Editing Pineapple (section)

== Varieties ==
=== Cultivars ===
Many [[cultivar]]s are known.<ref name="Morton 1987" /> The leaves of the commonly grown "Smooth Cayenne" cultivar and its various clones are smooth,<ref>{{Cite journal |first=SL |last=Kochhar |title=Economic Botany in the Tropics |journal=Nature |volume=144 |issue=3647 |year=2006 |isbn=978-0-333-93118-9 |page=203 |bibcode=1939Natur.144..563. |doi=10.1038/144563a0 |s2cid=4134696|doi-access=free }}</ref> and it is the most commonly grown worldwide. Many cultivars have become distributed from its origins in [[Paraguay]] and the southern part of [[Brazil]], and later improved stocks were introduced into the Americas, the Azores, Africa, India, Malaysia and Australia.<ref name="Morton 1987" /> Varieties include:{{citation needed|date=August 2015}}
* "Hilo" is a compact, 1.0- to 1.5-kg (2– to 3-lb) Hawaiian variant of smooth cayenne; the fruit is more cylindrical and produces many suckers, but no slips.
* "Kona sugarloaf", at 2.5 to 3.0&nbsp;kg (5–6&nbsp;lb), has white flesh with no woodiness in the center, is cylindrical in shape, and has a high sugar content but no acid; it has an unusually sweet fruit.
* "Natal queen", at 1.0 to 1.5&nbsp;kg (2 to 3&nbsp;lb), has golden yellow flesh, crisp texture, and delicate mild flavor; well-adapted to fresh consumption, it keeps well after ripening. It has spiny leaves and is grown in Australia, Malaysia, and South Africa.
* "Pernambuco" ("eleuthera") weighs 1–2&nbsp;kg (2–4&nbsp;lb), and has pale yellow to white flesh. It is sweet, melting in texture, and excellent for eating fresh; it is poorly adapted for shipping, has spiny leaves, and is grown in Latin America.
* "Red Spanish", at 1–2&nbsp;kg (2–4&nbsp;lb), has pale yellow flesh with a pleasant aroma, is squarish in shape, and well-adapted for shipping as fresh fruit to distant markets; it has spiny leaves and is grown in Latin America and the Philippines. It was the original pineapple cultivar in the Philippines grown for their leaf fibers (''[[piña]]'') in the traditional Philippine textile industry.<ref name="pfmf" /><ref name="go" />
* "Smooth cayenne", a 2.5- to 3.0-kg (5- to 6-lb), pale yellow– to yellow-fleshed, cylindrical fruit with high sugar and acid content, is well-adapted to canning and processing; its leaves are without spines. It is an ancient cultivar developed by [[Amerind peoples]].<ref name= Bartholomew /> In some parts of Asia, this cultivar is known as [[Sarawak]], after an area of Malaysia in which it is grown.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.itfnet.org/v1/2016/05/pineapple-common-varieties/ |title=Pineapple – Common Varieties |work=[[International Tropical Fruits Network]] |date=10 May 2016 |access-date=4 April 2025}}</ref> It is one of the ancestors of cultivars "73-50" (also called "MD-1" and "CO-2") and "73–114" (also called "MD-2").<ref name= Bartholomew>{{cite journal |url=http://www.ishs-horticulture.org/workinggroups/pineapple/PineNews16.pdf |title='MD-2' Pineapple Transforms the World's Pineapple Fresh Fruit Export Industry |author=Duane P. Bartholomew |volume=16 |pages=2–5 |access-date=3 September 2014 |year=2009 |journal=Pineapple News}}</ref> Smooth cayenne was previously the variety produced in Hawaii, and the most easily obtainable in U.S. grocery stores, but was replaced over the course of the mid-1990s and 2000s by MD-2.<ref name= Bartholomew /> The success of Del Monte's MD-2 caused Dole to [[Industrial espionage|obtain & grow]] its own MD-2 pineapples, leading to [[Del Monte Fresh Produce Co. v. Dole Food Co.]].
* Some ''Ananas'' species are grown as [[ornamental plant|ornamentals]] for color, novel fruit size, and other [[aesthetic]] qualities.

In the US, in 1986, the Pineapple Research Institute was dissolved and its assets divided between Del Monte and [[Maui Land and Pineapple]]. Del Monte took cultivar '73–114', dubbed 'MD-2', to its plantations in Costa Rica, found it to be well-suited to growing there, and launched it publicly in 1996 as 'Gold Extra Sweet', while Del Monte also began marketing '73–50', dubbed 'CO-2', as 'Del Monte Gold'.<ref name="Bartholomew" /> The Maui Pineapple Company began growing variety 73-50 in 1988 and named it Maui Gold.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Why does Maui Gold pineapple taste so good? |url=https://maui.gold/pages/why-does-maui-gold%C2%AE-pineapple-taste-so-good |archive-date=21 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220521162007/https://maui.gold/pages/why-does-maui-gold%C2%AE-pineapple-taste-so-good |url-status=dead}}</ref> The successor company to MPC, the Hali'imaile Pineapple Company continues to grow Maui Gold on the slopes of [[Haleakalā|Haleakala]].

<gallery>
File:Azores-Day4-16 (33766683744).jpg|Pineapples in a greenhouse
File:Dolejf2103.JPG|Tropical Gold
File:Ananas comosus Victoria P1190459.jpg|Victoria
File:A pineapple seller.jpg
</gallery>

{| class="wikitable" style="float:right; clear:right; width:14em; text-align:center; margin-right:1em;"
|+ Pineapple production – 2022<ref name="faostat">{{cite web|url=http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC|title= Pineapple production in 2022, Crops/Regions/World list/Production Quantity/Year (pick lists)|date=2024|publisher=UN Food and Agriculture Organization, Corporate Statistical Database ([[FAOSTAT]])|access-date=15 March 2024}}</ref>
|-
!  style="background:#ddf; | Country
!  style="background:#ddf; | Millions of [[tonne]]s
|-
| {{IDN}} || 3.2
|-
| {{PHI}} || 2.9
|-
| {{CRI}} || 2.9
|-
| {{BRA}} || 2.3
|-
| {{CHN}} || 2.0
|-
| {{THA}} || 1.7
|-
| '''World''' || '''29.4'''
|}