Editing Wuhan (section)

== Transportation ==
=== Railways ===
[[China Railway Wuhan Group]] manages the [[Wuhan Railway Hub]]. Wuhan Railway Hub is considered one of the four key [[railway hub]]s of China.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.sina.com.cn/c/2005-03-18/07485392256s.shtml |script-title=zh:铁道部规划建设北京上海广州武汉四大铁路枢纽 |website=[[Sina Corp|Sina]] News |date=March 18, 2005 |access-date=February 20, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111116182904/http://news.sina.com.cn/c/2005-03-18/07485392256s.shtml |archive-date=November 16, 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref> The city of Wuhan is served by three major railway stations: the [[Hankou railway station]] in [[Hankou District|Hankou]], the [[Wuchang railway station]] in [[Wuchang, Hubei|Wuchang]], and the [[Wuhan railway station]], located in a newly developed area east of the [[East Lake (Wuhan)|East Lake]] ([[Hongshan District, Wuhan|Hongshan District]]). As the stations are many miles apart, it is important for passengers to be aware of the particular station(s) used by a particular train.

The (original) Hankou Station was the terminus for the [[Jinghan railway]] from Beijing, while the Wuchang Station was the terminus for the [[Yuehan railway]] to Guangzhou. Since the construction of the First Yangtze Bridge and the linking of the two lines into the [[Jingguang railway]], both Hankou and Wuchang stations have been served by trains going to all directions, which contrasts with the situation in such cities as New York or Moscow, where different stations serve different directions.

With the opening of the [[Hewu passenger railway|Hefei-Wuhan high-speed railway]] on April 1, 2009,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www2.chinadaily.com.cn/bizchina/2009-03/24/content_7610613.htm|title=Two high-speed rail links start April 1|website=www2.chinadaily.com.cn|access-date=March 15, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090327141648/http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/bizchina/2009-03/24/content_7610613.htm|archive-date=March 27, 2009|url-status=live}}</ref> Wuhan became served by high-speed trains with Hefei, Nanjing, and Shanghai; several trains a day now connect the city with Shanghai, getting there in under six hours. As of early 2010, most of these express trains leave from the [[Hankou railway station]].

In 2006, construction began on the new [[Wuhan railway station]] with 11 platforms, located on the northeastern outskirts of the city. In December 2009, the station was opened, as China unveiled its [[Wuhan–Guangzhou High-Speed Railway|second high-speed train]] with scheduled runs from Guangzhou to Wuhan. Billed as the fastest train in the world, it can reach a speed of {{convert|394|km/h|2|abbr=on}}. The travel time between the two cities has been reduced from ten and a half hours to just three. The rail service has been extended north to Beijing.<ref>[Source: Beijing (AFP), Sat December 26, 7:54 am ET]</ref>

{{As of|2011}}, the new [[Wuhan railway station]] is primarily used by the Wuhan-Guangzhou high-speed trains, while most regular trains to other destinations continue to use the Hankou and Wuchang stations.

Construction work is carried out on several lines of the new [[Wuhan Metropolitan Area intercity railway]], which will eventually connect Wuhan's three main rail terminals with several stations throughout the city's outer areas and farther suburbs, as well as with the nearby cities of [[Xianning]], [[Huangshi]], [[Huanggang]], and [[Xiaogan]]. The first line of the system, [[Wuhan–Xianning Intercity Railway|the one to Xianning]], opened for passenger operations at the end of 2013. The line to [[Wuhan–Xiaogan intercity railway|Xiaogen]] opened on December 1, 2016, and it was extended with the opening of the [[Wuhan–Shiyan high-speed railway]] to Shiyan on November 29, 2019.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hb.chinanews.com/news/2016/1201/266267.html |script-title=zh:武孝城际铁路正式开通 市民可以坐城铁赶飞机 |trans-title=Wuhan–Xiaogan intercity railway officially opens; city residents can take the line to catch flights |language=zh |website=chinanews.com Hubei |date=December 1, 2016 |access-date=December 19, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171109191244/http://www.hb.chinanews.com/news/2016/1201/266267.html |archive-date=November 9, 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Wuhan – Shiyan high speed line opens |url=https://www.railwaygazette.com/high-speed/wuhan-shiyan-high-speed-line-opens/55242.article |website=Railway Gazette International |access-date=December 1, 2019 |date=November 29, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219204110/https://www.railwaygazette.com/high-speed/wuhan-shiyan-high-speed-line-opens/55242.article |archive-date=December 19, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref>

The main freight railway station and [[classification yard]] of the Wuhan metropolitan area is the extensive [[Wuhan North railway station]], with 112 tracks and over 650 switches. It is located in {{ill|Hengdian Subdistrict|zh|横店街道}} of [[Huangpi District]], located {{convert|20|km|0|abbr=on}} north of the Wuhan Station and {{convert|23|km|0|abbr=on}} from Hankou Station.
{{Gallery
|title=
|footer=
|width=160
|height=120
|align=center
|File:A Postcard of Hankow Station from 1927.jpg|[[Dazhimen railway station]], out of use currently
|File:Wuchang Railway Station.jpg|[[Wuchang railway station]]
|File:Hankou Railway Station 2016.jpg|[[Hankou railway station]]
|File:Wuhan Railway Station 230527.jpg|[[Wuhan railway station]]
|File:Platform of Wuhan Station 8.jpg|Platform view of Wuhan railway station
|File:Wuhan Metropolitan Area Intercity Railways.svg|Map of Wuhan Metropolitan Area intercity railways
}}

===Metro===
{{main|Wuhan Metro}}
[[Wuhan Metro]] is a [[rapid transit]] system serving the city of Wuhan. Owned and operated by Wuhan Metro Group Co., Ltd., the network now includes 11 lines, 282 stations, and {{convert|435|km|mi||abbr=on}} of route length. Line 1, the first line in the system, opened on July 28, 2004, making Wuhan the seventh city in [[mainland China]] with a [[rapid transit]] system, after [[Beijing Subway|Beijing]], [[Tianjin Metro|Tianjin]], [[Shanghai Metro|Shanghai]], [[Guangzhou Metro|Guangzhou]], [[Changchun Rail Transit|Changchun]], and [[Dalian Metro|Dalian]].<ref name="urbanrail1">{{cite web |url=http://urbanrail.net/as/wuha/wuhan.htm |title=> Asia > China > Wuhan Metro |publisher=UrbanRail.Net |access-date=April 21, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100409135157/http://www.urbanrail.net/as/wuha/wuhan.htm |archive-date=April 9, 2010 }}</ref> Line 2 opened on December 28, 2012, and is the first underground metro line crossing the [[Yangtze River]]. Commuting across the Yangtze River and Han River has been the bottleneck of Wuhan traffic. However, the appearance of Wuhan Metro greatly relieved this problem. With 1.22 billion annual passengers in 2019, Wuhan Metro is the sixth-busiest rapid transit system in [[mainland China]].<ref name="全来了！2019年中国城市地铁客运量总结">{{cite web |url = https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/7aCHDocl1-JvLA9QEJPQsw |script-title = zh:全来了！2019年中国城市地铁客运量总结 |author = [[WeChat]]@地铁客流及运输研究阿牛 |date = February 15, 2020 |publisher = 中国城市轨道交通协会 |access-date = September 24, 2024 |archive-date = February 18, 2020 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200218073257/https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/7aCHDocl1-JvLA9QEJPQsw |url-status = live }}</ref> Wuhan Metro is a rapidly developing metro system. There are a number of lines or sections under construction. The government of Wuhan City promised the citizens that at least two lines or sections open every year.<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.sohu.com/a/50849861_160929 |script-title = zh:今后五年 每年开通两条地铁线 |date = December 28, 2015 |script-work = zh:武汉晨报 |via = [[Sohu]] |access-date = September 24, 2024 |archive-date = October 19, 2020 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201019224358/https://www.sohu.com/a/50849861_160929 |url-status = live }}</ref> Due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic]], the entire network was out of service from January 23 to March 27, 2020.
{{Gallery
|title=
|footer=
|width=160
|height=120
|align=center
|File:Wuhan Metro System Map.svg|Wuhan Metro Map
|File:NO. D51 train of Wuhan Metro Line 4.jpg|[[Line 4 (Wuhan Metro)|Wuhan Metro Line 4]]
|File:Rolling stock of Wuhan Metro Line 19 (1).jpg|Train interior of [[Line 19 (Wuhan Metro)|Wuhan Metro Line 19]]
|File:Taipingyang Station, Wuhan Metro Line 1.jpg|[[Taipingyang Station]]
|File:Huangpu Road Station in 2017 (6).jpg|[[Huangpu Road Station]]
|File:新月溪公园站站台（2）.jpg|Xinyuexi Park station}}

===Trams===
[[File:Wuhan - Guanngu Streetcar - Wudayuan - P1520430.JPG|thumb|A tram in University Science Park Station]]
[[File:Optics Valley Suspended Monorail (2).jpg|thumb|Optics Valley Sky Rail]]
{{main|Trams in Wuhan}}
Trams were brought to the streets of Wuhan on July 28, 2017, with the first line (Auto-city T1 Line) opened that day.<ref name="xinhuanet-T1">{{cite web|url=http://www.hb.xinhuanet.com/2017-07/24/c_1121369289.htm|website=hb.xinhuanet.com|script-title=zh:华中首条有轨电车武汉车都T1线本周五试运营_新华网|access-date=September 4, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170905002811/http://www.hb.xinhuanet.com/2017-07/24/c_1121369289.htm|archive-date=September 5, 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> The trams under construction or planning in Wuhan are:
* Auto-city trams, with Lines T1, T2, T6, and T8 in the Wuhan Economic Development Area, in the far western reaches on Hanyang. T1 Line is operational as of 2017.
* Optics Valley trams, two lines (T1 and T2) south and east of Guanggu Circle (''Guanggu Guangchang'') in southeastern Wuchang. The system opened on January 18, 2018.<ref>[http://www.metro-report.com/news/single-view/view/wuhan-opens-optics-valley-light-rail-network.html Wuhan opens Optics Valley light rail network] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180205184347/http://www.metro-report.com/news/single-view/view/wuhan-opens-optics-valley-light-rail-network.html |date=February 5, 2018 }}, January 19, 2018</ref>
* The Old Hankou Streetcar, a loop line around Hankou city.

===Buses===
Local transport is also provided by buses, including [[trolleybus]]es. The trolleybus system has been operation since 1958.<ref name="murray">{{cite book |last=Murray |first=Alan |title=World Trolleybus Encyclopaedia |date=2000 |page =84 |publisher=Trolleybooks |location=Yateley, Hampshire, UK |isbn=0-904235-18-1}}</ref> Its first route, which remains in operation today, is [[Wuhan trolleybus route 1|route 1]].

===Maritime transport===
Wuhan is a major hub for maritime transport in central China. The [[Port of Wuhan]] provide services for the local population and shipping services.

===Ferry===
Located on the banks of the Yangtze River, Wuhan has a long history of ferry services. Modern ferry services were established in 1900 by steam boat. In 1937, a train ferry was established to transport train cars from Hankou to Wuchang.<ref name="火车轮渡守候47年的人文景观 ">{{cite web | url=http://cjmp.cnhan.com/cjrb/html/2013-01/17/content_5111902.htm | archive-url=https://archive.today/20130425140211/http://cjmp.cnhan.com/cjrb/html/2013-01/17/content_5111902.htm | url-status=dead | archive-date=April 25, 2013 |script-title=zh:火车轮渡守候47年的人文景观 | access-date=January 17, 2013 }}</ref> There are numbered stops around Wuhan where people can get on and off the ferry and there is a tourist ferry in the night.

Currently, ferry services are provided by the Wuhan Ferry Company. In 2010, the company bought ten new ships to replace those that had been in service for 29 years.<ref name="Wuhan Ferry ">{{cite web | url=http://www.whlundu.com/Home/About | title=Wuhan Ferry Company Information | access-date=January 22, 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180112033249/http://www.whlundu.com/Home/About | archive-date=January 12, 2018 | url-status=dead | df=mdy-all }}</ref>

=== Airports ===
{{Main|Wuhan Tianhe International Airport}}
[[File:Tianhe Airport Terminal 3 (03).jpg|left|thumb|Terminal 3 of Wuhan Tianhe Airport]]
[[Wuhan Tianhe International Airport]] is one of the busiest airports in central China. The airport opened in April 1995 to replace the old Hankou Wangjiadun Airport and [[Wuhan Nanhu Airport|Nanhu Airport]] as the major airport of Wuhan.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.cnhubei.com/xwzt/2008zt/hbgg30y/bhdss/tianhe/fazhan/200804/t287403.shtml | script-title=zh:1995年4月15日武汉天河机场投入营运 | publisher=荆楚网 | date=April 17, 2008 | access-date=June 30, 2011 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107024254/http://www.cnhubei.com/xwzt/2008zt/hbgg30y/bhdss/tianhe/fazhan/200804/t287403.shtml | archive-date=November 7, 2017 | url-status=dead | df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.takungpao.com:82/news/07/06/08/ZM-748475.htm|script-title=zh:中國空軍漢口機場歷經10年竣工|publisher=大公網|date=June 8, 2007|access-date=February 11, 2008}}{{dead link|date=April 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> It is located in Wuhan's suburban [[Huangpi District]], {{convert|26|km|sp=us}} north of Wuhan city proper. The extension of Line 2 of [[Wuhan Metro]] to Tianhe Airport opened on December 28, 2016.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.cnhubei.com/xw/wuhan/201612/t3765235.shtml |script-title=zh:武汉地铁机场线开通 乘地铁赶飞机还需留意这两点 |access-date=February 23, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180304004459/http://news.cnhubei.com/xw/wuhan/201612/t3765235.shtml |archive-date=March 4, 2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref> It has also been selected as China's fourth international hub airport after [[Beijing Capital International Airport|Beijing Capital]], [[Shanghai Pudong International Airport|Shanghai Pudong]] and [[Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport|Guangzhou Baiyun]]. A second terminal was completed in March 2008, having been started in February 2005 with an investment of CNY 3.372 billion. International flights to neighboring Asian countries have also been enhanced, including direct flights to [[Tokyo]] and [[Nagoya]], Japan. Terminal 3 has been available for service since early 2017.

[[Wuhan Hannan General Airport]] is an airport dedicated to general aviation, located in [[Hannan District]] of Wuhan. It is the largest airport in China that only handles general aviation.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wuhan.gov.cn/hbgovinfo_47/szfggxxml/zdjsxm/201710/t20171027_140284.html|script-title=zh:武汉首个通用航空机场建成启用|website=www.wuhan.gov.cn|access-date=November 4, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201031959/http://www.wuhan.gov.cn/hbgovinfo_47/szfggxxml/zdjsxm/201710/t20171027_140284.html|archive-date=December 1, 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> On December 1, 2017, construction began on [[Wuhan Caidian General Airport]], another airport dedicated to general aviation, which is located in [[Caidian District]] of Wuhan.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://finance.sina.com.cn/roll/2017-12-01/doc-ifyphtze3299067.shtml|script-title=zh:武汉开建第二座通用机场 预计2018年底竣工|website=finance.sina.com.cn|date=December 2017|access-date=December 2, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171203082726/http://finance.sina.com.cn/roll/2017-12-01/doc-ifyphtze3299067.shtml|archive-date=December 3, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Highways and expressways ===
Numerous major highways and expressways pass through Wuhan, including:
* [[China National Highway 107]]
* [[China National Highway 316]]
* [[China National Highway 318]]
* [[G42 Shanghai–Chengdu Expressway]]
* [[G0422 Wuhan–Shenzhen Expressway]]

===Bicycle-sharing system===
{{As of|2011|05}}, the Wuhan and [[Hangzhou Public Bicycle]] bike-share systems in China were the largest in the world, with around 90,000 and 60,000 bicycles respectively.<ref name="Access2011">{{cite web|url=http://www.uctc.net/access/39/access39_bikesharing.shtml|title=Worldwide Bikesharing|first1=Susan|last1=Shaheen|first2=Stacey|last2=Guzman|name-list-style=amp|publisher=[[University of California]] Transportation Center|work=Access Magazine No. 39|date=Fall 2011|access-date=July 1, 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120719042742/http://uctc.net/access/39/access39_bikesharing.shtml|archive-date=July 19, 2012}}</ref> In 2012 the Wuhan and Hangzhou Public Bicycle programs in China are the largest in the world, with around 90,000 and 60,000 bicycles respectively. China has seen a rise in private "dockless" bike shares with fleets that dwarf systems in size outside China.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ftchinese.com/story/001071840/ce|trans-title=China’s bike-sharing boom in charts|script-title=zh:中国掀起共享单车热潮 – FT中文网|website=www.ftchinese.com|access-date=July 5, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180207141415/http://www.ftchinese.com/story/001071840/ce|archive-date=February 7, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> Initially, a number of traditional (third-generation) docked public bike systems operated by local municipal governments opened across China, with the largest ones being in Wuhan and Hangzhou. The first was introduced in Beijing in 2007. However, third-generation bike sharing is not considered successful for the majority cities in China. Bike sharing in Beijing virtually stopped and it also has encountered difficulties in Shanghai and Wuhan.<ref>Zhang, Lihong. (2015). Sustainable bike – sharing systems: Characteristics and commonalities across cases in urban China. Journal of Cleaner Production., 97, 124 – 133.</ref>