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==Six Dynasties== {{further|Six Dynasties}} ===Three Kingdoms (220–280)=== {{further|Three Kingdoms}} ====Cao Wei (220–266)==== {{further|Cao Wei|Cao Wei family trees}} {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center; width:100%;" |+ Cao Wei (曹魏; 220–266) |- ! scope="col" width="15%" | Personal name ! scope="col" width="15%" | Posthumous name ! scope="col" width="25%" | Reign ! scope="col" width="15%" | Succession ! scope="col" width="30%" | Life details |- | '''[[Cao Pi]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|曹丕}} | Emperor Wen<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|文帝}} | 11 December 220 – 29 June 226<br/><small>({{Age in years, months and days|220|12|11|226|06|29}})</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list | titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal | title = Era(s) | expand = | <hr/> * '''Huangchu''' ({{lang|zh-hant|黃初}}) December 220–226 }}</small> | The eldest surviving son of [[Cao Cao]]. Inherited what lands the [[Eastern Han dynasty]] still controlled to found the [[Cao Wei]] state | 187 – 29 June 226<br/><small>(aged 38–39)</small> ----Died of natural causes{{sfnm|1a1=de Crespigny|1y=2007|1p=452|2a1=Moule|2y=1957|2p=12}} |- | '''[[Cao Rui]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|曹叡}} | Emperor Ming<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|明帝}} | 29 June 226 – 22 January 239<br/><small>({{Age in years, months and days|226|06|29|239|01|22}})</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list | titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal | title = Era(s) | expand =| <hr/> * '''Taihe''' ({{lang|zh-hant|太和}}) 227–233 * '''Qinglong''' ({{lang|zh-hant|青龍}}) 233–237 * '''Jingchu''' ({{lang|zh-hant|景初}}) 237–239 }}</small> | Son of [[Cao Pi]] and grandson of [[Cao Cao]] | {{circa|206}} – 22 January 239<br/><small>(aged 34–35)</small> ----Died of natural causes{{sfnm|1a1=de Crespigny|1y=2007|1p=47|2a1=Moule|2y=1957|2p=13}} |- | '''[[Cao Fang]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|曹芳}} | Emperor Shao<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|少帝}}<br/><hr/>Emperor Fei<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|廢帝}} | 22 January 239 – 16 October 254<br/><small>({{Age in years, months and days|239|01|22|254|10|16}})</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list | titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal | title = Era(s) | expand =| <hr/> * '''Zhengshi''' ({{lang|zh-hant|正始}}) 240 – 7 May 249 * '''Jiaping''' ({{lang|zh-hant|嘉平}}) 8 May 249 – 1 November 254 }}</small> | Adopted heir by [[Cao Rui]], who had no sons of his own. He was presumably related to the imperial family in some way | 231–274<br/><small>(aged 42–43)</small> ----His reign was completely dominated by [[Cao Shuang]], [[Sima Yi]] and [[Sima Shi]], the latter of which eventually deposed Cao Fang. Died of natural causes{{sfnm|1a1=de Crespigny|1y=1991|1p=33|2a1=Moule|2y=1957|2p=13}} |- | '''[[Cao Mao]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|曹髦}} | Duke of Gaogui District<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|高貴鄉公}} | 2 November 254 – 2 June 260<br/><small>({{Age in years, months and days|254|11|02|260|06|02}})</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list | titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal | title = Era(s) | expand = | <hr/> * '''Zhengyuan''' ({{lang|zh-hant|正元}}) 2 November 254 – 9 July 256 * '''Ganlu''' ({{lang|zh-hant|甘露}}) 10 July 256 – 13 July 260 }}</small> | The cousin of [[Cao Fang]] and grandson of [[Cao Pi]]. Put on the throne by [[Sima Shi]] | {{circa|241}} – 9 July 260<br/><small>(aged 18–19)</small> ----His reign was completely dominated by [[Sima Shi]] and [[Sima Zhao]]. Died in a [[Coup of Cao Mao|failed coup]] to regain power from Sima Zhao{{sfnm|1a1=de Crespigny|1y=1991|1pp=34–35|2a1=Moule|2y=1957|2p=13}} |- | '''[[Cao Huan]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|曹奐}} | Emperor Yuan<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|元皇帝}} | 27 July 260 – 4 February 266<br/><small>({{Age in years, months and days|260|07|27|266|02|04}})</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list | titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal | title = Era(s) | expand = | <hr/> * '''Jingyuan''' ({{lang|zh-hant|景元}}) 8 July 260 – June 264 * '''Xianxi''' ({{lang|zh-hant|咸熙}}) June 264 – 4 February 266 }}</small> | Grandson of [[Cao Cao]] and the [[first cousin once-removed]] of [[Cao Mao]] | 245–302<br/><small>(aged 56–57)</small> ----His reign was completely dominated by [[Sima Zhao]] and [[Sima Yan]]. Died of natural causes{{sfnm|1a1=de Crespigny|1y=1991|1p=35|2a1=Moule|2y=1957|2p=13}} |} ====Shu Han (221–263) ==== {{further|Shu Han|Shu Han family trees}} {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center; width:100%;" |+ Shu Han (蜀漢; 221–263) |- ! scope="col" width="15%" | Personal name ! scope="col" width="15%" | Posthumous name ! scope="col" width="25%" | Reign ! scope="col" width="15%" | Succession ! scope="col" width="30%" | Life details |- |'''[[Liu Bei]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|劉備}} | Emperor Zhaolie<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|昭烈皇帝}} | 15 May 221 – 10 June 223<br/><small>({{Age in years, months and days|221|05|15|223|06|10}})</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list | titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal | title = Era(s) | expand = | <hr/> * '''Zhangwu''' ({{lang|zh-hant|章武}}) 221–223 }}</small> | Claimed to descend from [[Emperor Jing of Han]]. [[Liu Bei's takeover of Yi Province|Conquered]] the [[Yi Province]] to found the [[Shu Han]] state | 161 – 10 June 223<br/><small>(aged 61–62)</small> ----Died of natural causes{{sfnm|1a1=de Crespigny|1y=2007|1pp=478–483|2a1=Moule|2y=1957|2p=14}} |- | '''[[Liu Shan]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|劉禪}} | Emperor Xiaohuai<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|孝懷皇帝}} | June 223 – December 263<br/><small>({{Age in years, months and days|223|06|01|263|12|01}})</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list | titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal | title = Era(s) | expand = | <hr/> * '''Jianxing''' ({{lang|zh-hant|建興}}) 223–237 * '''Yanxi''' ({{lang|zh-hant|延熙}}) 238–257 * '''Jingyao''' ({{lang|zh-hant|景耀}}) 258–263 * '''Yanxing''' ({{lang|zh-hant|炎興}}) 263 }}</small> | The son of [[Liu Bei]] | 207–271<br/><small>(aged 63–64)</small> ----Abdicated after the [[Conquest of Shu by Wei|fall]] on the Shu capital of [[Chengdu]] in 263.{{sfnm|1a1=de Crespigny|1y=2007|1pp=541–542|2a1=Moule|2y=1957|2p=14}} |} ====Eastern Wu (222–280)==== {{further|Eastern Wu|Eastern Wu family trees}} {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center; width:100%;" |+ Eastern Wu (東吳; 222–280) |- ! scope="col" width="15%" | Personal name ! scope="col" width="15%" | Posthumous name ! scope="col" width="25%" | Reign ! scope="col" width="15%" | Succession ! scope="col" width="30%" | Life details |- | '''[[Sun Quan]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|孫權}} | Emperor Da<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|大皇帝}} | 23 May 229 – May 252<br/><small>({{Age in years, months and days|229|05|23|252|05|01}})</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list | titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal | title = Era(s) | expand = | <hr/> * '''Huangwu''' ({{lang|zh-hant|黃武}}) 222–229 * '''Huanglong''' ({{lang|zh-hant|黃龍}}) 229–231 * '''Jiahe''' ({{lang|zh-hant|嘉禾}}) 232–238 * '''Chiwu''' ({{lang|zh-hant|赤烏}}) 238–251 * '''Taiyuan''' ({{lang|zh-hant|太元}}) 251–252 * '''Shenfeng''' ({{lang|zh-hant|神鳳}}) 252 }}</small> | The son of [[Sun Jian]]; inherited [[Sun Ce's conquests in Jiangdong|the conquests]] of his brother [[Sun Ce]]. Proclaimed "King of Wu" in 221 and later "Emperor" in 229 | 182–252<br/><small>(aged 69–70)</small> ----Died of natural causes{{sfnm|1a1=de Crespigny|1y=2007|1pp=772–774|2a1=Dien|2a2=Knapp|2y=2019|2p=52|3a1=Moule|3y=1957|3p=15}} |- | '''[[Sun Liang]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|孫亮}} | Emperor Fei<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|吳廢帝}} | May 252 – 9 November 258<br/><small>({{Age in years, months and days|252|05|01|258|11|09}})</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list | titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal | title = Era(s) | expand = | <hr/> * '''Jianxing''' ({{lang|zh-hant|建興}}) 252–253 * '''Wufeng''' ({{lang|zh-hant|五鳳}}) 254–256 * '''Taiping''' ({{lang|zh-hant|太平}}) 256–258 }}</small> | Son of [[Sun Quan]] | 243–260<br/><small>(aged 16–17)</small> ----His reign was completely dominated by three successive regents: [[Zhuge Ke]], [[Sun Jun (Three Kingdoms)|Sun Jun]] and [[Sun Chen]]. He was later deposed and died of natural causes{{sfnm|1a1=de Crespigny|1y=1991|1p=17|2a1=Moule|2y=1957|2p=15}} |- |'''[[Sun Xiu]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|孫休}} | Emperor Jing<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|景皇帝}} | 30 November 258 – 3 September 264<br/><small>({{Age in years, months and days|258|11|30|264|11|03}})</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list | titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal | title = Era(s) | expand = | <hr/> * '''Yongan''' ({{lang|zh-hant|永安}}) 258–264 }}</small> | Son of [[Sun Quan]] | 235–264<br/><small>(aged 28–29)</small> ----Died of natural causes{{sfnm|1a1=de Crespigny|1y=1991|1p=17|2a1=Moule|2y=1957|2p=15}} |- | '''[[Sun Hao]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|孫皓}} | Emperor Mo<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|末帝}} | 3 September 264 – 1 May 280<br/><small>({{Age in years, months and days|264|11|03|280|05|01}})</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list | titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal | title = Era(s) | expand = | <hr/> * '''Yuanxing''' ({{lang|zh-hant|元興}}) 264–265 * '''Ganlu''' ({{lang|zh-hant|甘露}}) 265–266 * '''Baoding''' ({{lang|zh-hant|寶鼎}}) 266–269 * '''Jianheng''' ({{lang|zh-hant|建衡}}) 269–271 * '''Fenghuang''' ({{lang|zh-hant|鳳凰}}) 272–274 * '''Tiance''' ({{lang|zh-hant|天冊}}) 275–276 * '''Tianxi''' ({{lang|zh-hant|天璽}}) 276 * '''Tianji''' ({{lang|zh-hant|天紀}}) 277–280 }}</small> | Son of [[Sun He (Zixiao)|Sun He]], former [[heir apparent]] to [[Sun Quan]] | 241–283<br/><small>(aged 41–42)</small> ----[[Eastern Wu]] was [[Conquest of Wu by Jin|conquered]] by [[Sima Yan]] in 280. Died of natural causes{{sfn|de Crespigny|1991|pp=17–18}} |} ===Jin dynasty (266–420)=== {{further|Jin dynasty (266–420)|Chinese emperors family tree (early)#Jin Dynasty and Chu|label 2=Jin emperors family tree}} {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center; width:100%;" |+ Jin dynasty (晉朝; 266–420){{sfn|Hong Lee|2015|p=xix}} |- ! scope="col" width="15%" | [[Posthumous name]] ! scope="col" width="15%" | Personal name ! scope="col" width="25%" | Reign ! scope="col" width="15%" | Succession ! scope="col" width="30%" | Life details |- | colspan="5" data-sort-value="ZZZZ9999" | ====Western Jin (266–316)==== {{see also|Jin dynasty (266–420)#Western Jin}} |- | '''[[Emperor Wu of Jin|Emperor Wu]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|晉武帝}} | Sima Yan<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|司馬炎}} | <br/>8 February 266 – 16 May 290<br/><small>({{Age in years, months and days|266|2|8|290|6|16}})</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list | titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal | title = Era(s) | expand = | <hr/> * Taishi (泰始) 266–274 * Xianning (咸寧) 275–280 * Taikang (太康) 280–289 * Taixi (太熙) 290 }}</small> |Son of Prince [[Sima Zhao]], proclaimed emperor after the abdication of [[Cao Huan]] of [[Cao Wei|Wei]]. He unified China after conquering [[Eastern Wu]] in 280 |236–290<br/><small>(aged 53–54)</small> ----Died of natural causes{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1p=554|2a1=Dien|2pp=79–92|2y=2019|2a2=Knapp}} |- | '''[[Emperor Hui of Jin|Emperor Hui]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|晉惠帝}} | Sima Zhong<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|司馬衷}} | <br/>16 May 290 – 8 January 307<br/><small>({{Age in years, months and days|290|5|16|307|1|8}})</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list | titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal | title = Era(s) | expand = | <hr/> * Yongxi (永熙) 290 * Yongping (永平) 291 * Yuankang (元康) 291–299 * Yongkang (永康) 300–301 * Yongning (永寧) 301–302 * Taian (太安) 302–303 * Yongan (永安) 304 * Jianwu (建武) 304 * Yongan (永安) 304 * Yongxing (永興) 305–306 * Guangxi (光熙) 306 }}</small> | Son of Emperor Wu, ruled under the regency of his wife, [[Jia Nanfeng]], until her death in 300 CE | 259–307<br/><small>(aged 47–48)</small> ----Possibly mentally unstable, his reign was marked by the disastrous [[War of the Eight Princes]]. He was poisoned by [[Sima Yue]]{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1p=232|2a1=Dien|2pp=92–93|2y=2019|2a2=Knapp}} |- | — | '''[[Sima Lun]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|司馬倫}} |<br/>3 February – 30 May 301<br/><small>({{Age in years, months and days|301|2|3|301|5|30}})</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list | titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal | title = Era(s) | expand = | <hr/> * Jianshi (建始) 301 }}</small> |Prince of Zhao and son of [[Sima Yi]], briefly usurped power from Emperor Hu |One of the infamous [[Eight Princes]]; often seen as an usurper. He was forced to commit suicide by Princes [[Sima Jiong|Jiong]], [[Sima Ying|Ying]] and [[Sima Yong|Yong]]{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1p=466}} |- | '''[[Emperor Huai of Jin|Emperor Huai]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|晉懷帝}} | Sima Chi<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|司馬熾}} |<br/>8 January 307 – 14 March 311<br/><small>({{Age in years, months and days|307|1|8|311|3|14}})</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list | titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal | title = Era(s) | expand = | <hr/> * Yongjia (永嘉) 307–313 }}</small> |Younger brother of Emperor Hui |284–313<br/><small>(aged 30–31)</small> ----His reign, dominated by [[Sima Yue]], saw widespread ethnic rebellions. He was deposed and killed by the [[Han Zhao|Han-Zhao]]{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1p=222|2a1=Dien|2pp=92–93|2y=2019|2a2=Knapp}} |- | '''[[Emperor Min of Jin|Emperor Min]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|晉愍帝}} | Sima Ye<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|司馬鄴}} |<br/>14 March 313 – 7 February 316<br/><small>({{Age in years, months and days|313|3|14|316|2|7}})</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list | titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal | title = Era(s) | expand = | <hr/> * Jianxing (建興) 313–317 }}</small> |Nephew of Emperor Huai, proclaimed emperor in [[Chang'an]] after the fall of [[Luoyang]] to the [[Five Barbarians]]. |300 – 7 February 316<br/><small>(aged 15–16)</small> ----Killed by [[Liu Cong (Han Zhao)|Liu Cong]] of [[Han Zhao|Han-Zhao]]{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1p=362|2a1=Dien|2pp=92–93|2y=2019|2a2=Knapp}} |- | colspan="5" data-sort-value="ZZZZ9999" | ====Eastern Jin (318–420)==== {{see also|Jin dynasty (266–420)#Eastern Jin}} |- | '''[[Emperor Yuan of Jin|Emperor Yuan]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|晉元帝}} | Sima Rui<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|司馬睿}} |<br/>26 April 318 – 3 January 323<br/><small>({{Age in years, months and days|318|4|26|323|1|3}})</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list | titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal | title = Era(s) | expand = | <hr/> * Jianwu (建武) 317–318 * Taixing (太興) 318–322 * Yongchang (永昌) 322–323 }}</small> |Great-grandson of [[Sima Yi]], proclaimed himself emperor with the help of [[Wang Dun]] in [[Jiankang]] after the fall of [[Chang'an]]. |276 – 323<br/><small>(aged 47)</small> ----Died of natural causes{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1p=645|2a1=Dien|2pp=93–104|2y=2019|2a2=Knapp|3a1=Moule|3y=1957|3p=18}} |- | '''[[Emperor Ming of Jin|Emperor Ming]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|晉明帝}} | Sima Shao <br/>{{lang|zh-hant|司馬紹}} | <br/>3 January 323 – 18 October 325<br/><small>({{Age in years, months and days|323|1|3|325|10|18}})</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list | titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal | title = Era(s) | expand = | <hr/> * Taining (太寧) 323–326 }}</small> |Son of Emperor Yuan |299 – 325<br/><small>(aged 26)</small> ----His reign was dominated by [[Wang Dao]] and antagonized by [[Wang Dun]]. Died of natural causes{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1p=362|2a1=Dien|2pp=104–105|2y=2019|2a2=Knapp|3a1=Moule|3y=1957|3p=18}} |- | '''[[Emperor Cheng of Jin|Emperor Cheng]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|晉成帝}} | Sima Yan<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|司馬衍}} | 19 October 325 – 26 July 342<br/><small>({{Age in years, months and days|325|10|19|342|7|26}})</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list | titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal | title = Era(s) | expand = | <hr/> * Xianhe (咸和) 326–335 * Xiankang (咸康) 335–342 }}</small> |Son of Emperor Ming, ruled initially under the regency of [[Yu Wenjun]] |321 – 342<br/><small>(aged 21)</small> ----Dominated by [[Yu Liang]], he was briefly deposed in 328 by rebel [[Su Jun]]. Died of natural causes{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1p=87|2a1=Dien|2pp=105–106|2y=2019|2a2=Knapp|3a1=Moule|3y=1957|3p=18}} |- | '''[[Emperor Kang of Jin|Emperor Kang]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|晉康帝}} | Sima Yue<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|司馬岳}} | <br/>27 July 342 – 17 November 344<br/><small>({{Age in years, months and days|342|7|27|344|11|17}})</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list | titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal | title = Era(s) | expand = | <hr/> * Jianyuan (建元) 343–344 }}</small> |Son of Emperor Ming |322 – 344<br/><small>(aged 22)</small> ----Died of natural causes{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1p=276|2a1=Moule|2y=1957|2p=18}} |- | '''[[Emperor Mu of Jin|Emperor Mu]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|晉穆帝}} | Sima Dan<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|司馬聃}} |<br/>18 November 344 – 10 July 361<br/><small>({{Age in years, months and days|344|11|18|361|7|10}})</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list | titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal | title = Era(s) | expand = | <hr/> * Yonghe (永和) 345–357 * Shengping (升平) 357–361 }}</small> |Son of Emperor Kang, "ruled" under the regency of [[Empress Dowager Chu]] until 357 |343 – 361<br/><small>(aged 18)</small> ----The youngest Chinese emperor.{{efn|Not counting [[Ruzi Ying]], who never officially ascended to the throne.}} Died of natural causes{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1p=367|2a1=Moule|2y=1957|2p=18}} |- | '''[[Emperor Ai of Jin|Emperor Ai]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|晉哀帝}} | Sima Pi<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|司馬丕}} |<br/>13 July 361 – 30 March 365<br/><small>({{Age in years, months and days|361|7|13|365|3|30}})</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list | titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal | title = Era(s) | expand = | <hr/> * Longhe (隆和) 362–363 * Xingning (興寧) 363–365 }}</small> |Son of Emperor Cheng, reigned alongside [[Empress Dowager Chu]] |341 – 365<br/><small>(aged 24)</small> ----Died of drug poisoning{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1p=38|2a1=Moule|2y=1957|2p=18}} |- | ''none, known as:''<br/>'''[[Emperor Fei of Jin|Emperor Fei]]'''{{efn|Also known as:<br/>'''[[Duke of Haixi]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|海西公}}{{sfn|Xiong|2009|p=199}}}}<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|晉廢帝}} | Sima Yi<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|司馬奕}} |<br/>31 March 365 – 6 January 372<br/><small>({{Age in years, months and days|365|3|31|372|1|6}})</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list | titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal | title = Era(s) | expand = | <hr/> * Taihe (太和) 366–372 }}</small> |Son of Emperor Cheng |342 – 386<br/><small>(aged 44)</small> ----Deposed by [[Huan Wen]], later dying of natural causes{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1p=199|2a1=Dien|2p=111|2y=2019|2a2=Knapp|3a1=Moule|3y=1957|3p=18}} |- | '''[[Emperor Jianwen of Jin|Emperor Jianwen]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|晉簡文帝}} | Sima Yu<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|司馬昱}} |<br/>6 January – 19 August 372<br/><small>({{Age in years, months and days|372|1|6|372|8|19}})</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list | titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal | title = Era(s) | expand = | <hr/> * Xianan (咸安) 372 }}</small> |Son of Emperor Yuan and great-great-grandson of [[Sima Yi]], enthroned by [[Huan Wen]] |320 – 372<br/><small>(aged 52)</small> ----Died of natural causes{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1p=248|2a1=Dien|2p=111|2y=2019|2a2=Knapp|3a1=Moule|3y=1957|3p=19}} |- | '''[[Emperor Xiaowu of Jin|Emperor Xiaowu]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|晉孝武帝}} | Sima Yao<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|司馬曜}} |<br/>19 August 372 – 6 November 396<br/><small>({{Age in years, months and days|372|8|19|396|11|6}})</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list | titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal | title = Era(s) | expand = | <hr/> * Ningkang (寧康) 373–376 * Taiyuan (太元) 376–397 }}</small> |Son of Emperor Jianwen |362 – 396<br/><small>(aged 34)</small> ----His army's defeat of the [[Former Qin]] army at the [[Battle of Fei River]] led to the eventual collapse of the Former Qin. Killed by a jealous concubine{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1p=575|2a1=Dien|2pp=111–114|2y=2019|2a2=Knapp|3a1=Moule|3y=1957|3p=19}} |- | '''[[Emperor An of Jin|Emperor An]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|晉安帝}} | Sima Dezong<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|司馬德宗}} |<br/>7 November 396 – 28 January 419<br/><small>({{Age in years, months and days|396|11|7|419|1|28}})</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list | titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal | title = Era(s) | expand = | <hr/> * Longan (隆安) 397–402 * Yuanxing (元興) 402–405 * Yixi (義熙) 405–419 }}</small> |Son of Emperor Xiaowu |382/3 – 419<br/><small>(aged 36–37)</small> ----Dominated by [[Sima Daozi]], [[Huan Xuan]] and [[Emperor Wu of Song|Liu Yu]], he was killed by the latter{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1p=42|2a1=Dien|2pp=114–117|2y=2019|2a2=Knapp|3a1=Moule|3y=1957|3p=19}} |- | '''[[Emperor Gong of Jin|Emperor Gong]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|晉恭帝}} | Sima Dewen<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|司馬德文}} |<br/>28 January 419 – 5 July 420<br/><small>({{Age in years, months and days|419|1|28|420|7|5}})</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list | titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal | title = Era(s) | expand = | <hr/> * Yuanxi (元熙) 419–420 }}</small> |Son of Emperor Xiaowu |386 – 12 November 421<br/><small>(aged 35)</small> ----Abdicated in favor of Liu Yu ([[Emperor Wu of Song]]), later assassinated{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1p=181|2p=117|2y=2019|2a2=Knapp|3a1=Moule|3y=1957|3p=19}} |} ===Sixteen Kingdoms (304–439)=== {{further|Sixteen Kingdoms}} {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center; width:100%;" |+ [[Cheng Han]] (成漢; 304–347){{sfn|Adamek|2017|p=341}} |- ! scope="col" width="15%" | Personal name ! scope="col" width="15%" | Posthumous name ! scope="col" width="25%" | Reign ! scope="col" width="15%" | Succession ! scope="col" width="30%" | Life details |- | '''[[Li Xiong]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|李雄}} | Emperor Wu<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|武皇帝}} | 304–334<br/><small>({{Age in years|304|334}} years)</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list | titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal | title = Era(s) | expand = | <hr/> * '''Jianxing''' ({{lang|zh-hant|建興}}) 304–306 * '''Yanping''' ({{lang|zh-hant|晏平}}) 306–311 * '''Yuheng''' ({{lang|zh-hant|玉衡}}) 311–334 }}</small> | Son of rebel [[Li Te (Cheng Han)|Li Te]], proclaimed himself King in 304 and then Emperor in 306 | 274–334<br/><small>(aged 59–60)</small> ----Died of disease{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1p=309|2a1=Dien|2pp=150–153|2y=2019|2a2=Knapp}} |- | '''[[Li Ban]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|李班}} | Emperor Ai<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|哀皇帝}} | 334<br/><small>(less than a year)</small> | Nephew of [[Li Xiong]] | 274–334<br/><small>(aged 59–60)</small> ----Killed by [[Li Qi (emperor)|Li Qi]]{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1p=292|2a1=Dien|2y=2019|2a2=Knapp|2p=153}} |- | '''[[Li Qi (emperor)|Li Qi]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|李期}} | Duke You<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|幽公}} | 334–338<br/><small>({{Age in years|334|338}} years)</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list | titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal | title = Era(s) | expand = | <hr/> * '''Yuheng''' ({{lang|zh-hant|玉恆}}) 335–338 }}</small> | Son of [[Li Xiong]] | 314–338<br/><small>(aged 23–24)</small> ----Committed suicide{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1pp=301–302|2a1=Dien|2pp=153–154|2y=2019|2a2=Knapp}} |- | '''[[Li Shou]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|李壽}} | Emperor Xiaowen<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|昭文皇帝}} | 338–343<br/><small>({{Age in years|338|343}} years)</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list | titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal | title = Era(s) | expand = | <hr/> * '''Hanxing''' ({{lang|zh-hant|漢興}}) 338–344 }}</small> | Nephew of [[Li Te (Cheng Han)|Li Te]], usurped power from Li Qi and renamed the state from "Cheng” to “Han” | 300–343<br/><small>(aged 42–43)</small> ----Died of natural causes{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1pp=301–302|2a1=Dien|2pp=153–154|2y=2019|2a2=Knapp}} |- | '''[[Li Shi (emperor)|Li Shi]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|李勢}} | Marquess of Guiyi<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|歸義侯}} | 343–347<br/><small>({{Age in years|343|347}} years)</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list | titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal | title = Era(s) | expand = | <hr/> * '''Taihe''' ({{lang|zh-hant|太和}}) 343–346 * '''Jianing''' ({{lang|zh-hant|嘉寧}}) 346–347 }}</small> | Son of [[Li Shou]] | Abdicated to [[Huan Wen]] after the fall of Cheng in 347. Died of natural causes in 361 in the [[Eastern Jin]] capital{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1pp=301–302|2a1=Dien|2pp=153–154|2y=2019|2a2=Knapp}} |} {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center; width:100%;" |+ [[Former Zhao|Han-Zhao]] (漢趙; 304–319) / [[Former Zhao]] (前趙; 319–329){{sfnm|1a1=Adamek|1y=2017|1p=341|2a1=Dien|2a2=Knapp|2y=2019|2p=xix}} |- ! scope="col" width="15%" | Personal name ! scope="col" width="15%" | Posthumous name ! scope="col" width="25%" | Reign ! scope="col" width="15%" | Succession ! scope="col" width="30%" | Life details |- | '''[[Liu Yuan (Han Zhao)|Liu Yuan]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|劉淵}} | Emperor Guangwen<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|光文皇帝}} | 304–310<br/><small>({{Age in years|304|310}} years)</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list | titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal | title = Era(s) | expand = | <hr/> * '''Yuanxi''' ({{lang|zh-hant|元熙}}) 304–308 * '''Yongfeng''' ({{lang|zh-hant|永鳳}}) 308–309 * '''Herui''' ({{lang|zh-hant|河瑞}}) 309–310 }}</small> | Rebelled against the Jin dynasty. Proclaimed himself King of Han in 304 and Emperor in 308 | {{circa|}} 250–310<br/><small>(aged approx. 60)</small> ----Died of natural causes{{sfn|Xiong|2009|pp=328–330}} |- | '''[[Liu He (Han Zhao)|Liu He]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|劉和}} | – | 310<br/><small>(less than a year)</small> | Son of [[Liu Yuan (Han Zhao)|Liu Yuan]] | Killed by his brother Liu Cong{{sfn|Xiong|2009|pp=322–324}} |- | '''[[Liu Cong (Han Zhao)|Liu Cong]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|劉聰}} | Emperor Zhaowu<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|昭武皇帝}} | 310–318<br/><small>({{Age in years|310|318}} years)</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list | titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal | title = Era(s) | expand = | <hr/> * '''Guangxing''' ({{lang|zh-hant|光興}}) 310–311 * '''Jiaping''' ({{lang|zh-hant|嘉平}}) 311–315 * '''Jianyuan''' ({{lang|zh-hant|建元}}) 315–316 * '''Linjia''' ({{lang|zh-hant|麟嘉}}) 316–318 }}</small> | Son of [[Liu Yuan (Han Zhao)|Liu Yuan]] | Died of natural causes in 318{{sfn|Xiong|2009|pp=322–324}} |- | '''[[Liu Can]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|劉粲}} | Emperor Yin<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|隱皇帝}} | 318<br/><small>(less than a year)</small> | Son of [[Liu Cong (Han Zhao)|Liu Cong]] | Killed by officer [[Jin Zhun]] in 318{{sfn|Xiong|2009|pp=322–324}} |- | '''[[Liu Yao]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|劉曜}} | – | 318–329<br/><small>({{Age in years|318|329}} years)</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list | titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal | title = Era(s) | expand = | <hr/> * '''Guangchu''' ({{lang|zh-hant|光初}}) 318–329 }}</small> | Nephew of [[Liu Yuan (Han Zhao)|Liu Yuan]], changed the dynastic title from "Han" to "Zhao" | Ended the [[Jin dynasty (266–420)|Western Jin]] in 316. Captured and killed by [[Shi Le]] of [[Later Zhao]]{{sfn|Xiong|2009|pp=328–330}} |} {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center; width:100%;" |+ [[Later Zhao]] (後趙; 319–351) |- ! scope="col" width="15%" | Personal name ! scope="col" width="15%" | Posthumous name ! scope="col" width="25%" | Reign ! scope="col" width="15%" | Succession ! scope="col" width="30%" | Life details |- | '''[[Shi Le]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|石勒}} | Emperor Ming<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|明皇帝}} | 319–333<br/><small>({{Age in years|319|333}} years)</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list | titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal | title = Era(s) | expand =| <hr/> * '''Zhaowang''' ({{lang|zh-hant|趙王}}) 319–328 * '''Taihe''' ({{lang|zh-hant|太和}}) 328–330 * '''Jianping''' ({{lang|zh-hant|建平}}) 330–333 }}</small> | Rebelled with [[Ji Sang]] during the [[War of the Eight Princes]]. Proclaimed himself King of Zhao in 319 and then Emperor in 330 | 374–333<br/><small>(aged 58–59)</small> ----Ended the [[Former Zhao]] in 329. Died of natural causes{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1pp=449–452|2a1=Dien|2pp=127–130|2y=2019|2a2=Knapp}} |- | '''[[Shi Hong]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|石弘}} | – | 333–334<br/><small>({{Age in years|333|334}} years)</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list | titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal | title = Era(s) | expand =| <hr/> * '''Yanxi''' ({{lang|zh-hant|延熙}}) 334 }}</small> | Son of [[Shi Le]] | 313–334<br/><small>(aged 20–21)</small> ----Deposed and killed by [[Shi Hu]]{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1pp=449–452|2a1=Dien|2pp=127–130|2y=2019|2a2=Knapp}} |- | '''[[Shi Hu]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|石虎}} | Emperor Wu<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|武皇帝}} | 334–349<br/><small>({{Age in years|334|349}} years)</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list | titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal | title = Era(s) | expand =| <hr/> * '''Jianwu''' ({{lang|zh-hant|建武}}) 335–349 * '''Taining''' ({{lang|zh-hant|太寧}}) 349 }}</small> | Nephew of [[Shi Le]], usurped power from [[Shi Hong]] in 334. Ruled as [[Heavenly King]] until 349 | 295–349<br/><small>(aged 53–54)</small> ----Died of natural causes{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1pp=449–452|2a1=Dien|2pp=127–130|2y=2019|2a2=Knapp}} |- | '''[[Shi Shi (emperor)|Shi Shi]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|石世}} | – | 349<br/><small>(less than a year)</small> | Son of [[Shi Hu]] | 339–349<br/><small>(aged 9–10)</small> ----Murdered{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1pp=449–452|2a1=Dien|2pp=127–130|2y=2019|2a2=Knapp}} |- | '''[[Shi Zun]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|石遵}} | – | 349<br/><small>(less than a year)</small> | Son of [[Shi Hu]] | Killed by [[Ran Min]]{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1pp=449–452|2a1=Dien|2pp=127–130|2y=2019|2a2=Knapp}} |- | '''[[Shi Jian]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|石鑒}} | – | 349–350<br/><small>({{Age in years|349|350}} years)</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list | titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal | title = Era(s) | expand =| <hr/> * '''Qinglong''' ({{lang|zh-hant|青龍}}) 350 }}</small> | Son of [[Shi Hu]], enthroned by [[Ran Min]] | Killed by [[Ran Min]]{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1pp=449–452|2a1=Dien|2pp=127–130|2y=2019|2a2=Knapp}} |- | '''[[Shi Zhi]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|石祇}} | – | 350–351<br/><small>({{Age in years|350|351}} years)</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list | titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal | title = Era(s) | expand =| <hr/> * '''Yongning''' ({{lang|zh-hant|永寧}}) 350–351 }}</small> | Son of [[Shi Hu]] | Gave up the imperial title in 351, later killed by a subordinate officer{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1pp=449–452|2a1=Dien|2pp=127–130|2y=2019|2a2=Knapp}} |} {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center; width:100%;" |+ [[Former Liang]] (前涼; 320–376){{sfn|Adamek|2017|pp=342–343}} |- ! scope="col" width="15%" | Personal name ! scope="col" width="15%" | Posthumous name ! scope="col" width="25%" | Reign ! scope="col" width="15%" | Succession ! scope="col" width="30%" | Life details |- | '''[[Zhang Mao]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|張茂}} | Duke Cheng<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|成公}} | 320–324<br/><small>({{Age in years|320|324}} years)</small> | Son of governor [[Zhang Gui]] | 377–324<br/><small>(aged 52–53)</small> ----Made vassal of [[Former Zhao]] in 323. Died of natural causes{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1pp=663–668|2a1=Dien|2y=2019|2a2=Knapp|2p=133}} |- | '''[[Zhang Jun (prince)|Zhang Jun]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|張駿}} | Duke Zhongcheng<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|忠成公}} | 324–346<br/><small>({{Age in years|324|346}} years)</small> | Son of governor [[Zhang Shi (Former Liang)|Zhang Shi]] | 307–346<br/><small>(aged 38–39)</small> ----Died of natural causes{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1pp=663–668}} |- | '''[[Zhang Chonghua]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|張重華}} | Duke Huan<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|桓公}} | 346–353<br/><small>({{Age in years|346|353}} years)</small> | Son of Zhang Jun, didn't assume the dynastic title until 349 | 327–353<br/><small>(aged 25–26)</small> ----Died of natural causes{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1p=661}} |- | '''[[Zhang Yaoling]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|張曜靈}} | Duke Ai<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|哀公}} | 353<br/><small>(less than a year)</small> | Son of [[Zhang Chonghua]] | 344–355<br/><small>(aged 25–26)</small> ----Killed by [[Zhang Zuo]]{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1pp=663–668}} |- | '''[[Zhang Zuo]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|張祚}} | King Wei<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|威王}} | 354–355<br/><small>({{Age in years|354|355}} years)</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list | titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal | title = Era(s) | expand = | <hr/> * '''Heping''' ({{lang|zh-hant|和平}}) 354–355 }}</small> | Son of [[Zhang Jun (prince)|Zhang Jun]] | Discontinued the use of [[Western Jin]] era names before being killed in 355{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1pp=663–668}} |- | '''[[Zhang Xuanjing]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|張玄靚}} | Duke Chong<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|沖公}} | 355–363<br/><small>({{Age in years|355|363}} years)</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list | titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal | title = Era(s) | expand = | <hr/> * '''Taishi''' ({{lang|zh-hant|太始}}) 355–356 }}</small> | Son of [[Zhang Chonghua]] | 350–363<br/><small>(aged 12–13)</small> ----Killed by [[Zhang Tianxi]]{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1pp=663–668}} |- | '''[[Zhang Tianxi]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|張天錫}} | Duke Dao<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|悼公}} | 363–376<br/><small>({{Age in years|363|376}} years)</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list | titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal | title = Era(s) | expand = | <hr/> * '''Taiqing''' ({{lang|zh-hant|太清}}) 363–376 }}</small> | Son of [[Zhang Jun (prince)|Zhang Jun]] | 346–406<br/><small>(aged 59–60)</small> ----Surrendered to the [[Former Qin]], later dying of natural causes in [[Eastern Jin]]{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1pp=663–668}} |} {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center; width:100%;" |+ [[Former Yan]] (前燕; 337–370){{sfn|Adamek|2017|p=342}} |- ! scope="col" width="15%" | Personal name ! scope="col" width="15%" | Posthumous name ! scope="col" width="25%" | Reign ! scope="col" width="15%" | Succession ! scope="col" width="30%" | Life details |- | '''[[Murong Huang]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|慕容皝}} | Emperor Wenming<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|文明皇帝}} | 337–348<br/><small>({{Age in years|337|348}} years)</small> | Son of governor [[Murong Hui]], proclaimed himself Prince of Yan in 337. Remained loyal to the [[Jin dynasty (266–420)|Jin]] | 297–348<br/><small>(aged 50–51)</small> ----Died of natural causes{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1pp=368–369|2a1=Dien|2y=2019|2a2=Knapp|2p=130–133}} |- | '''[[Murong Jun]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|慕容儁}} | Emperor Jingzhao<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|景昭皇帝}} | 348–360<br/><small>({{Age in years|348|360}} years)</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list | titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal | title = Era(s) | expand = | <hr/> * '''Yuanxi''' ({{lang|zh-hant|元璽}}) 353–357 * '''Guangshou''' ({{lang|zh-hant|光壽}}) 357–360 }}</small> | Son of [[Murong Huang]], proclaimed himself Emperor in 352 | 319–360<br/><small>(aged 38–39)</small> ----Died of natural causes{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1pp=663–668}} |- | '''[[Murong Wei]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|慕容暐}} | Emperor You<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|幽皇帝}} | 360–370<br/><small>({{Age in years|360|370}} years)</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list | titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal | title = Era(s) | expand = | <hr/> * '''Jianxi''' ({{lang|zh-hant|建熙}}) 360–370 }}</small> | Son of [[Murong Jun]], ruled under the regency of [[Murong Ping]] | 350–384<br/><small>(aged 33–34)</small> ----Captured by [[Former Qin]] in 370, executed by [[Fu Jiān]] in 384 after a failed coup{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1p=661}} |} {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center; width:100%;" |+ [[Former Qin]] (前秦; 351–394){{sfn|Adamek|2017|p=344}} |- ! scope="col" width="15%" | Personal name ! scope="col" width="15%" | Posthumous name ! scope="col" width="25%" | Reign ! scope="col" width="15%" | Succession ! scope="col" width="30%" | Life details |- | '''[[Fu Jian (317–355)|Fu Jiàn]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|苻健}} | Emperor Jingming<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|景明皇帝}} | 351–355<br/><small>({{Age in years|351|355}} years)</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list | titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal | title = Era(s) | expand = | <hr/> * '''Huangshi''' ({{lang|zh-hant|皇始}}) 351–355 }}</small> | Son of Prince [[Fu Hong|Hong]], leader of the [[Di (Five Barbarians)|Di]]. Proclaimed [[Heavenly King]] and Great [[Chanyu]] after Hong's murder in 351, became Emperor in 352 | 307 or 317–355<br/><small>(aged 48 or 38)</small> ----Died of natural causes{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1pp=163–164|2a1=Dien|2y=2019|2a2=Knapp|2p=134–137}} |- | '''[[Fu Sheng (Former Qin)|Fu Sheng]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|苻生}} | Prince Li<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|厲王}} | 355–357<br/><small>({{Age in years|355|357}} years)</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list | titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal | title = Era(s) | expand = | <hr/> * '''Shouguang''' ({{lang|zh-hant|壽光}}) 355–357 }}</small> | Son of [[Fu Jiàn]] | 335–357<br/><small>(aged 22)</small> ----Killed by his cousin{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1pp=163–164|2a1=Dien|2y=2019|2a2=Knapp|2p=134–137}} |- | '''[[Fu Jian (337–385)|Fu Jiān]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|苻堅}} | Emperor Xuanzhao<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|宣昭皇帝}} | 357–385<br/><small>({{Age in years|357|385}} years)</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list | titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal | title = Era(s) | expand = | <hr/> * '''Yongxing''' ({{lang|zh-hant|永興}}) 357–359 * '''Ganlu''' ({{lang|zh-hant|甘露}}) 359–364 * '''Jian yuan''' ({{lang|zh-hant|建元}}) 365–385 }}</small> | Grandson of [[Fu Hong]], ruled as [[Heavenly King]] | 338–385<br/><small>(aged 47)</small> ----Conquered [[Former Yan]], [[Former Liang]], and [[Dai (Sixteen Kingdoms)|Dai]]. Killed by [[Yao Chang]].{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1pp=163–164|2a1=Dien|2y=2019|2a2=Knapp|2p=134–137}} |- | '''[[Fu Pi]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|苻丕}} | Emperor Aiping<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|哀平皇帝}} | 385–386<br/><small>({{Age in years|385|386}} years)</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list | titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal | title = Era(s) | expand = | <hr/> * '''Taian''' ({{lang|zh-hant|太安}}) 385–386 }}</small> | Son of [[Fu Jiān]] | Defeated by [[Murong Yong]] of [[Western Yan]], later killed by the [[Eastern Jin]] army{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1pp=163–164|2a1=Dien|2y=2019|2a2=Knapp|2p=134–137}} |- | '''[[Fu Deng]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|苻登}} | Emperor Gao<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|高皇帝}} | 386–394<br/><small>({{Age in years|386|394}} years)</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list | titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal | title = Era(s) | expand = | <hr/> * '''Taichu''' ({{lang|zh-hant|太初}}) 386–394 }}</small> | Grandnephew of [[Fu Jiān]] | 343–394<br/><small>(aged 51)</small> ----Killed by [[Yao Xing]] of [[Later Qin]]{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1pp=163–164|2a1=Dien|2y=2019|2a2=Knapp|2p=134–137}} |- | '''[[Fu Chong]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|苻崇}} | – | 394<br/><small>(less than a year)</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list | titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal | title = Era(s) | expand = | <hr/> * '''Yanchu''' ({{lang|zh-hant|延初}}) 394 }}</small> | Son of [[Fu Deng]] | Killed by [[Qifu Gangui|Qifu Qiangui]] of [[Western Qin]]{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1pp=163–164|2a1=Dien|2y=2019|2a2=Knapp|2p=134–137}} |} {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center; width:100%;" |+ [[Later Yan]] (後燕; 384–409){{sfn|Adamek|2017|p=342}} |- ! scope="col" width="15%" | Personal name ! scope="col" width="15%" | Posthumous name ! scope="col" width="25%" | Reign ! scope="col" width="15%" | Succession ! scope="col" width="30%" | Life details |- | '''[[Murong Chui]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|慕容垂}} | Emperor Wucheng<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|成武皇帝}} | 384–396<br/><small>({{Age in years|384|396}} years)</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list | titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal | title = Era(s) | expand = | <hr/> * '''Jianxing''' ({{lang|zh-hant|建興}}) 386–396 }}</small> | Son of Prince [[Murong Huang]] of [[Former Yan]], reestablished his kingdom after the [[Battle of Fei River]] | 326–396<br/><small>(aged 70)</small> ----Conquered [[Western Yan]] in 394{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1pp=367–369}} |- | '''[[Murong Bao]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|慕容寶}} | Emperor Huimin<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|惠愍皇帝}} | 396–398<br/><small>({{Age in years|396|398}} years)</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list | titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal | title = Era(s) | expand = | <hr/> * '''Yongkang''' ({{lang|zh-hant|永康}}) 396–398 }}</small> | Son of [[Murong Chui]] | 355–398<br/><small>(aged 43)</small> ----Killed by the usurper [[Lan Han]]{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1pp=367–369}} |- | '''[[Murong Sheng]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|慕容盛}} | Emperor Zhaowu<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|昭武皇帝}} | 398–401<br/><small>({{Age in years|398|401}} years)</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list | titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal | title = Era(s) | expand = | <hr/> * '''Jianping''' ({{lang|zh-hant|建平}}) 398 * '''Changle''' ({{lang|zh-hant|長樂}}) 399–401 }}</small> | Son of [[Murong Bao]], came to power after killing [[Lan Han]] | 373–401<br/><small>(aged 28)</small> ----Killed by general Duan Ji{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1pp=367–369}} |- | '''[[Murong Xi]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|慕容熙}} | Emperor Zhaowen<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|昭文皇帝}} | 401–407<br/><small>({{Age in years|401|407}} years)</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list | titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal | title = Era(s) | expand = | <hr/> * '''Guangshi''' ({{lang|zh-hant|光始}}) 401–406 * '''Jianshi''' ({{lang|zh-hant|建始}}) 407 }}</small> | Son of [[Murong Chui]] | 385–407<br/><small>(aged 22)</small> ----Killed by [[Feng Ba]]{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1pp=367–369}} |} {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center; width:100%;" |+ [[Later Qin]] (後秦; 384–417){{sfn|Adamek|2017|p=344}} |- ! scope="col" width="15%" | Personal name ! scope="col" width="15%" | Posthumous name ! scope="col" width="25%" | Reign ! scope="col" width="15%" | Succession ! scope="col" width="30%" | Life details |- | '''[[Yao Chang]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|姚萇}} | Emperor Wuzhao<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|武昭皇帝}} | 384–393<br/><small>({{Age in years|384|393}} years)</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list | titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal | title = Era(s) | expand = | <hr/> * '''Baique''' ({{lang|zh-hant|白雀}}) 384–386 * '''Jianchu''' ({{lang|zh-hant|建初}}) 386–393 }}</small> | Proclaimed King after the [[Battle of Fei River]], then Emperor after killing [[Fu Jiān]] of [[Former Qin]] | 343–394<br/><small>(aged 51)</small> ----Died of natural causes{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1pp=617–618|2a1=Dien|2y=2019|2a2=Knapp|2p=137–138}} |- | '''[[Yao Xing]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|姚興}} | Emperor Wenhuan<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|文桓皇帝}} | 394–416<br/><small>({{Age in years|394|416}} years)</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list | titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal | title = Era(s) | expand = | <hr/> * '''Huangchu''' ({{lang|zh-hant|皇初}}) 394–399 * '''Hongshi''' ({{lang|zh-hant|弘始}}) 399–416 }}</small> | Son of [[Yao Chang]] | 366–416<br/><small>(aged 50)</small> ----Conquered [[Former Qin]] and [[Later Liang (Sixteen Kingdoms)|Later Liang]]. Favored [[Buddhism]] and [[Taoism]].{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1pp=617–618|2a1=Dien|2y=2019|2a2=Knapp|2p=137–138}} |- | '''[[Yao Hong]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|姚泓}} | – | 416–417<br/><small>({{Age in years|416|417}} years)</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list | titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal | title = Era(s) | expand = | <hr/> * '''Yonghe''' ({{lang|zh-hant|永和}}) 416–417 }}</small> | Son of [[Yao Xing]] | 388–417<br/><small>(aged 29)</small> ----Executed by the [[Eastern Jin]]{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1pp=617–618|2a1=Dien|2y=2019|2a2=Knapp|2p=137–138}} |} {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center; width:100%;" |+ [[Western Qin]] (西秦; 385–400, 409–431){{sfn|Adamek|2017|p=344}} |- ! scope="col" width="15%" | Personal name ! scope="col" width="15%" | Posthumous name ! scope="col" width="25%" | Reign ! scope="col" width="15%" | Succession ! scope="col" width="30%" | Life details |- | '''[[Qifu Guoren]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|乞伏國仁}} | Prince Xuanlie<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|宣烈王}} | 385–388<br/><small>({{Age in years|385|388}} years)</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list | titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal | title = Era(s) | expand = | <hr/> * '''Jianyi''' ({{lang|zh-hant|建義}}) 385–388 }}</small> | Former general of [[Former Qin]] | Died of natural causes{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1p=406}} |- | '''[[Qifu Gangui]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|乞伏乾歸}} | Prince Wuyuan<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|武元王}} | 388–412<br/><small>({{Age in years|388|412}} years)</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list | titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal | title = Era(s) | expand = | <hr/> * '''Taichu''' ({{lang|zh-hant|太初}}) 388–400 * '''Gengshi''' ({{lang|zh-hant|更始}}) 409–412 }}</small> | Younger brother of [[Qifu Guoren]] | Surrendered to [[Later Qin]] in 400, reclaimed the throne in 409. Killed by his nephew{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1p=406}} |- | '''[[Qifu Chipan]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|乞伏熾磐}} | Prince Wenzhao<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|文昭王}} | 412–428<br/><small>({{Age in years|412|428}} years)</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list | titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal | title = Era(s) | expand = | <hr/> * '''Yongkang''' ({{lang|zh-hant|永康}}) 412–419 * '''Jianhong''' ({{lang|zh-hant|建弘}}) 419–428 }}</small> | Son of [[Qifu Gangui]] | Conquered [[Southern Liang (Sixteen Kingdoms)|Southern Liang]] in 414{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1p=406}} |- | '''[[Qifu Mumo]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|乞伏暮末}} | – | 428–431<br/><small>({{Age in years|428|431}} years)</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list | titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal | title = Era(s) | expand = | <hr/> * '''Yonghong''' ({{lang|zh-hant|永弘}}) 428–431 }}</small> | Son of [[Qifu Chipan]] | Killed by the [[Xia (Sixteen Kingdoms)|Xia]]{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1p=406}} |} {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center; width:100%;" |+ [[Later Liang (Sixteen Kingdoms)|Later Liang]] (後涼; 386–403){{sfnm|1a1=Adamek|1y=2017|1p=343|2a1=Dien|2a2=Knapp|2y=2019|2p=xix}} |- ! scope="col" width="15%" | Personal name ! scope="col" width="15%" | Posthumous name ! scope="col" width="25%" | Reign ! scope="col" width="15%" | Succession ! scope="col" width="30%" | Life details |- | '''[[Lü Guang]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|呂光}} | Emperor Yiwu<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|懿武皇帝}} | 386–399<br/><small>({{Age in years|386|399}} years)</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list | titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal | title = Era(s) | expand = | <hr/> * '''Taian''' ({{lang|zh-hant|太安}}) 386–389 * '''Linjia''' ({{lang|zh-hant|麟嘉}}) 389–396 * '''Longfei''' ({{lang|zh-hant|龍飛}}) 396–400 }}</small> | Former general of [[Former Qin]], proclaimed himself Duke of Jiuquan in 386 and [[Heavenly King]] in 396 | 337–399<br/><small>(aged 19)</small> ----Abdicated in favor of his son{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1pp=350–351}} |- | '''[[Lü Shao]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|呂紹}} | Prince Yin<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|隱王}} | 399<br/><small>(less than a year)</small> | Son of [[Lü Guang]] | Forced to commit suicide by his brother{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1pp=350–351}} |- | '''[[Lü Zuan]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|呂纂}} | Emperor Ling<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|靈皇帝}} | 399–401<br/><small>({{Age in years|399|401}} years)</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list | titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal | title = Era(s) | expand = | <hr/> * '''Xianning''' ({{lang|zh-hant|咸寧}}) 400–401 }}</small> | Son of [[Lü Guang]] | Killed by Lü Chao, Guang's nephew{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1pp=350–351}} |- | '''[[Lü Long]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|呂隆}} | – | 401–403<br/><small>({{Age in years|401|403}} years)</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list | titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal | title = Era(s) | expand = | <hr/> * '''Shending''' ({{lang|zh-hant|神鼎}}) 401–403 }}</small> | Nephew of [[Lü Guang]] | Killed by [[Yao Hong]] of [[Later Qin]]{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1pp=350–351}} |} {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center; width:100%;" |+ [[Southern Liang (Sixteen Kingdoms)|Southern Liang]] (南涼; 397–414){{sfn|Adamek|2017|p=343}} |- ! scope="col" width="15%" | Personal name ! scope="col" width="15%" | Posthumous name ! scope="col" width="25%" | Reign ! scope="col" width="15%" | Succession ! scope="col" width="30%" | Life details |- | '''[[Tufa Wugu]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|禿髮烏孤}} | Prince Wu<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|武王}} | 397–399<br/><small>({{Age in years|397|399}} years)</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list | titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal | title = Era(s) | expand = | <hr/> * '''Taichu''' ({{lang|zh-hant|太初}}) 397–400 }}</small> | Proclaimed himself Great [[Chanyu]] | Died of natural causes{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1pp=511}} |- | '''[[Tufa Lilugu]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|禿髮利鹿孤}} | Prince Kang<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|康王}} | 399–402<br/><small>({{Age in years|399|402}} years)</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list | titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal | title = Era(s) | expand = | <hr/> * '''Jianhe''' ({{lang|zh-hant|建和}}) 400–402 }}</small> | Elder brother of [[Tufa Wugu]] | Died of natural causes{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1pp=511}} |- | '''[[Tufa Rutan]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|禿髮傉檀}} | Prince Jing<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|景王}} | 402–414<br/><small>({{Age in years|402|414}} years)</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list | titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal | title = Era(s) | expand = | <hr/> * '''Hongchang''' ({{lang|zh-hant|弘昌}}) 402–404 * '''Jiaping''' ({{lang|zh-hant|嘉平}}) 409–414 }}</small> | Elder brother [[Tufa Lilugu]] | 364–415<br/><small>(aged 51)</small> ----Captured and killed by [[Western Qin]]{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1pp=511}} |} {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center; width:100%;" |+ [[Northern Liang]] (北涼; 397–439){{sfn|Adamek|2017|p=342}} |- ! scope="col" width="15%" | Personal name ! scope="col" width="15%" | Posthumous name ! scope="col" width="25%" | Reign ! scope="col" width="15%" | Succession ! scope="col" width="30%" | Life details |- | '''[[Duan Ye]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|段業}} | – | 397–401<br/><small>({{Age in years|397|401}} years)</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list | titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal | title = Era(s) | expand = | <hr/> * '''Shenxi''' ({{lang|zh-hant|神璽}}) 397–399 * '''Tianxi''' ({{lang|zh-hant|天璽}}) 399–401 }}</small> | Governor of [[Later Liang (Sixteen Kingdoms)|Later Liang]], proclaimed himself Prince of Liang in 397 | Killed by [[Juqu Mengxun]]{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1pp=136}} |- | '''[[Juqu Mengxun]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|沮渠蒙遜}} | – | 401–433<br/><small>({{Age in years|401|433}} years)</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list | titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal | title = Era(s) | expand = | <hr/> * '''Yongan''' ({{lang|zh-hant|永安}}) 401–412 * '''Xuanshi''' ({{lang|zh-hant|玄始}}) 412–428 * '''Chengxuan''' ({{lang|zh-hant|承玄}}) 428–430 * '''Yihe''' ({{lang|zh-hant|義和}}) 430–433 }}</small> | Former ally of [[Duan Ye]], proclaimed himself Duke of Zhangye | Conquered [[Western Liang (Sixteen Kingdoms)|Western Liang]] in 421{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1pp=273}} |- | '''[[Juqu Mujian]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|沮渠牧犍}} | Prince Ai<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|哀王}} | 433–439<br/><small>({{Age in years|433|439}} years)</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list | titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal | title = Era(s) | expand = | <hr/> * '''Shenxi''' ({{lang|zh-hant|神璽}}) 397–399 * '''Yonghe''' ({{lang|zh-hant|永和}}) 433–439 }}</small> | Son of [[Juqu Mengxun]] | Defeated by [[Northern Wei]], later forced to commit suicide in 449 for sedition{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1pp=273}} |} {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center; width:100%;" |+ [[Southern Yan]] (南燕; 398–410){{sfn|Adamek|2017|p=342}} |- ! scope="col" width="15%" | Personal name ! scope="col" width="15%" | Posthumous name ! scope="col" width="25%" | Reign ! scope="col" width="15%" | Succession ! scope="col" width="30%" | Life details |- | '''[[Murong De]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|慕容德}} | Emperor Xianwu<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|獻武皇帝}} | 398–405<br/><small>({{Age in years|398|405}} years)</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list | titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal | title = Era(s) | expand = | <hr/> * '''Jianping''' ({{lang|zh-hant|建平}}) 400–405 }}</small> | Younger brother of [[Murong Chui]] of [[Later Yan]], declared himself Prince in 398 and then Emperor in 400 | 336–405<br/><small>(aged 69)</small> ----Captured and killed by [[Western Qin]]{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1pp=367–368}} |- | '''[[Murong Chao]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|慕容超}} | – | 405–410<br/><small>({{Age in years|405|410}} years)</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list | titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal | title = Era(s) | expand = | <hr/> * '''Taishang''' ({{lang|zh-hant|太上}}) 405–410 }}</small> | Uncertain succession | 385–410<br/><small>(aged 25)</small> ----Captured and killed by [[Eastern Jin]]{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1pp=367–368}} |} {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center; width:100%;" |+ [[Western Liang (Sixteen Kingdoms)|Western Liang]] (西涼; 400–421){{sfn|Adamek|2017|p=343}} |- ! scope="col" width="15%" | Personal name ! scope="col" width="15%" | Posthumous name ! scope="col" width="25%" | Reign ! scope="col" width="15%" | Succession ! scope="col" width="30%" | Life details |- | '''[[Li Gao]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|李暠}} | Prince Wuzhao<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|武昭王}} | 400–417<br/><small>({{Age in years|400|417}} years)</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list | titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal | title = Era(s) | expand = | <hr/> * '''Gengzi''' ({{lang|zh-hant|庚子}}) 400–405 * '''Jianchu''' ({{lang|zh-hant|建初}}) 406–417 }}</small> | Governor of [[Dunhuang]] under [[Duan Ye]] of [[Northern Liang]], declared himself Duke | 351–417<br/><small>(aged 66)</small> ----Died of natural causes{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1p=296}} |- | '''[[Li Xin (Western Liang)|Li Xin]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|李歆}} | – | 417–420<br/><small>({{Age in years|417|420}} years)</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list | titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal | title = Era(s) | expand = | <hr/> * '''Jiaxing''' ({{lang|zh-hant|嘉興}}) 417–420 }}</small> | Son of [[Li Gao]] | Killed by [[Juqu Mengxun]] of [[Northern Liang]]{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1pp=304–305}} |- | '''[[Li Xun (Western Liang)|Li Xun]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|李恂}} | – | 420–421<br/><small>({{Age in years|420|421}} years)</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list | titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal | title = Era(s) | expand = | <hr/> * '''Yongjian''' ({{lang|zh-hant|永建}}): 420–421 }}</small> | Son of [[Li Gao]] | Committed suicide after the fall of [[Dunhuang]]{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1pp=304–305}} |} {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center; width:100%;" |+ [[Helian Xia]] (胡夏; 407–431){{sfn|Adamek|2017|p=344}} |- ! scope="col" width="15%" | Personal name ! scope="col" width="15%" | Posthumous name ! scope="col" width="25%" | Reign ! scope="col" width="15%" | Succession ! scope="col" width="30%" | Life details |- | '''[[Helian Bobo]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|赫連勃勃}} | Emperor Wulie<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|武烈皇帝}} | 407–425<br/><small>({{Age in years|407|425}} years)</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list | titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal | title = Era(s) | expand = | <hr/> * '''Longsheng''' ({{lang|zh-hant|龍升}}) 407–413 * '''Fengxiang''' ({{lang|zh-hant|鳳翔}}) 413–418 * '''Changwu''' ({{lang|zh-hant|昌武}}) 418–419 * '''Zhenxing''' ({{lang|zh-hant|真興}}) 419–425 }}</small> | Subordinate of [[Yao Xing]] of [[Later Qin]], declared himself [[Heavenly King]] in 407 and then Emperor at [[Chang'an]] in 418 | 381–425<br/><small>(aged 44)</small> ----Died of natural causes{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1p=210}} |- | '''[[Helian Chang]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|赫連昌}} | – | 425–428<br/><small>({{Age in years|425|428}} years)</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list | titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal | title = Era(s) | expand = | <hr/> * '''Chengguang''' ({{lang|zh-hant|承光}}) 425–428 }}</small> | Son of [[Helian Bobo]] | Executed by [[Northern Wei]] in 434{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1p=210}} |- | '''[[Helian Ding]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|赫連定}} | – | 428–431<br/><small>({{Age in years|428|431}} years)</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list | titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal | title = Era(s) | expand = | <hr/> * '''Shengguang''' ({{lang|zh-hant|勝光}}): 428–431 }}</small> | Son of [[Helian Bobo]] | Executed by [[Tuyuhun]] in 432{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1p=210}} |} {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center; width:100%;" |+ [[Northern Yan]] (北燕; 407–436){{sfn|Adamek|2017|p=342}} |- ! scope="col" width="15%" | Personal name ! scope="col" width="15%" | Posthumous name ! scope="col" width="25%" | Reign ! scope="col" width="15%" | Succession ! scope="col" width="30%" | Life details |- | '''[[Gao Yun (emperor)|Gao Yun]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|高雲}} | Emperor Huiyi<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|惠懿皇帝}} | 407–409<br/><small>({{Age in years|407|409}} years)</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list | titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal | title = Era(s) | expand = | <hr/> * '''Zhengshi''' ({{lang|zh-hant|正始}}) 407–409 }}</small> | Adopted son of [[Murong Bao]] or [[Later Yan]], proclaimed [[Heavenly King]] by [[Feng Ba]] | Killed by his underlings{{sfn|Xiong|2009|p=210}} |- | '''[[Feng Ba]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|馮跋}} | Emperor Wencheng<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|文成皇帝}} | 409–430<br/><small>({{Age in years|409|430}} years)</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list | titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal | title = Era(s) | expand = | <hr/> * '''Taiping''' ({{lang|zh-hant|太平}}) 409–430 }}</small> | Seized power after Yun's death | Died of natural causes{{sfn|Xiong|2009|pp=153–154}} |- | '''[[Feng Hong]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|馮弘}} | Emperor Zhaocheng<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|昭成皇帝}} | 430–436<br/><small>({{Age in years|430|436}} years)</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list | titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal | title = Era(s) | expand = | <hr/> * '''Daxing''' ({{lang|zh-hant|大興}}) 431–436 }}</small> | Younger brother of [[Feng Ba]] | Defeated by [[Northern Wei]], later murdered in [[Goguryeo]]{{sfn|Xiong|2009|p=210}} |} ===Northern and Southern Dynasties (420–589)=== {{further|Northern and Southern dynasties}} ====Northern Dynasties (420–581)==== {{Main list|List of emperors of China's Northern Dynasties}} {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center; width:100%;" |- |+ '''[[Northern Wei]]''' (北魏; 386–535){{sfn|Adamek|2017|pp=346–347}} |- ! scope="col" width="15%" | [[Posthumous name]] ! scope="col" width="15%" | Personal name ! scope="col" width="25%" | Reign ! scope="col" width="15%" | Succession ! scope="col" width="30%" | Life details |- | '''[[Emperor Daowu of Northern Wei|Emperor Daowu]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|道武皇帝}} | Tuoba Gui<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|拓拔珪}} | 20 February 386 – 409<br/><small>{{Collapsible list | title = Era(s) | expand = |<hr/> * Dengguo ({{lang|zh-hant|登國}}) 386–396 * Huangshi ({{lang|zh-hant|皇始}}) 396–398 * Tianxing ({{lang|zh-hant|天興}}) 398–404 * Tianci ({{lang|zh-hant|赤烏}})404–409 | titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal }}</small> | Leader of the [[Tuoba]], refounded the [[Dai (Sixteen Kingdoms)|Dai State]] as Wei | 371–409<br/><small>(aged 39)</small> ----Killed by his son Tuoba Shao{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1pp=514–515|2a1=''Imperial China''|2y=2020|2p=340|3a1=Liu|3y=2020|3pp=26–28}} |- | '''[[Emperor Mingyuan of Northern Wei|Emperor Mingyuan]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|明元皇帝}} | Tuoba Si<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|拓拔嗣}} | 409–423<br/><small>{{Collapsible list | title = Era(s) | expand = |<hr/> * Yongxing (永興) 409–413 * Shenrui (神瑞) 414–416 * Taichang (泰常) 416–423 | titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal }}</small> | Son of Emperor Daowu | 392–423<br/><small>(aged 31)</small> ----Died of disease{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1pp=514–515|2a1=''Imperial China''|2y=2020|2p=340|3a1=Liu|3y=2020|3pp=26–28}} |- | '''[[Emperor Taiwu of Northern Wei|Emperor Taiwu]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|太武皇帝}} | Tuoba Tao<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|拓拔燾}} |423–452<br/><small>{{Collapsible list | title = Era(s) | expand = |<hr/> * Shiguang (始光) 424–428 * Shenjia (神䴥) 428–431 * Yanhe (延和) 432–434 * Taiyan (太延) 435–440 * Taipingzhenjun (太平真君) 440–451 * Zhengping (正平) 451–452 | titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal }}</small> | Son of Emperor Mingyuan | 408–452<br/><small>(aged 43–44)</small> ----Conquered [[Xia (Sixteen Kingdoms)|Xia]], [[Northern Yan]] and [[Northern Liang|Liang]]. Killed by eunuch [[Zong Ai]]{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1pp=514–515|2a1=''Imperial China''|2y=2020|2p=340|3a1=Liu|3y=2020|3pp=26–28}} |- | '''[[Tuoba Yu]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|拓拔余}} | Tuoba Yu<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|拓拔余}} | 452<br/><small>{{Collapsible list | title = Era(s) | expand = |<hr/> * Chengping({{lang|zh-hant|承平}}) | titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal }}</small> | Son of Taiwu. Put on the throne by eunuch [[Zong Ai]] | Killed by [[Zong Ai]]{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1p=516|2a1=''Imperial China''|2y=2020|2p=340}} |- | '''[[Emperor Wencheng of Northern Wei|Emperor Wencheng]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|文成皇帝}} | Tuoba Jun<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|拓拔濬}} | 452–465<br/><small>{{Collapsible list | title = Era(s) | expand = |<hr/> * Xing'an (興安) 452–454 * Xingguang (興光) 454–455 * Tai'an (太安) 455–459 * Heping (和平) 460–465 | titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal }}</small> | Grandson of Taiwu. Ascended to the throne after the murder of Zong. | 440–465<br/><small>(aged 24–25)</small> ----Died of natural causes{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1p=542|2a1=''Imperial China''|2y=2020|2pp=340–341}} |- | '''[[Emperor Xianwen of Northern Wei|Emperor Xianwen]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|獻文皇帝}} | Tuoba Hong<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|拓拔弘}} | 465–471<br/><small>{{Collapsible list | title = Era(s) | expand = |<hr/> * Tianan (天安) 466–467 * Huangxin (皇興) 467–471 | titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal }}</small> | Son of Wencheng | 454–476<br/><small>(aged 21–22)</small> ----Abdicated in favor of his son Yuan Hong, later dying of natural causes{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1p=569|2a1=''Imperial China''|2y=2020|2p=341}} |- | '''[[Emperor Xiaowen of Northern Wei|Emperor Xiaowen]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|孝文皇帝}} | Tuoba Hong<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|拓拔宏}} ----Yuan Hong<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|元宏}} |471–499<br/><small>{{Collapsible list | title = Era(s) | expand = |<hr/> * Yanxing (延興) 471–476 * Chengming (承明) 476 * Taihe (太和) 477–499 | titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal }}</small> | Son of Xianwen, ruled under the regency of [[Empress Dowager Feng]] until 470. | 467–499<br/><small>(aged 31–32)</small> ----One of the most significant reformers in medieval China. Died of natural causes{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1p=575|2a1=''Imperial China''|2y=2020|2p=341}} |- | '''[[Emperor Xuanwu of Northern Wei|Emperor Xuanwu]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|宣武皇帝}} | Yuan Ke<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|元恪}} | 499–515<br/><small>{{Collapsible list | title = Era(s) | expand = |<hr/> * Jingming (景明) 500–503 * Zhengshi (正始) 504–508 * Yongping (永平) 508–512 * Yanchang (延昌) 512–515 | titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal }}</small> | Son of Xiaowen | 483–515<br/><small>(aged 31–32)</small> ----His reign marked the decline of Wei{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1p=595|2a1=''Imperial China''|2y=2020|2p=341}} |- | '''[[Emperor Xiaoming of Northern Wei|Emperor Xiaoming]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|孝明皇帝}} | Yuan Xu<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|元詡}} | 515–528<br/><small>{{Collapsible list | title = Era(s) | expand = |<hr/> * Xiping (熙平) 516–518 * Shengui (神龜) 518–520 * Zhengguang (正光) 520–525 * Xiaochang (孝昌) 525–527 * Wutai (武泰) 528 | titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal }}</small> | Son of Xuanwu | 510–528<br/><small>(aged 17–18)</small> ----Killed in a power struggle against [[Empress Dowager Hu (Northern Wei)|Empress Dowager Hu]]{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1p=574|2a1=''Imperial China''|2y=2020|2p=341}} |- | ''None, known as''<br/>'''[[Yuan Zhao|Youzhu of Northern Wei]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|北魏幼主}} | Yuan Zhao<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|元釗}} | 528 | Enthroned by [[Empress Dowager Hu (Northern Wei)|Empress Dowager Hu]] | 526–528<br/><small>(aged 2)</small> ----Killed by general [[Erzhu Rong]]{{sfn|Xiong|2009|pp=644–645}} |- | '''[[Emperor Xiaozhuang of Northern Wei|Emperor Xiaozhuang]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|孝莊皇帝}} | Yuan Ziyou<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|元子攸}} | 528–530<br/><small>{{Collapsible list | title = Era(s) | expand = |<hr/> * Jianyi (建義) 528 * Yongan (永安) 528-530 | titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal }}</small> | Enthroned by [[Erzhu Rong]] | 507–early 531<br/><small>(aged 24)</small> ----Killed by general [[Erzhu Zhao]]{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1p=576|2a1=''Imperial China''|2y=2020|2pp=341–342}} |- | '''[[Yuan Ye (emperor)|Yuan Ye]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|元曄}} | Yuan Ye<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|元曄}} | 530–531<br/><small>{{Collapsible list | title = Era(s) | expand = |<hr/> * Jianming (建明) 530–531 | titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal }}</small> | Enthroned by the Erzhu Clan in opposition to Xiaozhuang | Executed in 532{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1pp=644–645|2a1=''Imperial China''|2y=2020|2p=342}} |- | '''[[Emperor Jiemin of Northern Wei|Emperor Jiemin]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|節閔皇帝}} | Yuan Gong<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|元恭}} | 531–532<br/><small>{{Collapsible list | title = Era(s) | expand = |<hr/> * Putai (普泰) 531–532 | titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal }}</small> | Enthroned by [[Erzhu Shilong]] | 498–532<br/><small>(aged 33–34)</small> ----Deposed and executed by [[Gao Huan]]{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1pp=642–643|2a1=''Imperial China''|2y=2020|2p=342}} |- | '''[[Yuan Lang]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|元朗}} | Yuan Lang<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|元朗}} | 531–532<br/><small>{{Collapsible list | title = Era(s) | expand = |<hr/> * Zhongxing (中興) 531–532 | titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal }}</small> | Enthroned by [[Gao Huan]] | 513–532<br/><small>(aged 19–18)</small> ----Deposed and executed by [[Gao Huan]]{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1pp=642–643|2a1=''Imperial China''|2y=2020|2p=342}} |- | '''[[Emperor Xiaowu of Northern Wei|Emperor Xiaowu]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|孝武皇帝}} | Yuan Xiu<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|元脩}} | 532–535<br/><small>{{Collapsible list | title = Era(s) | expand = |<hr/> * Taichang (太昌) 532 * Yongxing (永興) 532 * Yongxi (永熙) 532–534 | titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal }}</small> | Enthroned by [[Gao Huan]] | 510–early 535<br/><small>(aged 25)</small> ----Fled to Chang’an, where he was poisoned by [[Yuwen Tai]] of [[Northern Zhou]]{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1pp=642–643|2a1=''Imperial China''|2y=2020|2pp=342–343}} |} {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center; width:100%;" |- |+ '''[[Eastern Wei]] (东魏; 534–550){{sfn|Adamek|2017|p=347|pp=}}''' |- ! scope="col" width="15%" | [[Posthumous name]] ! scope="col" width="15%" | Personal name ! scope="col" width="25%" | Reign ! scope="col" width="15%" | Succession ! scope="col" width="30%" | Life details |- | '''[[Emperor Xiaojing of Eastern Wei|Emperor Xiaojing]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|孝靜皇帝}} | Yuan Shanjian<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|元善見}} | 534–550<br/><small>{{Collapsible list | title = Era(s) | expand = |<hr/> * Tianping ({{lang|zh-hant|登國}}) 534–537 * Yuanxiang ({{lang|zh-hant|皇始}}) 538–539 * Xinghe ({{lang|zh-hant|天興}}) 539–542 * Wuding ({{lang|zh-hant|赤烏}}) 543–550| titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal }}</small> | Enthroned by [[Gao Huan]] | 524–552<br/><small>(aged 27–28)</small> ----Forced to abdicate and later poisoned by [[Emperor Wenxuan of Northern Qi|Gao Yang]]{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1p=574|2a1=''Imperial China''|2y=2020|2p=343}} |} {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center; width:100%;" |- |+ '''[[Northern Qi]] (北齐; 550–577){{sfn|Adamek|2017|p=347|pp=}}''' |- ! scope="col" width="15%" | [[Posthumous name]] ! scope="col" width="15%" | Personal name ! scope="col" width="25%" | Reign ! scope="col" width="15%" | Succession ! scope="col" width="30%" | Life details |- | '''[[Emperor Wenxuan of Northern Qi|Emperor Wenxuan]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|文宣皇帝}} | Gao Yang<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|高洋}} | 550–559<br/><small>{{Collapsible list | title = Era(s) | expand = |<hr/> * Tianbao ({{lang|zh-hant|天保}})| titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal }}</small> | Regent of [[Eastern Wei]], proclaimed himself emperor after deposing [[Emperor Xiaojing of Eastern Wei|Emperor Xiaojing]] | 529–559<br/><small>(aged 29–30)</small> ----Supposedly suffered insanity in his late reign. Died of natural causes{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1pp=173–174|2a1=''Imperial China''|2y=2020|2p=344}} |- |'''[[Emperor Fei of Northern Qi|Emperor Fei]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|廢皇帝}} | Gao Yin<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|高殷}} | 559–560<br/><small>{{Collapsible list | title = Era(s) | expand = |<hr/> * Qianming ({{lang|zh-hant|乾明}})| titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal }}</small> | Son of Emperor Wenxuan, enthroned by official [[Yang Yin]] | 545–561<br/><small>(aged 15–16)</small> ----Forced to abdicate by his uncles [[Emperor Xiaozhao of Northern Qi|Gao Yan]] and [[Gao Zhan]], later executed{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1pp=173–174|2a1=''Imperial China''|2y=2020|2p=344}} |- | '''[[Emperor Xiaozhao of Northern Qi|Emperor Xiaozhao]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|孝昭皇帝}} | Gao Yan<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|高演}} | 560–561<br/><small>{{Collapsible list | title = Era(s) | expand = |<hr/> * Huangjian ({{lang|zh-hant|登國}})| titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal }}</small> | Son of [[Gao Huan]], seized power through a palace coup | 535–559<br/><small>(aged 25–26)</small> ----Died of natural causes{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1pp=173–174|2a1=''Imperial China''|2y=2020|2p=344}} |- | '''[[Emperor Wucheng of Northern Qi|Emperor Wucheng]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|武成皇帝}} | Gao Zhan<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|高湛}} | 561–565<br/><small>{{Collapsible list | title = Era(s) | expand = |<hr/> * Taining ({{lang|zh-hant|太寧}}) 561–562 * Heqing ({{lang|zh-hant|河清}}) 562–565| titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal }}</small> | Brother of Xiaozhao | 537–569<br/><small>(aged 31–32)</small> ----[[Taishang Huang|Abdicated]] in favor of his son, later dying of natural causes{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1pp=173–174|2a1=''Imperial China''|2y=2020|2pp=344–345}} |- | '''[[Gao Wei]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|高緯}} | Gao Wei<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|高緯}} | 565–577<br/><small>{{Collapsible list | title = Era(s) | expand = |<hr/> * Tiantong ({{lang|zh-hant|天統}}) 565–569 * Wǔpíng ({{lang|zh-hant|河清}}) 570–576 * Longhua ({{lang|zh-hant|隆化}}) 576| titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal }}</small> | Son of Wucheng, ruled under his father's regency until 569 | 557–577<br/><small>(aged 19–20)</small> ----[[Taishang Huang|Abdicated]] in favor of his son, later killed by [[Northern Zhou]]{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1pp=173–174|2a1=''Imperial China''|2y=2020|2p=345}} |- | '''[[Gao Heng]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|高恆}} | Gao Heng<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|高恆}} | 577<br/><small>{{Collapsible list | title = Era(s) | expand = |<hr/> * Chengguang ({{lang|zh-hant|承光}})| titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal }}</small> | Son of Gao Wei | 557–577<br/><small>(aged 19–20)</small> ----[[Taishang Huang|Abdicated]] in favor of his uncle Gao Jie, but was soon killed alongside him{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1p=171|2a1=''Imperial China''|2y=2020|2pp=345–346}} |} {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center; width:100%;" |- |+'''[[Western Wei]] (西魏; 535–557){{sfn|Adamek|2017|p=347|pp=}}''' |- ! scope="col" width="15%" | [[Posthumous name]] ! scope="col" width="15%" | Personal name ! scope="col" width="25%" | Reign ! scope="col" width="15%" | Succession ! scope="col" width="30%" | Life details |- | '''[[Emperor Wen of Western Wei|Emperor Wen]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|文皇帝}} | Yuan Baoyu<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|元寶炬}} | 535–551<br/><small>{{Collapsible list | title = Era(s) | expand = |<hr/> * Datong ({{lang|zh-hant|大統}}) 535–551 | titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal }}</small> | Grandson of [[Emperor Xiaowen of Northern Wei]] | 507–551<br/><small>(aged 43–44)</small> ----Killed by [[Yuwen Tai]] of [[Northern Zhou]]{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1pp=642–643|2a1=''Imperial China''|2y=2020|2p=344}} |- | '''[[Emperor Fei of Western Wei|Emperor Fei]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|廢帝}} | Yuan Qin<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|元欽}} | 551–554 | Son of Emperor Wen, enthroned by [[Yuwen Tai]] | Poisoned to death by Yuwen Tai{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1pp=642–643|2a1=''Imperial China''|2y=2020|2p=344}} |- | '''[[Emperor Gong of Western Wei|Emperor Gong]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|恭皇帝}} | Yuan Kuo<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|元廓}} | 554–556 | Son of Emperor Wen, enthroned by [[Yuwen Tai]] | 537–557<br/><small>(aged 19–20)</small> ----Abdicated in favor of [[Yuwen Jue]], Tai's son. Killed shortly after{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1pp=642–643|2a1=''Imperial China''|2y=2020|2p=344}} |} {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center; width:100%;" |- |+ '''[[Northern Zhou]] (北周; 557–581){{sfn|Adamek|2017|p=348|pp=}}''' |- ! scope="col" width="15%" | [[Posthumous name]] ! scope="col" width="15%" | Personal name ! scope="col" width="25%" | Reign ! scope="col" width="15%" | Succession ! scope="col" width="30%" | Life details |- | '''[[Emperor Xiaomin of Northern Zhou|Emperor Xiaomin]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|孝閔皇帝}} | Yuwen Jue<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|宇文覺}} | 557 | Son of [[Yuwen Tai]], proclaimed himself [[Heavenly King]] under [[Yuwen Hu]]'s patronage and refounded the Northern Wei State as ''Zhou'' | 542–557<br/><small>(aged 14–15)</small> ----Poisoned to death after a failed coup against Yuwen Hu{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1pp=654–656|2a1=''Imperial China''|2y=2020|2pp=346–347}} |- | '''[[Emperor Ming of Northern Zhou|Emperor Ming]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|明皇帝}} | Yuwen Yu<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|宇文毓}} | 557–560<br/><small>{{Collapsible list | titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal | title = Era(s) | expand = |<hr/> * Wucheng ({{lang|zh-hant|武成}}) 559–560 }}</small> | Son of [[Yuwen Tai]], ruled alongside [[Yuwen Hu]] | 534–560<br/><small>(aged 25–26)</small> ----Poisoned to death by Yuwen Hu{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1pp=654–656|2a1=''Imperial China''|2y=2020|2p=347}} |- | '''[[Emperor Wu of Northern Zhou|Emperor Wu]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|武皇帝}} | Yuwen Yong<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|宇文邕}} | 561–578<br/><small>{{Collapsible list | title = Era(s) | expand = |<hr/> * Baoding ({{lang|zh-hant|保定}}) 561–565 * Tianhe ({{lang|zh-hant|河清}}) 565–572 * Jiande ({{lang|zh-hant|隆化}}) 572–578 * Xuanzheng ({{lang|zh-hant|隆化}}) 578 | titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal }}</small> | Son of [[Yuwen Tai]], sole ruler after deposing [[Yuwen Hu]] in 572 | 543–578<br/><small>(aged 34–35)</small> ----Died of natural causes{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1pp=654–656|2a1=''Imperial China''|2y=2020|2p=347}} |- | '''[[Emperor Xuan of Northern Zhou|Emperor Xuan]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|宣皇帝}} | Yuwen Yun<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|宇文贇}} | 578–579<br/><small>{{Collapsible list | title = Era(s) | expand = |<hr/> * Dacheng ({{lang|zh-hant|大成}}) 579 | titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal }}</small> |Son of Yuwen Yong |559–580<br/><small>(aged 34–35)</small> ----He neglected government and abdicated in favor of his son{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1pp=654–656|2a1=''Imperial China''|2y=2020|2p=347}} |- | '''[[Emperor Jing of Northern Zhou|Emperor Jing]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|靜皇帝}} | Yuwen Yan<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|宇文衍}} ----Yuwen Chan<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|宇文闡}} |579–581<br/><small>{{Collapsible list | title = Era(s) | expand = |<hr/> * Daxiang ({{lang|zh-hant|大象}}) 579–581 * Dading ({{lang|zh-hant|大定}}) 581 | titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal }}</small> | Son of Yuwen Yun | 573–581<br/><small>(aged 7–8)</small> ----Killed by officer Yang Jian, the future [[Emperor Wen of Sui]]{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1pp=654–656|2a1=''Imperial China''|2y=2020|2p=347}} |} ====Southern Dynasties (420–589)==== {{Main list|List of emperors of China's Southern Dynasties}} {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center; width:100%;" |- |+ '''[[Liu Song dynasty]] (劉宋, 420–479){{sfn|Adamek|2017|p=345|pp=}}''' |- ! scope="col" width="15%" | [[Posthumous name]] ! scope="col" width="15%" | Personal name ! scope="col" width="25%" | Reign ! scope="col" width="15%" | Succession ! scope="col" width="30%" | Life details |- | '''[[Emperor Wu of Song|Emperor Wu]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|武皇帝}} | Liu Yu<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|劉裕}} | 420–422<br/><small>({{Age in years|420|422}} years)</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list | title = Era(s) | expand =|<hr/> * Yongchu ({{lang|zh-hant|永初}})| titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal }}</small> | Proclaimed himself emperor after defeating [[Huan Xuan]] of [[Jin dynasty (266–420)|Jin]] in 404, conquering [[Southern Yan]] in 410 and taking [[Later Qin]] in 417. | 363–422<br/><small>(aged 58–59)</small> ----Died of natural causes{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1p=329|2a1=''Imperial China''|2y=2020|2p=336}} |- | '''[[Emperor Shao of Song|Emperor Shao]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|少帝}} | Liu Yifu<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|劉義符}} | 422–424<br/><small>({{Age in years|422|424}} years)</small><small>{{Collapsible list | title = Era(s) | expand =|<hr/> * Jingping ({{lang|zh-hant|景平}}) 423–424| titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal }}</small> | Son of Emperor Wu | 406–424<br/><small>(aged 17–18)</small> ----Killed by officer [[Xu Xianzhi]]{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1p=442|2a1=''Imperial China''|2y=2020|2p=336}} |- | '''[[Emperor Wen of Song|Emperor Wen]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|文皇帝}} | Liu Yilong<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|劉義隆}} | 424–453<br/><small>({{Age in years|424|453}} years)</small><small>{{Collapsible list | title = Era(s) | expand =|<hr/> * Yuanjia ({{lang|zh-hant|元嘉}}) 424–453| titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal }}</small> | Son of Emperor Wu | 407–453<br/><small>(aged 45–46)</small> ----Killed by his son{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1p=542|2a1=''Imperial China''|2y=2020|2p=336}} |- | '''[[Liu Shao (Liu Song)|Liu Shao]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|劉劭}} | Liu Shao<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|劉劭}} | 453<br/><small>(less than a year)</small><small>{{Collapsible list | title = Era(s) | expand =|<hr/> * Taichu ({{lang|zh-hant|太初}}) 453| titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal }}</small> | Son of Emperor Wen | {{Circa}} 426–453<br/><small>(aged c. 27)</small> ----Killed by his brother{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1p=326|2a1=''Imperial China''|2y=2020|2p=336}} |- | '''[[Emperor Xiaowu of Song|Emperor Xiaowu]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|孝武皇帝}} | Liu Jun<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|劉駿}} | 453–464<br/><small>({{Age in years|453|464}} years)</small><small>{{Collapsible list | title = Era(s) | expand =|<hr/> * Xiaojian ({{lang|zh-hant|孝建}}) 454–456 * Daming ({{lang|zh-hant|大明}}) 457–464| titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal }}</small> | Son of Emperor Wen | 430–464<br/><small>(aged 13–14)</small> ----Died of natural causes{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1p=575|2a1=''Imperial China''|2y=2020|2p=336}} |- | '''[[Emperor Qianfei of Song|Emperor Qianfei]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|前廢帝}} | Liu Ziye<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|劉子業}} | 464–465<br/><small>({{Age in years|464|465}} years)</small><small>{{Collapsible list | title = Era(s) | expand =|<hr/> * Yongguang ({{lang|zh-hant|永光}}) 456 * Jinghe ({{lang|zh-hant|景和}}) 456| titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal }}</small> | Son of Emperor Xiaowu | 449–465<br/><small>(aged 15–16)</small> ----Killed in a conspiracy{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1p=401|2a1=''Imperial China''|2y=2020|2p=336}} |- | '''[[Emperor Ming of Song|Emperor Ming]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|明皇帝}} | Liu Yu<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|劉彧}} | 466–472<br/><small>({{Age in years|466|472}} years)</small><small>{{Collapsible list | title = Era(s) | expand =|<hr/> * Taishi ({{lang|zh-hant|泰始}}) 465–471 * Taiyu ({{lang|zh-hant|泰豫}}) 472| titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal }}</small> | Son of Emperor Wen | 439–472<br/><small>(aged 15–16)</small> ----Died of natural causes{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1p=362|2a1=''Imperial China''|2y=2020|2pp=336–337}} |- | '''[[Emperor Houfei of Song|Emperor Houfei]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|後廢帝}} | Liu Yu<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|劉昱}} | 472–477<br/><small>({{Age in years|472|477}} years)</small><small>{{Collapsible list | title = Era(s) | expand =|<hr/> * Yuanhui ({{lang|zh-hant|元徽}}) 473–477| titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal }}</small> | Son of Emperor Ming | 463–477<br/><small>(aged 13–14)</small> ----Killed by [[Xiao Daocheng]]{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1p=220|2a1=''Imperial China''|2y=2020|2p=337}} |- | '''[[Emperor Shun of Song|Emperor Shun]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|順皇帝}} | Liu Zhun<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|劉準}} | 477–479<br/><small>({{Age in years|477|479}} years)</small><br/> <small>{{Collapsible list | title = Era(s) | expand = |<hr/> * Shengming ({{lang|zh-hant|昇明}})| titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal }}</small> | Son of Emperor Ming, enthroned by Xiao Daocheng, the future [[Emperor Gao of Southern Qi]] | 467–479<br/><small>(aged 13–14)</small> ----Killed by [[Xiao Daocheng]]{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1p=461|2a1=''Imperial China''|2y=2020|2p=337}} |} {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center; width:100%;" |- |+ '''[[Southern Qi]] (南齊; 479–502){{sfn|Adamek|2017|p=345|pp=}}''' |- ! scope="col" width="15%" | [[Posthumous name]] ! scope="col" width="15%" | Personal name ! scope="col" width="25%" | Reign ! scope="col" width="15%" | Succession ! scope="col" width="30%" | Life details |- | '''[[Emperor Gao of Southern Qi|Emperor Gao]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|高皇帝}} | Xiao Daocheng<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|蕭道成}} |479–482<br/><small>({{Age in years|479|482}} years)</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list | title = Era(s) | expand =|<hr/> * Jianyuan ({{lang|zh-hant|建元}}) 479–482| titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal }}</small> | Proclaimed himself emperor after overthrowing the [[Liu Song dynasty]] | 427–482<br/><small>(aged 54–55)</small> ----Died of natural causes{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1p=570|2a1=''Imperial China''|2y=2020|2p=337}} |- | '''[[Emperor Wu of Southern Qi|Emperor Wu]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|武皇帝}} | Xiao Ze<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|蕭賾}} |482–493<br/><small>({{Age in years|482|493}} years)</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list | title = Era(s) | expand =|<hr/> * Jianyuan ({{lang|zh-hant|建元}}) 483–493| titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal }}</small> |Son of Emperor Gao |440–493<br/><small>(aged 54–55)</small> ----Died of natural causes{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1p=554|2a1=''Imperial China''|2y=2020|2p=337}} |- | '''Prince of Yulin'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|鬱林王}} | [[Xiao Zhaoye]]<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|蕭昭業}} |493–494<br/><small>({{Age in years|493|494}} years)</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list | title = Era(s) | expand =|<hr/> * Jianyuan ({{lang|zh-hant|隆昌}}) 494| titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal }}</small> |Grandson of Emperor Wu |473–494<br/><small>(aged 20–21)</small> ----Killed by [[Xiao Luan]]{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1p=554|2a1=''Imperial China''|2y=2020|2p=337}} |- | '''[[Xiao Zhaowen]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|蕭昭文}} | Xiao Zhaowen<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|蕭昭文}} | 494<br/><small>(less than a year)</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list | title = Era(s) | expand =|<hr/> * Yanxing ({{lang|zh-hant|延興}}) 494| titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal }}</small> | Younger brother of [[Xiao Zhaoye]] | 480–494<br/><small>(aged 13–14)</small> ----Killed by [[Xiao Luan]]{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1p=573|2a1=''Imperial China''|2y=2020|2p=337}} |- | '''[[Emperor Ming of Southern Qi|Emperor Ming]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|明皇帝}} | Xiao Luan<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|蕭鸞}} | 494–498<br/><small>({{Age in years|494|498}} years)</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list | title = Era(s) | expand =|<hr/> * Jianwu ({{lang|zh-hant|建武}}) 494–498 * Tongtai ({{lang|zh-hant|永泰}}) 498| titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal }}</small> | Nephew of Emperor Gao | 452–498<br/><small>(aged 45–46)</small> ----Died of natural causes{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1p=572|2a1=''Imperial China''|2y=2020|2p=338}} |- | '''[[Marquess of Donghun]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|東昏侯}} | Xiao Baojuan<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|蕭寶卷}} | 498–501<br/><small>({{Age in years|498|501}} years)</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list | title = Era(s) | expand =|<hr/> * Yongyuan ({{lang|zh-hant|永元}}) 499–501| titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal }}</small> | Son of [[Xiao Luan]] | 483–501<br/><small>(aged 17–18)</small> ----Killed by his underlings{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1p=126|2a1=''Imperial China''|2y=2020|2p=338}} |- | '''[[Emperor He of Southern Qi|Emperor He]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|和皇帝}} | Xiao Baorong<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|蕭寶融}} | 501–502<br/><small>({{Age in years|501|502}} years)</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list | title = Era(s) | expand =|<hr/> * Zhongxing ({{lang|zh-hant|中興}}) 501–502| titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal }}</small> | Son of [[Xiao Luan]], set up in [[Jiangling County|Jiangling]] in opposition to his brother | 488–502<br/><small>(aged 13–14)</small> ----Deposed and killed by [[Emperor Yuan of Liang|Xiao Yan]]{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1p=208|2a1=''Imperial China''|2y=2020|2p=338}} |} {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center; width:100%;" |- |+ '''[[Liang dynasty]] (梁; 502–557){{sfn|Adamek|2017|p=345|pp=}}''' |- ! scope="col" width="15%" | [[Posthumous name]] ! scope="col" width="15%" | Personal name ! scope="col" width="25%" | Reign ! scope="col" width="15%" | Succession ! scope="col" width="30%" | Life details |- | '''[[Emperor Wu of Liang|Emperor Wu]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|武皇帝}} | Xiao Yan<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|蕭衍}} | 502–549<br/><small>({{Age in years|502|549}} years)</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list | title = Era(s) | expand =|<hr/> * Tianjian ({{lang|zh-hant|天監}}) 502–519 * Putong ({{lang|zh-hant|普通}}) 520–527 * Datong ({{lang|zh-hant|大通}}) 527–529 * Zhongdatong ({{lang|zh-hant|中大通}}) 529–534 * Datong ({{lang|zh-hant|大同}}) 535–546 * Zhongdatong ({{lang|zh-hant|中大同}}) 546–547 * Taiqing ({{lang|zh-hant|太清}}) 547–549| titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal }}</small> | Overthrew the [[Southern Qi]] | 464–549<br/><small>(aged 85)</small> ----Imprisoned during the rebellion of [[Hou Jing]], died of hunger{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1p=554|2a1=''Imperial China''|2y=2020|2p=338}} |- | '''[[Emperor Jianwen of Liang|Emperor Jianwen]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|簡文皇帝}} | Xiao Gang<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|蕭綱}} | 549–551<br/><small>({{Age in years|549|551}} years)</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list | title = Era(s) | expand =|<hr/> * Dabao ({{lang|zh-hant|大寶}}) 550–551| titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal }}</small> | Son of Emperor Wu, enthroned by [[Hou Jing]] | 503–551<br/><small>(aged 47–48)</small> ----Deposed and killed by [[Hou Jing]]{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1p=248|2a1=''Imperial China''|2y=2020|2p=338}} |- | ''None, known by his personal name'' | '''[[Xiao Dong]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|蕭棟}} | 551<br/><small>(less than a year)</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list | title = Era(s) | expand =|<hr/> * Tianzheng ({{lang|zh-hant|天正}}) 551| titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal }}</small> | Grandson of [[Xiao Tong]] and great-grandson of [[Emperor Wu of Liang|Emperor Wu]], enthroned by [[Hou Jing]] | 503–551<br/><small>(aged 47–48)</small> ----Deposed by [[Hou Jing]] and killed by [[Emperor Yuan of Liang|Xiao Yi]]{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1p=248|2a1=''Imperial China''|2y=2020|2p=338}} |- | '''[[Emperor Yuan of Liang|Emperor Yuan]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|元皇帝}} | Xiao Yi<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|蕭繹}} | 552–555<br/><small>({{Age in years|552|555}} years)</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list | title = Era(s) | expand =|<hr/> * Chengsheng ({{lang|zh-hant|承聖}}) 552–555| titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal }}</small> | Son of Wu. Sole ruler after defeating [[Hou Jing]] in 552 and [[Xiao Ji]] in 553. | 508–555<br/><small>(aged 46–47)</small> ----Captured and killed by [[Western Wei]]{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1p=248|2a1=''Imperial China''|2y=2020|2p=338}} |- | Emperor Min<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|閔皇帝}} | '''[[Xiao Yuanming]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|蕭淵明}} | 555<br/><small>(less than a year)</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list | title = Era(s) | expand =|<hr/> * Tiancheng ({{lang|zh-hant|天成}}) 555| titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal }}</small> | Nephew of Wu, enthroned by official [[Wang Sengbian]] | Deposed by [[Chen Baxian]], died of natural causes in 556{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1p=573|2a1=''Imperial China''|2y=2020|2p=339}} |- | '''[[Emperor Jing of Liang|Emperor Jin]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|敬皇帝}} | Xiao Fangzhi<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|蕭方智}} | 555–557<br/><small>({{Age in years|555|557}} years)</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list | title = Era(s) | expand =|<hr/> * Shaotai (紹泰) 555–556 * Taiping (太平) 556–557| titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal }}</small> | Son of Yuan, enthroned by [[Chen Baxian]] | 543–558<br/><small>(aged 14–15)</small> ----Deposed and killed by [[Chen Baxian]]{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1p=571|2a1=''Imperial China''|2y=2020|2p=339}} |} {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center; width:100%;" |- |+ '''[[Western Liang (555–587)|Western Liang]] (西梁; 555–587){{sfn|Adamek|2017|p=346|pp=}}''' |- ! scope="col" width="15%" | [[Posthumous name]] ! scope="col" width="15%" | Personal name ! scope="col" width="25%" | Reign ! scope="col" width="15%" | Succession ! scope="col" width="30%" | Life details |- | Emperor Xuan<br />{{lang|zh-hant|宣皇帝}} | '''[[Xiao Cha]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|蕭詧}} | 555–562<br/><small>({{Age in years|555|562}} years)</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list | title = Era(s) | expand =|<hr/> * Dading ({{lang|zh-hant|大定}}) 555–562| titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal }}</small> | Son of [[Xiao Tong]] and grandson of [[Emperor Wu of Liang|Emperor Wu]], enthroned by [[Western Wei]] | 519–562<br/><small>(aged 42–43)</small> ----Died of natural causes{{sfn|Xiong|2009|p=570}} |- | Emperor Ming<br />{{lang|zh-hant|明皇帝}} | '''[[Xiao Kui]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|蕭巋}} | 562–585<br/><small>({{Age in years|562|585}} years)</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list | title = Era(s) | expand =|<hr/> * Tianbao ({{lang|zh-hant|天保}}) 562–585| titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal }}</small> | Son of [[Xiao Cha]] | 542–585<br/><small>(aged 42–43)</small> ----Died of natural causes{{sfn|Xiong|2009|p=571}} |- | Emperor Jing<br />{{lang|zh-hant|靖皇帝}} | '''[[Xiao Cong]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|蕭琮}} | 585–587<br/><small>({{Age in years|585|587}} years)</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list | title = Era(s) | expand =|<hr/> * Guangyun ({{lang|zh-hant|廣運}}) 586–587| titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal }}</small> | Son of [[Xiao Kui]] | Deposed by [[Emperor Wen of Sui]] in 587, died of natural causes {{circa}} 607{{sfn|Xiong|2009|p=570}} |} {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center; width:100%;" |- |+ '''[[Chen dynasty]]'''(陳; 557–589){{sfn|Adamek|2017|p=346|pp=}} |- ! scope="col" width="15%" | [[Posthumous name]] ! scope="col" width="15%" | Personal name ! scope="col" width="25%" | Reign ! scope="col" width="15%" | Succession ! scope="col" width="30%" | Life details |- | '''[[Emperor Wu of Chen|Emperor Wu]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|武皇帝}} | Chen Baxian<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|陳霸先}} | 557–559<br/><small>({{Age in years|557|559}} years)</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list | title = Era(s) | expand =|<hr/> * Yongding ({{lang|zh-hant|永定}}) 557–559| titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal }}</small> | Overthrew the [[Liang Dynasty]] | 503–559<br/><small>(aged 55–56)</small> ----Died of natural causes{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1p=84|2a1=''Imperial China''|2y=2020|2p=339}} |- | '''[[Emperor Wen of Chen|Emperor Wen]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|文皇帝}} | Chen Qian<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|陳蒨}} | 559–566<br/><small>({{Age in years|559|566}} years)</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list | title = Era(s) | expand =|<hr/> * Tianjia ({{lang|zh-hant|永定}}) 560–566 * Tiankang ({{lang|zh-hant|天康}}) 566| titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal }}</small> | Nephew of [[Chen Baxian]] | 522–566<br/><small>(aged 43–44)</small> ----Died of natural causes{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1pp=|1p=542|2a1=''Imperial China''|2y=2020|2p=339}} |- | '''[[Emperor Fei of Chen|Emperor Fei]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|廢帝}} | Chen Bozong<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|陳伯宗}} | 566–568<br/><small>({{Age in years|566|568}} years)</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list | title = Era(s) | expand =|<hr/> * Guangda ({{lang|zh-hant|光大}}) 555–568| titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal }}</small> | Son of Emperor Wen | 554–570<br/><small>(aged 15–16)</small> ----Deposed by his uncle{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1p=152|2a1=''Imperial China''|2y=2020|2p=339}} |- | '''[[Emperor Xuan of Chen|Emperor Xuan]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|宣皇帝}} | Chen Xu<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|陳頊}} | 569–582<br/><small>({{Age in years|569|582}} years)</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list | title = Era(s) | expand =|<hr/> * Taijian ({{lang|zh-hant|太建}}) 569–582| titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal }}</small> |Younger brother of Emperor Wen |528–582<br/><small>(aged 59–60)</small> ----Died of natural causes{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1p=594|2a1=''Imperial China''|2y=2020|2p=339}} |- | '''[[Chen Houzhu]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|陳後主}} | Chen Shubao<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|陳叔寶}} | 582–589<br/><small>({{Age in years|582|589}} years)</small> | Son of Emperor Xuan | 553–604<br/><small>(aged 50–51)</small> ----Neglect of government, he was captured by the Sui army. Died of natural causes{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1p=221|2a1=''Imperial China''|2y=2020|2p=339}} |}
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