Editing Romance languages (section)

== Samples ==
{{Unreferenced section|date=March 2022}}
Lexical and grammatical similarities among the Romance languages, and between Latin and each of them, are apparent from the following examples in various Romance [[variety (linguistics)|lects]], all meaning 'She always closes the window before she dines/before dining'.
:{| cellspacing="3px"

| [[Latin]] || {{lang|la|(Ea) semper antequam cenat fenestram claudit.}}
|-
| [[Bari dialect|Apulian]] || <!-- code for Neapolitan -->{{lang|nap|(Ièdde) achiùde sèmbe la fenèstre prime de mangè.}}
|-
| [[Aragonese language|Aragonese]] || {{lang|an|(Ella) zarra siempre a finestra antes de cenar.}}
|-
| [[Aromanian language|Aromanian]] || {{lang|rup|(Ea/Nâsa) ãncljidi/nkidi totna firida/fireastra ninti di tsinã.}}
|-
| [[Asturian language|Asturian]] || {{lang|ast|(Ella) pieslla/ciarra siempres la ventana enantes de cenar.}}
|-
| [[Cantabrian dialect|Cantabrian]] || <!-- code for Asturian -->{{lang|ast|(Ella) tranca siempri la ventana enantis de cenar.}}
|-
| [[Catalan language|Catalan]] || {{lang|ca|(Ella) sempre/tostemps tanca la finestra abans de sopar.}}
|-
| [[Corsican language#Northern Corsican|Northern Corsican]] || {{lang|co|Ella chjode/chjude sempre lu/u purtellu avanti/nanzu di cenà}}.
|-
| [[Corsican language#Southern Corsican|Southern Corsican]] || {{lang|co|Edda/Idda sarra/serra sempri u purteddu nanzu/prima di cinà}}.
|-
| [[Dalmatian language|Dalmatian]] || Jala insiara sianpro el balkáun anínč de kenúr.
|-
| [[Eastern Lombard]] || (Le) la sàra sèmper la fenèstra prìma de diznà.
|-
| [[Emilian dialect|Emilian]] ([[Reggiano dialect|Reggiano]]) || {{lang|egl|(Lē) la sèra sèmpar sù la fnèstra prima ad snàr.}}
|-
| [[Emilian language|Emilian]] ([[Bolognese dialect|Bolognese]]) || <!-- code for Emiliano -->{{lang|egl|(Lî) la sèra sänper la fnèstra prémma ed dṡnèr.}}
|-
| [[Emilian language|Emilian]] ([[:it:Dialetto piacentino#cite note-Template ISO 639-1|Placentine]]) || Ad sira lé la sèra seimpar la finéstra prima da seina.
|-
| [[Extremaduran language|Extremaduran]] || {{lang|ext|(Ella) afecha siempri la ventana antis de cenal.}}
|-
| [[Franco-Provençal language|Franco-Provençal]] || {{lang|frp|(Le) sarre toltin/tojor la fenétra avan de goutâ/dinar/sopar.}}
|-
| [[French language|French]] || {{lang|fr|Elle ferme toujours la fenêtre avant de dîner/souper.}}
|-
| [[Friulian language|Friulian]] || {{lang|fur|(Jê) e siere simpri il barcon prin di cenâ.}}
|-
| [[Galician language|Galician]] || {{lang|gl|(Ela) pecha/fecha sempre a fiestra/xanela antes de cear.}}
|-
| [[Gallurese dialect|Gallurese]] || {{lang|sdn|Idda chjude sempri lu balconi primma di cinà.}}
|-
| [[Italian language|Italian]] || {{lang|it|(Ella/lei) chiude sempre la finestra prima di cenare.}}
|-
| [[Judaeo-Spanish]] || {{lang|lad-Hebr|{{script|Hebr|{{Nastaliq|אֵילייה סֵירּה שֵׂימפּרֵי לה װֵינטאנה אנטֵיז דֵי סֵינאר.}}}}}}<br />{{lang|lad-Latn|Ella cerra sempre la ventana antes de cenar.}}
|-
| [[Ladin language|Ladin]] || Badiot: {{lang|lld|Ëra stlüj dagnora la finestra impröma de cenè.}}<br />Centro Cadore: {{lang|lld|La sera sempre la fenestra gnante de disna.}}<br />Auronzo di Cadore: {{lang|lld|La sera sempro la fenestra davoi de disnà.}}<br />Gherdëina: {{lang|lld|Ëila stluj for l viere dan maië da cëina.}}
|-
| [[Leonese dialect|Leonese]] || <!-- code for Asturian -->{{lang|ast|(Eilla) pecha/zarra siempre la ventana enantias de cenare.}}
|-
| [[Ligurian (Romance language)|Ligurian]] || {{lang|lij|(Le) a saera sempre u barcun primma de cenà.}}
|-
| [[Eastern Lombard dialect|Lombard (east.)<br />(Bergamasque)]] || {{lang|lmo|(Lé) la sèra sèmper sö la finèstra prima de senà.}}
|-
| [[Western Lombard dialect|Lombard (west.)]] || {{lang|lmo|(Lee) la sara sù semper la finestra primma de disnà/scenà.}}
|-
| [[Magoua dialect|Magoua]] || <!-- code for French -->{{lang|fr|(Elle) à fàrm toujour là fnèt àvan k'à manj.}}
|-
| [[Mirandese language|Mirandese]] || {{lang|mwl|(Eilha) cerra siempre la bentana/jinela atrás de cenar.}}
|-
| [[Neapolitan language|Neapolitan]] || {{lang|nap|Essa 'nzerra sempe 'a fenesta primma d'a cena / 'e magnà.}}
|-
| [[Norman language|Norman]] || {{lang|nrf|Lli barre tréjous la crouésie devaunt de daîner.}}
|-
| [[Occitan language|Occitan]] || {{lang|oc|(Ela) barra/tanca sempre/totjorn la fenèstra abans de sopar.}}
|-
| [[Picard language|Picard]] || {{lang|pcd|Ale frunme toudi ch'croésèe édvint éd souper.}}
|-
| [[Piedmontese language|Piedmontese]] || {{lang|pms|Chila a sara sèmper la fnestra dnans ëd fé sin-a/dnans ëd siné.}}
|-
| [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] || {{lang|pt|(Ela) fecha sempre a janela antes de jantar.}}
|-
| [[Romagnol dialect|Romagnol]] || {{lang|rgn|(Lia) la ciud sëmpra la fnèstra prëma ad magnè.}}
|-
| [[Romanian language|Romanian]] || {{lang|ro|(Ea) închide întotdeauna fereastra înainte de a cina.}}
|-
| [[Romansh language|Romansh]] || {{lang|rm|Ella clauda/serra adina la fanestra avant ch'ella tschainia.}}
|-
| [[Campidanese dialect|South Sardinian (Campidanese)]] || {{lang|sro|Issa serrat semp(i)ri sa bentana in antis de cenai}}
|-
| [[Logudorese dialect|North Sardinian (Logudorese)]] || {{lang|src|Issa serrat semper sa bentana in antis de chenàre.}}
|-
| [[Sassarese language|Sassarese]] || {{lang|sdc|Edda sarra sempri lu balchoni primma di zinà.}}
|-
| [[Sicilian language|Sicilian]] || {{lang|scn|Iḍḍa ncasa sempri a finesṭṛa prima 'i manciari â sira.}}
|-
| [[Spanish language|Spanish]] || {{lang|es|(Ella) siempre cierra la ventana antes de cenar/comer.}}
|-
| [[Tuscan dialect|Tuscan]] || <!-- code for Italian -->{{lang|it|Lei chiude sempre la finestra prima di cenà.}}
|-
| [[Central Italian|Umbrian]] || <!-- code for Italian -->{{lang|it|Lia chiude sempre la finestra prima de cenà.}}
|-
| [[Venetian language|Venetian]] || {{lang|vec|(Eła) ła sara/sera senpre ła fenestra vanti de diznar.}}
|-
| [[Walloon language|Walloon]] || {{lang|wa|Èle sere todi l'fignèsse divant d'soper.}}
|}

:{| cellspacing="3px"
|+ '''Romance-based creoles and pidgins'''
|-
| [[Haitian Creole]] || {{lang|ht|Li toujou fèmen fenèt la avan li mange.}}
|-
| [[Mauritian Creole]] || {{lang|mfe|Li touzour ferm lafnet avan (li) manze.}}
|-
| [[Seychellois Creole]] || {{lang|crs|Y pou touzour ferm lafnet aven y manze.}}
|-
| [[Papiamento]] || {{lang|pap|E muhe semper ta sera e bentana promé ku e kome.}}
|-
| [[Cape Verdean Creole|Kriolu]] || {{lang|kea|Êl fechâ sempre janela antes de jantâ.}}
|-
| [[Chavacano]] || {{lang|cbk|Ta cerrá él siempre con la ventana antes de cená.}}
|-
| [[Palenquero]] || {{lang|cbk|Ele ta cerrá siempre ventana antes de cená.}}
|}

Some of the divergence comes from [[semantic change]]: where the same root words have developed different meanings. For example, the Portuguese word {{lang|pt|fresta}} is descended from Latin {{lang|la|fenestra}} "window" (and is thus [[cognate]] to French {{lang|fr|fenêtre}}, Italian {{lang|it|finestra}}, Romanian {{lang|ro|fereastră}} and so on), but now means "skylight" and "slit". Cognates may exist but have become rare, such as {{lang|es|hiniestra}} in Spanish, or dropped out of use entirely. The Spanish and Portuguese terms {{lang|es|defenestrar}} meaning "to [[defenestration|throw through a window]]" and {{lang|es|fenestrado}} meaning "replete with windows" also have the same root, but are later borrowings from Latin.

Likewise, Portuguese also has the word {{lang|pt|cear}}, a cognate of Italian {{lang|it|cenare}} and Spanish {{lang|es|cenar}}, but uses it in the sense of "to have a late supper" in most varieties, while the preferred word for "to dine" is {{lang|pt|jantar}} (related to archaic Spanish {{lang|es|yantar}} "to eat") because of semantic changes in the 19th century. Galician has both {{lang|gl|fiestra}} (from medieval ''fẽestra'', the ancestor of standard Portuguese {{lang|pt|fresta}}) and the less frequently used {{lang|gl|ventá}} and {{lang|gl|xanela}}.

As an alternative to {{lang|it|lei}} (originally the genitive form), Italian has the pronoun {{lang|it|ella}}, a cognate of the other words for "she", but it is hardly ever used in speaking.

Spanish, Asturian, and Leonese {{lang|es|ventana}} and Mirandese and Sardinian {{lang|mwl|bentana}} come from Latin {{lang|la|ventus}} "wind" (cf. English ''window'', etymologically 'wind eye'), and Portuguese {{lang|pt|janela}}, Galician {{lang|gl|xanela}}, Mirandese {{lang|mwl|jinela}} from Latin *{{lang|la|ianuella}} "small opening", a derivative of {{lang|la|ianua}} "door".

Sardinian {{lang|sc|balcone}} (alternative for {{lang|sc|ventàna}}/{{lang|sc|bentàna}}) comes from Old Italian and is similar to other Romance languages such as French {{lang|fr|balcon}} (from Italian {{lang|it|balcone}}), Portuguese {{lang|pt|balcão}}, Romanian {{lang|ro|balcon}}, Spanish {{lang|es|balcón}}, Catalan {{lang|ca|balcó}} and Corsican {{lang|co|balconi}} (alternative for {{lang|co|purtellu}}).