Editing Tsinghua University (section)

===Department of Precision Instrument===
The Department of Precision Instrument was called the Department of Precision Instrument and Machine Manufacturing in 1960 when it was separated out from the Department of Machine Manufacturing to be an independent department. Later, in 1971, it was renamed the Department of Precision Instrument.<ref name=":02">{{Cite web|url=http://www.tsinghua.edu.cn/publish/dpien/7815/index.html|title=Department of Precision Instrument: Introduction|access-date=6 November 2017|archive-date=1 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201065804/http://www.tsinghua.edu.cn/publish/dpien/7815/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The mission of the Department of Precision Instrument at Tsinghua University, as its dean said, is "supporting the national development and improving the people's well-being."<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tsinghua.edu.cn/publish/dpien/7814/index.html|title=Department of Precision Instrument: Dean's Message|access-date=27 November 2017|archive-date=18 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171118123852/http://www.tsinghua.edu.cn/publish/dpien/7814/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
[[File:THU path.jpg|thumb|A footpath in the university]]

====Research====
Research in the Department of Precision Instrument is divided to four main parts, led by its four research institutes: the Institute of Opto-electronic Engineering, the Institute of Instrument Science and Technology, the Engineering Research Center for Navigation Technology, and the Center for Photonics and Electronics.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tsinghua.edu.cn/publish/dpien/7818/index.html|title=Department of Precision Instrument: Research Institute|access-date=6 November 2017|archive-date=18 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171118123903/http://www.tsinghua.edu.cn/publish/dpien/7818/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref> At the same time, the Department of Precision Instrument has three key laboratories: the State Key Laboratory of Tribology, the State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, and the Key Laboratory of High-accuracy Inertial Instrument and System. It also has two national engineering research centers, which are the National Engineering Research Center of Optical Disk and the CIMS National Engineering Research Center.<ref name=":02" />

'''The Institute of Opto-electronic Engineering'''<br />
The Institute of Opto-electronic Engineering (IOEE) was established in 1958. It obtained the Chinese government's authorization to offer PhD program in 1981 and the approval to build the post-doctoral research site in 1988. The research of the IOEE covers opto-electronic instruments, precision metrology and measurement, modern optical information processing, the theory and components of binary optics, and the birefringent frequency-splitting lasers. Several famous scientists work in the IOEE, including Professor Guofan Jin, an [[academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering]], and Professor Kegong Zhao, formerly the president of the Chinese National Institute of Metrology.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tsinghua.edu.cn/publish/dpien/7818/2012/20120903151100415943495/20120903151100415943495_.html|title=Institute of Opto-electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University|access-date=27 November 2017|archive-date=29 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160629090541/http://www.tsinghua.edu.cn/publish/dpien/7818/2012/20120903151100415943495/20120903151100415943495_.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tsinghua.edu.cn/dpien/info/1091/1053.htm|title=Institute of Opto-electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University|date=3 September 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210724123445/https://www.tsinghua.edu.cn/dpien/info/1091/1053.htm|archive-date=24 July 2021|url-status=live}}</ref>

'''The Institute of Instrument Science and Technology'''<br />
The Institute of Instrument Science and Technology is the most important institute in the State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instrument Science at Tsinghua University. The institute is equipped with advanced instruments and facilities, and its research has included every major area in modern instrument science and technology. Up to 2012, the institute have produced over 1500 publications, more than 100 patents, and acquired many significant awards.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tsinghua.edu.cn/publish/dpien/7818/2012/20120904105909425106860/20120904105909425106860_.html|title=The Institute of Instrument Science and Technonoly|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160529080836/http://www.tsinghua.edu.cn/publish/dpien/7818/2012/20120904105909425106860/20120904105909425106860_.html|archive-date=29 May 2016}}</ref>

'''The Engineering Research Center for Navigation Technology'''<br />
The Engineering Research Center for Navigation Technology is a relatively young institute in the Department of Precision Instrument which was established in 2000, with the intention to "[pursue] excellence in the research and development in the field of high-accuracy inertial instruments and navigation technology, as well as in MEMS inertial sensor fields, and to provide advanced training for future scientists and engineers in the field of inertial technology." Its research interests cover high-accuracy inertial instruments and navigation technology, [[MEMS for in situ mechanical characterization|MEMS]] inertial sensors and systems, and precise electro-mechanical control systems and their application. As of 2012, the area of the center is 2900 square meters, including approximately 550 square meters of clean rooms. Equipment and instruments in this center are worth over 50 million RMB (US$7.56 million).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tsinghua.edu.cn/publish/dpien/7818/2012/20120904142718713895378/20120904142718713895378_.html|title=Engineering Research Center for Navigation Technology|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160529081108/http://www.tsinghua.edu.cn/publish/dpien/7818/2012/20120904142718713895378/20120904142718713895378_.html|archive-date=29 May 2016}}</ref>{{failed verification|date=October 2020}}

'''The Center for Photonics and Electronics'''<br />
The center for [[Photonics]] and [[Electronics]] works on advanced laser and photonic technology. It houses 200 square meters of clean rooms and very modern laser instruments and equipment. The research of this Center covers solid-state laser technology, [[fiber laser]] technology, active optics technology, and laser detection technology. The center has published more than published more than 100 scientific papers including 40 indexed by SCI, has 18 national patents, and also frequently exchange visits and academic conferences with foreign scholars.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tsinghua.edu.cn/publish/dpien/7818/2012/20120904143445471134822/20120904143445471134822_.html|title=Center for Photonics and Electronics|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160529081112/http://www.tsinghua.edu.cn/publish/dpien/7818/2012/20120904143445471134822/20120904143445471134822_.html|access-date=27 November 2017|archive-date=29 May 2016}}</ref>

The SKLT has one central laboratory and four sub-laboratories. It has been awarded numerous awards, including "two National Natural Science Awards, two National Invention Awards, one National Award for Science and Technology Progress, two National Excellent Science Book Awards, 25 awards from ministries or provinces of China, Edmond E. Bisson Award in 2003 from STLE, the 2008 PE Publishing Prize by the Editor and Editorial Board of the Journal of Engineering Tribology." Moreover, China's Ministry of Education recognized the SKLT as one of the creative groups in 2005, and the National Natural Science Foundation of China recognized the SKLT as one of the creative research groups in 2007.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tsinghua.edu.cn/dpien/info/1092/1040.htm|title=State Key Laboratory of Tribology|quote=SKLT is awarded as the creative group by Ministry of Education in 2005, and the creative research group by National Natural Science Foundation of China in 2007.|date=3 September 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210724121800/https://www.tsinghua.edu.cn/dpien/info/1092/1040.htm|archive-date=24 July 2021|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tsinghua.edu.cn/publish/dpien/7819/2012/20120903141457094331781/20120903141457094331781_.html|title=State Key Laboratory of Tribology|access-date=28 November 2017|archive-date=26 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171226015135/http://www.tsinghua.edu.cn/publish/dpien/7819/2012/20120903141457094331781/20120903141457094331781_.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The TRibology Science Fund of the Key Laboratory of Tribology cooperates with National Natural Science Foundation of China in founding research projects in various applied sciences and technologies.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VzWSJmvGdR8C&pg=PA502|title=Advanced Tribology: Proceedings of CIST2008 & ITS-IFToMM2008|page=502|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|date=16 July 2010|isbn=9783642036538|oclc=1227270267|access-date=27 July 2021|archive-date=30 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220730021201/https://books.google.com/books?id=VzWSJmvGdR8C&pg=PA502|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|first1=Steven Y|last1=Liang|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TQvyCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA847|title=Energy And Mechanical Engineering – Proceedings Of 2015 International|publisher=World Scientific|page=847|date=3 March 2016|isbn=9789814749510|access-date=27 July 2021|archive-date=30 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220730021204/https://books.google.com/books?id=TQvyCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA847|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|first1=Ali|last1=Erdemir|first2=Jean-Michel|last2=Martin|first3=Jianbin|last3=Luo|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N6LhDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA354|title=Superlubricity|page=354|publisher=Elsevier|date=22 September 2020|isbn=9780444643148|oclc=1198218291|access-date=27 July 2021|archive-date=8 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220808200206/https://books.google.com/books?id=N6LhDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA354|url-status=live}}</ref>

====Education====
Currently, there are two disciplines in the Department of Precision Instrument: the discipline of the instrumental science and technology of precision instrument and mechanology and the discipline of optical engineering.<ref name=":02" /><ref>{{cite journal|author1=Boqian Sun|author2=Shunyue Wang|author3=Haixia Li|author4=Xiaoxia He|title=Decoupling Control of Micromachined Spinning-Rotor Gyroscope with Electrostatic Suspension|journal=Sensors|date=20 October 2016|volume=16|issue=10|page=1747|doi=10.3390/s16101747|pmid=27775624|pmc=5087532|bibcode=2016Senso..16.1747S|doi-access=free}}</ref>

There are six teaching laboratories or centers which serve significant roles in undergraduate and graduate education in the Department of Precision Instrument. They are:
# The Teaching Lab of Manufacturing Engineering
# The CAD Teaching Centre
# The Engineering Graphics Teaching Laboratory
# The Creative Machine Design Teaching Laboratory
# The Experimentation Teaching Center for Measurement and Control Technology
# The Teaching Laboratory of Optics and Length Measurement<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tsinghua.edu.cn/publish/dpien/7868/index.html|title=Department of Precision Instrument: teaching laboratories|access-date=6 November 2017|archive-date=30 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170730203535/http://www.tsinghua.edu.cn/publish/dpien/7868/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=科研机构-清华大学|url=https://www.tsinghua.edu.cn/kxyj/kyjg.htm|access-date=6 April 2023|website=Tsinghua University|archive-date=4 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230604142423/https://www.tsinghua.edu.cn/kxyj/kyjg.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>
The department provides more than 40 courses of the undergraduate level and 25 courses of the graduate level.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tsinghua.edu.cn/publish/dpien/6911/index.html|title=Department of Precision Instrument: Education: Introduction|access-date=6 November 2017|archive-date=22 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171022234851/http://www.tsinghua.edu.cn/publish/dpien/6911/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref>