Editing Circumcision and law (section)

=== Germany ===

The German Association of Pediatricians (BVKJ) finds no medical reason for non-therapeutic circumcision and that the [[American Academy of Pediatrics|AAP]] (2012) recommendation scientifically unsustainable, and that boys should have the same constitutional legal right to physical integrity as girls:<ref>{{Cite web |title=Stellungnahme Dr.med. Wolfram Hartmann, Präsident des Berufsverbands der Kinder- und Jugendärzte, zur Anhörung am 26. November 2012 zum Gesetzentwurf der Bundesregierung zur Beschneidung: www.bvkj.de |url=https://www.bvkj.de/bvkj-news/pressemitteilungen/news/article/stellungnahme-drmed-wolfram-hartmann-praesident-des-berufsverbands-der-kinder-und-jugendaerzte/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191016133736/https://www.bvkj.de/bvkj-news/pressemitteilungen/news/article/stellungnahme-drmed-wolfram-hartmann-praesident-des-berufsverbands-der-kinder-und-jugendaerzte/ |archive-date=16 October 2019 |access-date=2019-10-16 |website=bvkj.de |language=de}}</ref>

{{blockquote | From a medical point of view, there is no reason to remove the intact foreskin of underage and non-consenting boys. ... The tip of the foreskin is richly supplied with blood by important vascular structures. The foreskin serves as a connecting channel for numerous important veins. Circumcision can contribute to erectile dysfunction by destroying these blood lines. Their removal can, as the accounts of many sufferers show, lead to considerable restrictions on the sexual experience and mental stress. The frequently cited AAP opinion (DOI: 10.1542 / peds.2012-1989 Pediatrics "originally published online 27 Aug. 2012) contradicts earlier statements by the same organization without being able to invoke new research findings. This AAP opinion is now considered scientifically unsustainable by almost all other pediatric societies and associations in the world.&nbsp;... The [[World Health Organization|WHO]] recommendation on prophylactic circumcision also applies only to sexually mature sexually active men in low-hygiene countries and cannot be used as a basis for the prophylactic circumcision underage boys. ... Worldwide, no medical professional society, not even the AAP, sees such a significant advantage in the general circumcision of young boys that it generally recommends them. ... Religious regulations must not influence doctors in their care for their patients - and underage children deserve our very special care here. According to our sense of justice, boys have the same constitutional legal right to physical integrity as girls; they must not be disadvantaged because of their gender (Article 3 of the Basic Law). Parental rights and religious freedom end where the physical integrity of a child who is under the age of consent is not affected (Article 2 of the Basic Law) without a clear medical indication.| author = {{Flagicon|Germany}} German Association of Paediatricians}}

In October 2006, a Turkish national who performed ritual circumcisions on seven boys was convicted of causing dangerous bodily harm by the state court in [[Düsseldorf]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Raw Story - Germany fines circumciser for initiation of 7 boys |url=http://rawstory.com/news/2006/Germany_fines_circumciser_for_initi_10172006.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070330135005/http://rawstory.com/news/2006/Germany_fines_circumciser_for_initi_10172006.html |archive-date=30 March 2007 |access-date=22 October 2006}}</ref>

In September 2007, a [[Frankfurt|Frankfurt am Main]] appeals court found that the circumcision of an 11-year-old boy without his approval was an unlawful personal injury. The boy, whose parents were divorced, was visiting his Muslim father during a vacation when his father forced him to be ritually circumcised. The boy had planned to sue his father for {{euro|10,000}}.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://jta.org/cgi-bin/iowa/breaking/104271.html|access-date=2022-08-01|title=Archived copy|archive-date=17 October 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071017044733/http://jta.org/cgi-bin/iowa/breaking/104271.html|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Hessenrecht Landesrechtsprechungsdatenbank Entscheidungen der hessischen Gerichte |url=http://www.lareda.hessenrecht.hessen.de/jportal/portal/t/dz2/page/bslaredaprod.psml?pid=Dokumentanzeige&showdoccase=1&js_peid=Trefferliste&documentnumber=1&numberofresults=1&fromdoctodoc=yes&doc.id=KORE244012007:juris-r01&doc.part=L&doc.price=0.0&doc.hl=1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150220115949/http://www.lareda.hessenrecht.hessen.de/jportal/portal/t/dz2/page/bslaredaprod.psml?pid=Dokumentanzeige&showdoccase=1&js_peid=Trefferliste&documentnumber=1&numberofresults=1&fromdoctodoc=yes&doc.id=KORE244012007%3Ajuris-r01&doc.part=L&doc.price=0.0&doc.hl=1 |archive-date=20 February 2015 |access-date=4 September 2016}}</ref>

In May 2012, the Cologne regional appellate court ruled that religious circumcision of male children amounts to bodily injury, and is a criminal offense in the area under its jurisdiction.<ref name="telegraph"/> The decision based on the article "Criminal Relevance of Circumcising Boys. A Contribution to the Limitation of Consent in Cases of Care for the Person of the Child"<ref>Holm Putzke: [http://www.holmputzke.de/images/stories/pdf/2008_fs_herzberg_beschneidung.pdf ''Die strafrechtliche Relevanz der Beschneidung von Knaben. Zugleich ein Beitrag über die Grenzen der Einwilligung in Fällen der Personensorge''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200531031407/http://www.holmputzke.de/images/stories/pdf/2008_fs_herzberg_beschneidung.pdf |date=31 May 2020 }}. In: Festschrift für Rolf Dietrich Herzberg, Tübingen 2008, p. 669–709 - Translation: [http://www.holmputzke.de/images/stories/pdf/2008_putzke%20fs%20herzberg%20essay%20on%20circumcision.pdf ''Criminal Relevance of Circumcising Boys. A Contribution to the Limitation of Consent in Cases of Care for the Person of the Child''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924031110/http://www.holmputzke.de/images/stories/pdf/2008_putzke%20fs%20herzberg%20essay%20on%20circumcision.pdf |date=24 September 2015 }}, translated by Katharina McLarren.</ref> published by [[Holm Putzke]], a German law professor at the University of Passau.<ref>[http://blogs.reuters.com/faithworld/tag/germany-circumcision-jewish-muslim-law-court-verdict-cologne-putzke-jurist/ German verdict aims to delay circumcision, not ban it, jurist says.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150222003812/http://blogs.reuters.com/faithworld/tag/germany-circumcision-jewish-muslim-law-court-verdict-cologne-putzke-jurist/ |date=22 February 2015 }} Retrieved 16 June 2014</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Circumcision and law &#124; Circinfo.org|url=http://www.circinfo.org/Circumcision_and_law.html|access-date=2022-08-01|website=www.circinfo.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Intactivist of the month: Holm Putzke |url=http://www.intactamerica.org/putzke |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140802000805/http://www.intactamerica.org/putzke |archive-date=2 August 2014 |access-date=17 June 2014}}</ref> The court arrived at its judgment by application of the human rights provisions of the Basic Law, a section of the Civil Code, and some sections of the Criminal Code to non-therapeutic circumcision of male children.{{Citation needed|date=September 2012}}  Some observers said it could set a legal precedent that criminalizes the practice.<ref name="telegraph" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=27 June 2012 |title=Circumcision: religious right or crime? |url=http://www.thelocal.de/opinion/20120626-43385.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120628004108/http://www.thelocal.de//opinion/20120626-43385.html |archive-date=28 June 2012 |access-date=27 June 2012 |website=[[The Local|TheLocal.de]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=27 June 2012 |title=Muslims, Jews denounce circumcision ruling |url=http://www.thelocal.de/society/20120627-43409.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120627115245/http://www.thelocal.de/society/20120627-43409.html |archive-date=27 June 2012 |access-date=27 June 2012 |website=[[The Local|TheLocal.de]]}}</ref><ref>Holm Putzke [http://blogs.reuters.com/faithworld/tag/germany-circumcision-jewish-muslim-law-court-verdict-cologne-putzke-jurist/ German verdict aims to delay circumcision, not ban it, jurist says.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150222003812/http://blogs.reuters.com/faithworld/tag/germany-circumcision-jewish-muslim-law-court-verdict-cologne-putzke-jurist/ |date=22 February 2015 }} Retrieved 16 June 2014</ref> Jewish and Muslim groups were outraged by the ruling, viewing it as trampling on freedom of religion.<ref name="bbc.co.uk" /><ref>{{Cite news|date=2012-07-13|title=German circumcision ban: Is it a parent's right to choose?|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-18793842|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Day |first=Matthew |date=27 June 2012 |title=Jewish and Muslim groups condemn German circumcision ruling |work=The Daily Telegraph |location=London |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/religion/9360203/Jewish-and-Muslim-groups-condemn-German-circumcision-ruling.html |url-status=live |access-date=2 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170503042520/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/religion/9360203/Jewish-and-Muslim-groups-condemn-German-circumcision-ruling.html |archive-date=3 May 2017}}</ref>

The German ambassador to Israel, [[Andreas Michaelis]], told Israeli lawmakers that Germany was working to resolve the issue and that it does not apply at a national level, but instead only to the local jurisdiction of the court in Cologne.<ref name="CBS">{{Cite news |date=9 July 2012 |title=Israeli parliament slams German circumcision ban |work=CBS News |agency=AP |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/israeli-parliament-slams-german-circumcision-ban/ |url-status=live |access-date=15 July 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120715073246/http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-202_162-57468680/israeli-parliament-slams-german-circumcision-ban/ |archive-date=15 July 2012}}</ref> The Council of the Coordination of Muslims in Germany condemned the ruling, stating that it is "a serious attack on religious freedom". Ali Kizilkaya, a spokesman of the council, stated that, "The ruling does not take everything into account, religious practice concerning circumcision of young Muslims and Jews has been carried out over the millennia on a global level."  The [[Roman Catholic]] [[archbishop]] of [[Aachen]], [[Heinrich Mussinghoff]], said that the ruling was "very surprising", and the contradiction between "basic rights on freedom of religion and the well-being of the child brought up by the judges is not convincing in this very case".  Hans Ulrich Anke, the head of the [[Protestant Church]] in Germany, said the ruling should be appealed since it did not "sufficiently" consider the religious significance of the rite.<ref name="EJP">{{Cite news |date=28 June 2012 |title=Key Muslim group in Germany slams circumcision ruling |work=European Jewish Press |agency=Agence France-Presse |url=http://www.ejpress.org/article/news/germany/59627 |access-date=15 July 2012 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130414233803/http://www.ejpress.org/article/news/germany/59627 |archive-date=14 April 2013}}</ref> A spokesman, Steffen Seibert, for [[Chancellor of Germany|German Chancellor]] [[Angela Merkel]] stated that Jewish and Muslim communities will be free to practice circumcision responsibly, and the government would find a way around the local ban in Cologne. The spokesman stated "For everyone in the government it is absolutely clear that we want to have Jewish and Muslim religious life in Germany. Circumcision carried out in a responsible manner must be possible in this country without punishment."<ref name="TimesofIsrael1">{{Cite news |last=Ahren |first=Raphael |date=13 July 2012 |title=German government looking for quick fix on circumcision ban |work=The Times of Israel |url=http://www.timesofisrael.com/german-government-looking-for-quick-fix-on-circumcision-ban/ |url-status=live |access-date=15 July 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120717041502/http://www.timesofisrael.com/german-government-looking-for-quick-fix-on-circumcision-ban/ |archive-date=17 July 2012}}</ref><ref name="Guardian">{{Cite news |date=13 July 2012 |title=Angela Merkel intervenes over court ban on circumcision of young boys |work=The Guardian |agency=Reuters |location=London |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/jul/13/angela-merkel-intervenes-ban-circumcision |url-status=live |access-date=15 July 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015214437/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/jul/13/angela-merkel-intervenes-ban-circumcision |archive-date=15 October 2015}}</ref>

In July 2012, a group of rabbis, imams, and others said that they view the ruling against circumcision "an affront on our basic religious and human rights".<ref name="HuffPoCirc">{{Cite news |last=Rising, David |date=12 July 2012 |title=Rabbis Urge German Jews To Continue Circumcisions |work=Huffington Post |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/07/12/rabbis-urge-german-jews-to-continue-circumcisions_n_1667916.html |url-status=live |access-date=17 July 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120720045937/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/07/12/rabbis-urge-german-jews-to-continue-circumcisions_n_1667916.html |archive-date=20 July 2012}}</ref> The joint statement was signed by leaders of groups including Germany's [[Turkish-Islamic Union for Religious Affairs]], the Islamic Center Brussels, the Rabbinical Centre of Europe, the European Jewish Parliament and the European Jewish Association, who met with members of [[European Parliament]] from Germany, Finland, Belgium, Italy, and Poland.  European rabbis, who urged Jews to continue circumcision, planned further talks with Muslim and Christian leaders to determine how they can oppose the ban together.<ref name="HurriyetCirc">{{Cite news |date=14 July 2012 |title=German court's move to ban circumcision unites religions |work=Hurriyet Daily News |agency=Anatolia News Agency |url=http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/german-courts-move-to-ban-circumcision-unites-religions.aspx?pageID=238&nID=25429&NewsCatID=351 |url-status=live |access-date=17 July 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120715055502/http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/german-courts-move-to-ban-circumcision-unites-religions.aspx?pageID=238&nID=25429&NewsCatID=351 |archive-date=15 July 2012}}</ref> The Jewish Hospital of Berlin suspended the practice of male circumcision.<ref>{{Cite news|last=AFP|date=2012-07-01|title=Jewish Hospital in Berlin suspends circumcisions|language=en|work=Ynetnews|url=https://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4249122,00.html|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref> On 19 July 2012, a joint resolution of the [[CDU/CSU]], [[SPD]] and [[Free Democratic Party (Germany)|FDP]] factions in the [[Bundestag]] requesting the executive branch to draft a law permitting circumcision of boys to be performed without unnecessary pain in accordance with best medical practice<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rechtliche Regelung der Beschneidung minderjähriger Jungen |url=http://dipbt.bundestag.de/dip21/btd/17/103/1710331.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120812205906/http://dipbt.bundestag.de/dip21/btd/17/103/1710331.pdf |archive-date=12 August 2012 |access-date=28 December 2012 |language=de}}</ref> carried with a broad majority.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Beschneidung minderjähriger Jungen |url=http://www.bundestag.de/dokumente/textarchiv/2012/39861243_kw29_angenommen_abgelehnt/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130105122725/http://www.bundestag.de/dokumente/textarchiv/2012/39861243_kw29_angenommen_abgelehnt/index.html |archive-date=5 January 2013 |access-date=28 December 2012 |language=de}}</ref>

''[[The New York Times]]'' reported that the [[German Medical Association]] "condemned the ruling for potentially putting children at risk by taking the procedure out of the hands of doctors, but it also warned surgeons note to perform circumcisions for religious reasons until legal clarity was established".<ref name="nytimes_germany">{{Cite news |last=Eddy, Melissa |date=13 July 2012 |title=In Germany, Ruling Over Circumcision Sows Anxiety and Confusion |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/07/14/world/europe/in-germany-ruling-over-circumcision-sows-anxiety-and-confusion.html?_r=1 |url-status=live |access-date=23 July 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120717161221/http://www.nytimes.com/2012/07/14/world/europe/in-germany-ruling-over-circumcision-sows-anxiety-and-confusion.html?_r=1 |archive-date=17 July 2012}}</ref> The ruling was supported by Deutsche Kinderhilfe, a German child rights organization, which asked for a two-year moratorium to discuss the issue and pointed out that religious circumcision may contravene the [[Convention on the Rights of the Child]] (Article 24.3: "States Parties shall take all effective and appropriate measures with a view to abolishing traditional practices prejudicial to the health of children.").<ref>{{Cite web |title=themenportal: Petitionsausschuss korrigiert Fehlentscheidung: Petition gegen vorschnelles Gesetz zur Legalisierung nicht-therapeutischer Beschneidungen seit gestern vom Bundestag zur Unterzeichnung freigeschaltet - Politik - Pressemitteilung |url=http://www.themenportal.de/politik/petitionsausschuss-korrigiert-fehlentscheidung-petition-gegen-vorschnelles-gesetz-zur-legalisierung-nicht-therapeutischer-beschneidungen-seit-gestern-vom-bundestag-zur-unterzeichnung-freigeschaltet-16702 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120917014105/http://www.themenportal.de/politik/petitionsausschuss-korrigiert-fehlentscheidung-petition-gegen-vorschnelles-gesetz-zur-legalisierung-nicht-therapeutischer-beschneidungen-seit-gestern-vom-bundestag-zur-unterzeichnung-freigeschaltet-16702 |archive-date=17 September 2012 |access-date=23 September 2012}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Anlässlich des Weltkindertages fordert die Deutsche Kinderhilfe ein klares Bekenntnis zu Kinderrechten statt Festtagsreden: keine nicht-medizinische Beschneidung für einwillig...<!-- Bot generated title --> |url=https://www.kinderhilfe.de/blog/artikel/anlaesslich-des-weltkindertages-fordert-die-deutsche-kinderhilfe-ein-klares-bekenntnis-zu-kinderrechten-statt-festtagsreden-keine-nicht-medizinische-beschneidung-fuer-einwilligungsunfaehige-kinder/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121004083247/https://www.kinderhilfe.de/blog/artikel/anlaesslich-des-weltkindertages-fordert-die-deutsche-kinderhilfe-ein-klares-bekenntnis-zu-kinderrechten-statt-festtagsreden-keine-nicht-medizinische-beschneidung-fuer-einwilligungsunfaehige-kinder/ |archive-date=4 October 2012 |access-date=23 September 2012}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Bundestagspetition zu Beschneidungen {{!}} Deutsche Kinderhilfe<!-- Bot generated title --> |url=https://www.kinderhilfe.de/blog/artikel/bundestagspetition-zu-beschneidungen) |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140110005748/https://www.kinderhilfe.de/blog/artikel/bundestagspetition-zu-beschneidungen) |archive-date=10 January 2014 |access-date=23 September 2012}}</ref>

The German Academy for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine (Deutsche Akademie für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin e.V., DAKJ),<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 July 2012 |title=Stellungnahme zur Beschneidung von minderjährigen Jungen |url=http://dakj.de/pages/posts/stellungnahme-zur-beschneidung-von-minderjaehrigen-jungen-123.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160316162734/http://dakj.de/pages/posts/stellungnahme-zur-beschneidung-von-minderjaehrigen-jungen-123.php |archive-date=16 March 2016 |access-date=2016-06-07 |publisher=Deutsche Akademie für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin e.V.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=July 2012 |title=Stellungnahme_Beschneidung_2607121 von 3Stellungnahme zur Beschneidung von minderjährigen Jungen Kommission für ethische Fragen der DAKJ |url=http://dakj.de/media/stellungnahmen/ethische-fragen/2012_Stellungnahme_Beschneidung.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203075723/http://dakj.de/media/stellungnahmen/ethische-fragen/2012_Stellungnahme_Beschneidung.pdf |archive-date=3 December 2013 |access-date=23 September 2012 |publisher=Deutsche Akademie für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin e.V.}}</ref> the German Association for Pediatric Surgery (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Kinderchirurgie, DGKCH)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Die DGKCH - Kinderchirurgie |url=https://www.dgkch.de/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210124100438/https://www.dgkch.de/ |archive-date=24 January 2021 |access-date=22 April 2021 |website=www.dgkch.de}}</ref> and the Professional Association of Pediatric and Adolescent Physicians (Berufsverband der Kinder- und Jugendärzte)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Startseite » Kinderaerzte-im-Netz |url=https://www.kinderaerzte-im-netz.de/startseite/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418150118/https://www.kinderaerzte-im-netz.de/startseite/ |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=22 April 2021 |website=www.kinderaerzte-im-netz.de}}</ref> took a firm stand against non-medical routine infant circumcision.

In July, in Berlin, a criminal complaint was lodged against Rabbi Yitshak Ehrenberg for "causing bodily harm" by performing religious circumcision, and for vocal support of the continuation of the practice. In September, the prosecutors dismissed the complaint, concluding that "there is no proof to establish that the rabbi's conduct met the 'condition of a criminal' violation".<ref name="JPost_Ehrenberg">{{Cite news |last=Weinthal, Benjamin |date=30 August 2012 |title=Berlin prosecutor nixes circumcision complaint |work=The Jerusalem Post |url=http://www.jpost.com/JewishWorld/JewishNews/Article.aspx?id=283252 |url-status=live |access-date=6 September 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120905114853/http://www.jpost.com/JewishWorld/JewishNews/Article.aspx?id=283252 |archive-date=5 September 2012}}</ref>

In September, Reuters reported "Berlin's senate said doctors could legally circumcise infant boys for religious reasons in its region, given certain conditions."<ref name="Reuters_Berlin_2012">{{Cite news |date=9 May 2012 |title=Berlin reverses ban on religious circumcisions |work=MSNBC |agency=Reuters |url=http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/48914968/ns/world_news-europe/ |access-date=6 September 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120911010141/http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/48914968/ns/world_news-europe |archive-date=11 September 2012}}</ref>

On 12 December 2012, following a series of hearings and consultations, the Bundestag adopted the proposed law explicitly permitting non-therapeutic circumcision to be performed under certain conditions; it is now §1631(d) in the [[Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch|German Civil Code]]. The vote tally was 434 ayes, 100 noes, and 46 abstentions.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Beschneidung von Jungen jetzt gesetzlich geregelt |url=http://www.bundestag.de/dokumente/textarchiv/2012/42042381_kw50_de_beschneidung/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121214222052/http://www.bundestag.de/dokumente/textarchiv/2012/42042381_kw50_de_beschneidung/index.html |archive-date=14 December 2012 |access-date=28 December 2012 |language=de}}</ref> Following approval by the [[Bundesrat of Germany|Bundesrat]] and signing by the [[President of Germany|Bundespräsident]], the new law became effective on 28 December 2012 a day after its publication in the [[Bundesgesetzblatt (Germany)|Federal Gazette]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gesetz über den Umfang der Personensorge bei einer Beschneidung des männlichen Kindes |url=http://www.bgbl.de/Xaver/media.xav?SID=anonymous3567343041308&bk=Bundesanzeiger_BGBl&name=bgbl/Bundesgesetzblatt%20Teil%20I/2012/Nr.%2061%20vom%2027.12.2012/bgbl112s2749.pdf |language=de }}{{Dead link|date=February 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>