no}} || {{lang|la|audīre|italic=no}}
|-
! Present passive
| {{lang|la|laudārī|italic=no}} || {{lang|la|terrērī|italic=no}} || {{lang|la|petī|italic=no}} || {{lang|la|capī|italic=no}} || {{lang|la|audīrī|italic=no}}
|-
! Perfect active
| {{lang|la|laudāvisse|italic=no}} || {{lang|la|terruisse|italic=no}} || {{lang|la|petīvisse|italic=no}} || {{lang|la|cēpisse|italic=no}} || {{lang|la|audīvisse|italic=no}}
|-
! Perfect passive
| {{lang|la|laudātus esse|italic=no}} || {{lang|la|territus esse|italic=no}} || {{lang|la|petītus esse|italic=no}} || {{lang|la|captus esse|italic=no}} || {{lang|la|audītus esse|italic=no}}
|-
! Future active
| {{lang|la|laudātūrus esse|italic=no}} || {{lang|la|territūrus esse|italic=no}} || {{lang|la|petītūrus esse|italic=no}} || {{lang|la|captūrus esse|italic=no}} || {{lang|la|audītūrus esse|italic=no}}
|-
! Future passive
| {{lang|la|laudātum īrī|italic=no}} || {{lang|la|territum īrī|italic=no}}|| {{lang|la|petītum īrī|italic=no}} || {{lang|la|captum īrī|italic=no}} || {{lang|la|audītum īrī|italic=no}}
|-
! Potential
| {{lang|la|laudātūrus fuisse|italic=no}} || {{lang|la|territūrus fuisse|italic=no}} || {{lang|la|petītūrus fuisse|italic=no}} || {{lang|la|captūrus fuisse|italic=no}} || {{lang|la|audītūrus fuisse|italic=no}}
|}

The future passive infinitive was not very commonly used. The Romans themselves often used an alternate expression, {{lang|la|fore ut}} followed by a subjunctive clause.