Editing Tashkent (section)

===Soviet period===
[[File:Tashkent the building of town council 02.jpg|thumb|Tashkent, 1917]]
[[File:Tashkent. Courage monument. USSR stamp. 1979.jpg|thumb|The Courage Monument (Jasorat) in Tashkent on a 1979 Soviet stamp. In the background: the Friendship of the Peoples Museum building (since 1996—[[Museum of Olympic Glory]])]]
The city began to industrialize in the 1920s and 1930s.

Violating the [[Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact]], Nazi Germany invaded the Soviet Union in June 1941. The government worked to relocate factories from western Russia and Ukraine to Tashkent to preserve the Soviet industrial capacity. This led to great increase in industry during World War II.

It also evacuated most of the German communist emigres to Tashkent.<ref name="shirer">{{Cite journal |last=Shirer |first=Robert |date=2000-09-07 |title=Johannes R. Becher 1891–1958 |url=https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/modlanggerman/3/ |journal=German Language and Literature Papers |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160907164118/http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/modlanggerman/3/ |archive-date=7 September 2016}}</ref> The Russian population increased dramatically; evacuees from the war zones increased the total population of Tashkent to well over a million. Russians and [[Ukrainians]] eventually comprised more than half of the total residents of Tashkent.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Allworth |first=Edward |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X2XpddVB0l0C&pg=PA102 |title=Central Asia, 130 Years of Russian Dominance: A Historical Overview |date=1994 |publisher=Duke University Press |isbn=978-0-8223-1521-6 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221130081451/https://books.google.com/books?id=X2XpddVB0l0C&pg=PA102&dq&hl=en |archive-date=30 November 2022}}</ref> Many of the former refugees stayed in Tashkent to live after the war, rather than return to former homes.

During the postwar period, the [[Soviet Union]] established numerous scientific and engineering facilities in Tashkent.

On 10 January 1966, then [[Prime Minister of India|Indian Prime Minister]] [[Lal Bahadur Shastri]] and [[President of Pakistan|Pakistan President]] [[Ayub Khan (general)|Ayub Khan]] signed a [[Tashkent Declaration|pact in Tashkent]] with [[Premier of the Soviet Union|Soviet Premier]] [[Alexei Kosygin]] as the mediator to resolve the terms of peace after the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965]]. On the next day, Shastri died suddenly, reportedly due to a heart attack. It is widely speculated that Shastri was killed by poisoning the water he drank.{{citation needed|date=May 2019}}

Much of Tashkent's old city was destroyed by a powerful [[1966 Tashkent earthquake|earthquake on 26 April 1966]]. More than 300,000 residents were left homeless, and some 78,000 [[Earthquake engineering|poorly engineered]] homes were destroyed,<ref name="tga">{{cite book |last=Sadikov |first=A C |author2=Akramob Z. M. |author3=Bazarbaev, A. |author4=Mirzlaev T.M. |author5=Adilov S. R. |author6=Baimukhamedov X. N. |display-authors=etal |title=Geographical Atlas of Tashkent (Ташкент Географический Атлас) |year=1984 |edition=2 |location=Moscow |language=ru |pages=60, 64}}</ref> mainly in the densely populated areas of the old city where traditional [[adobe]] housing predominated.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://iisee.kenken.go.jp/net/hara/uzbekistan/DamageForBuildings.htm |title=Damage for buildings of different type |access-date=7 November 2008 |author=Nurtaev Bakhtiar |year=1998 |publisher=Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan}}</ref> The Soviet republics, and some other countries, such as Finland, sent "battalions of fraternal peoples" and urban planners to help rebuild devastated Tashkent.

Tashkent was rebuilt as a model Soviet city with wide streets planted with shade trees, parks, immense plazas for parades, fountains, monuments, and acres of apartment blocks. The [[Tashkent Metro]] was also built during this time. About 100,000 new homes were built by 1970,<ref name="tga" /> but the builders occupied many, rather than the homeless residents of Tashkent.{{citation needed|date=July 2021}} Further development in the following years increased the size of the city with major new developments in the Chilonzor area, north-east and south-east of the city.<ref name="tga" />

At the time of the collapse of the [[Soviet Union]] in 1991, Tashkent was the fourth-largest city in the USSR and a center of learning in the fields of science and engineering. Due to the [[1966 Tashkent earthquake|1966 earthquake]] and the Soviet redevelopment, little architectural heritage has survived of Tashkent's ancient history. Few structures mark its significance as a trading point on the historic [[Silk Road]]. Such countries of the Soviet Union as [[Azerbaijan]] and [[Armenia]], [[Kazakhstan]] and [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]], [[Belarus]] and [[Kyrgyzstan]], [[Turkmenistan]] and [[Tajikistan]], [[Latvia]], [[Moldova]], [[Estonia]] helped restore the city after the earthquake and erected many modern buildings.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Сидорчик |first=Андрей |date=2021-04-26 |title=Сила миллионов сердец. Как советские люди возродили разрушенный Ташкент |trans-title=The Power of Millions of Hearts: How Soviet People Rebuilt the Destroyed Tashkent |url=https://aif.ru/society/history/sila_millionov_serdec_kak_sovetskie_lyudi_vozrodili_razrushennyy_tashkent |access-date=2024-03-12 |website=AiF |language=ru}}</ref>