Editing Swiss German (section)

==== Overview ====
In Swiss German, a small number of verbs reduplicate in a reduced infinitival form, i.e. unstressed shorter form, when used in their [[Finite verb|finite form]] governing the [[infinitive]] of another verb. The reduced and reduplicated part of the verb in question is normally put in front of the infinitive of the second verb.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Glaser|first1=Elvira|last2=Frey|first2=Natascha|date=2011|title=Empirische Studien zur Verbverdoppelung in schweizerdeutschen Dialekten|url=http://www.linguistik-online.com/45_11/editorial.pdf|journal=Linguistik Online|volume=45|issue=1|pages=3–7|doi=10.5167/uzh-52463|s2cid=189169085 |issn=1615-3014}}</ref> This is the case for the motion verbs {{Lang|gsw|gaa}} 'to go' and {{Lang|gsw|choo}} 'to come' when used in the meaning of 'go (to) do something', 'come (to) do something', as well as the verbs {{Lang|gsw|laa}} 'to let' and in certain dialects {{Lang|gsw|afaa}} 'to start, to begin' when used in the meaning of 'let do something', or 'start doing something'.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Brandner|first1=Ellen|last2=Salzmann|first2=Martin|date=2012|editor-last=Ackema|editor-first=Peter|editor2-last=Alcorn|editor2-first=Rhona|editor3-last=Heycock|editor3-first=Caroline|editor4-last=Jaspers|editor4-first=Dany|editor5-last=van Craenenbroeck|editor5-first=Jeroen|editor6-last=Vanden Wyngaerd|editor6-first=Guido|title=Crossing the lake: Motion verb constructions in Bodensee-Alemannic and Swiss German|url=https://benjamins.com/catalog/la.191.03bra|journal=Linguistik Aktuell/Linguistics Today|publisher=John Benjamins Publishing Company|volume=191|pages=67–98|doi=10.1075/la.191.03bra|access-date=26 November 2021|archive-date=26 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211126030234/https://benjamins.com/catalog/la.191.03bra|url-status=live}}</ref> Most affected by this phenomenon is the verb {{Lang|gsw|gaa}}, followed by ''{{Lang|gsw|choo}}''. Both ''{{Lang|gsw|laa}}'' and ''{{Lang|gsw|afaa}}'' are less affected and only when used in [[present tense]] [[Independent clause|declarative main clauses]].<ref>{{Citation|last=Lötscher|first=Andreas|title=Zur Genese der Verbverdopplung bei gaa, choo, laa, aafaa ("gehen", "kommen", "lassen", "anfangen") im Schweizerdeutschen|date=1993|url=https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-97032-9_9|work=Dialektsyntax|pages=180–200|editor-last=Abraham|editor-first=Werner|series=Linguistische Berichte Sonderheft|place=Wiesbaden|publisher=VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften|language=de|doi=10.1007/978-3-322-97032-9_9|isbn=978-3-322-97032-9|access-date=2021-11-26|editor2-last=Bayer|editor2-first=Josef|archive-date=29 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240129223337/https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-322-97032-9_9|url-status=live}}</ref>

Declarative sentence examples: 
{| class="wikitable"
|'''Swiss German'''
|{{Lang|gsw|Ich}} 
|{{Lang|gsw|gang}}
|{{Lang|gsw|jetzt}}
|{{Lang|gsw|go}} 
|{{Lang|gsw|ässe}}
|-
|'''Gloss'''
|I
|go-1<sub>SG</sub>
|now
|go
|eat-INF
|-
|'''Standard German'''
|{{Lang|de|Ich}}
|{{Lang|de|gehe}}
|{{Lang|de|jetzt}}
|Ø
|{{Lang|de|essen}}
|-
|'''English'''
| colspan="5" |I'm going to eat now.  / I'll go eat now.
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|'''Swiss German'''
|{{Lang|gsw|Er}}
|{{Lang|gsw|chunnt}}
|{{Lang|gsw|jetzt}}
|{{Lang|gsw|cho}}
|{{Lang|gsw|ässe}}
|-
|'''Gloss'''
|He
|comes
|now
|come
|eat-INF
|-
|'''Standard German'''
|{{Lang|de|Er}}
|{{Lang|de|kommt}}
|{{Lang|de|jetzt}}
|Ø
|{{Lang|de|essen}}
|-
|'''English'''
| colspan="5" |He's coming to eat now. 
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|'''Swiss German'''
|{{Lang|gsw|Du}}
|{{Lang|gsw|lahsch}}
|{{Lang|gsw|mi}}
|{{Lang|gsw|la}}
|{{Lang|gsw|ässe}}
|-
|'''Gloss'''
|You
|let-2<sub>SG</sub>
|me-ACC
|let
|eat-INF
|-
|'''Standard German'''
|{{Lang|de|Du}}
|{{Lang|de|lässt}}
|{{Lang|de|mich}}
|Ø
|{{Lang|de|essen}}
|-
|'''English'''
| colspan="5" |You're letting me eat. / You let me eat. 
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|'''Swiss German'''
|{{Lang|gsw|Mier}}
|{{Lang|gsw|fanged}}
|{{Lang|gsw|jetzt}}
|{{Lang|gsw|a}}
|{{Lang|gsw|fa}}
|{{Lang|gsw|ässe}}
|-
|'''Gloss'''
|We
|start-1<sub>PL</sub>
|now
|start-PREF
|start
|eat-INF
|-
|'''Standard German'''
|{{Lang|de|Wir}}
|{{Lang|de|fangen}}
|{{Lang|de|jetzt}}
|{{Lang|de|an}}
|{{Lang|de|zu}}
|{{Lang|de|essen}}
|-
|'''English'''
| colspan="6" |We're starting to eat now. / We start eating now. 
|}
As the examples show, all verbs are reduplicated with a reduced infinitival form when used in a declarative main clause. This is especially interesting as it stands in contrast to the standard variety of German and other varieties of the same, where such doubling effects are not found as outlined in the examples.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Brandner|first1=Ellen|url=https://kops.uni-konstanz.de/handle/123456789/17335|title=Die Bewegungverbkonstruktion im Alemannischen : Wie Unterschiede in der Kategorie einer Partikel zu syntaktischer Variation führen|last2=Salzmann|first2=Martin|year=2011|isbn=978-3-515-09900-4|editor-last=Glaser|editor-first=Elvira|pages=47–76|publisher=Franz Steiner Verlag |language=German|editor-last2=Schmidt|editor-first2=Jürgen E.|editor-last3=Frey|editor-first3=Natascha|access-date=26 November 2021|archive-date=29 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240129223346/https://kops.uni-konstanz.de/member_indicator.png|url-status=live}}</ref>