Editing List of Chinese monarchs (section)

==Early imperial China==
===Qin dynasty (221–207 BCE)===
{{further|Qin dynasty|Chinese emperors family tree (early)#Qin Dynasty|label 2=Qin dynasty family tree|Qin (state)}}

{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center; width:100%;"
|+ Qin dynasty (秦朝; 221–207 BCE){{sfnm|1a1=Loewe|1y=2000|1p=823|2a1=Barbieri-Low|2a2=Yates|2y=2015|2pp=XIX–XX}}
|-
! scope="col" width="15%" | [[Regnal name|Dynastic name]]
! scope="col" width="15%" | Personal name
! scope="col" width="25%" | Reign
! scope="col" width="15%" | Succession
! scope="col" width="30%" | Life details
|-
| '''[[Qin Shi Huang]]'''{{efn|In his lifetime, [[Qin Shi Huang|Ying Zheng]] would have been known as simply "'''Shi Huangdi'''", but after the [[Qin dynasty|Qin]]'s fall it became standard practice to include the dynasty's name when referring to him. His [[Regnal name|dynastic name]] is commonly abbreviated to 'Qin Shi Huang'. In its fullest form, it would be: '''Qin Shi Huangdi''' ({{lang|zh-hant|秦始皇帝}}){{sfn|Wilkinson|2018|p=287}}}}<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|秦始皇}}
| Ying Zheng<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|嬴政}}<hr/>Zhao Zheng<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|趙政}}
|221{{efn|[[Qin Shi Huang]] began his reign as king of [[Qin (state)|Qin]] in 246 BCE, but did not unite China and proclaim himself [[Emperor of China|Emperor (皇帝 ''Huangdi'')]] until 221 BCE.{{sfn|Vervoorn|1990|p=311}}}} – July 210 BCE{{efn|{{harvnb|Moule|1957|p=3}} gives 18 July 210 BCE as the exact date for the end of [[Qin Shi Huang]]'s reign, but also notes the issues surrounding this chronology. The date is accepted by {{harvnb|Vervoorn|1990|p=311}}, but it's not used by modern scholars.{{sfn|Loewe|2000|p=823}}{{sfn|Barbieri-Low|Yates|2015|p=xix}} {{harvnb|Hymes|2000|p=8}} gives July–August 210 BCE, the seventh [[lunar month]].}}<br/><small>(11 years)</small>
| Son of [[King Zhuangxiang of Qin|King Zhuangxiang]] of [[Qin (state)|Qin]]. As King Zheng of Qin, he [[Qin's wars of unification|conquered]] the [[Seven Warring States|six other states]] during the [[Warring States period]] and proclaimed himself [[Emperor of China|Emperor (皇帝; ''Huangdi'')]].{{sfn|Paludan|1998|pp=16–17}}
| 259 – July 210 BCE<br/><small>({{Age in years|-259|-210}} years)</small><hr/>Instilled a [[Legalism (Chinese philosophy)|Legalist]] philosophy, combined preexisting walls into the [[Great Wall of China]], and built the [[Lingqu]] canal and the [[Terracotta Army]]. Died of sudden illness,{{sfn|Loewe|2000|pp=654–655}} possibly [[Chinese alchemical elixir poisoning|alchemical elixir poisoning]]{{sfn|Wright|2001|p=[https://archive.org/details/historyofchina00wrig/page/49 49]}}
|-
| '''[[Qin Er Shi]]'''{{efn|In its fullest form, [[Qin Er Shi|Ying Huhai]]'s dynastic name would be '''Qin Er Shi Huangdi''' ({{lang|zh-hant|秦二世皇帝}}){{sfn|Wilkinson|2018|p=287}}}}<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|秦二世}}
| Ying Huhai<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|嬴胡亥}}
| 210{{efn|Sources vary on the exact month of [[Qin Er Shi]]'s accession, though they agree it was in late 210. {{harvnb|Vervoorn|1990|p=311}} gives August 210 while {{harvnb|Barbieri-Low|Yates|2015|p=xix}} and {{harvnb|Moule|1957|p=3}} give September–October 210}} – October 207 BCE<br/><small>(3 years)</small>
| Second son of [[Qin Shi Huang]]. Put on the throne by [[Li Si]] and [[Zhao Gao]], who forced the appointed heir [[Fusu]] to commit suicide.{{sfn|Loewe|2004|p=575}}
|231/222 – October 207 BCE<br/><small>({{Age in years|-231|-207}}/{{Age in years|-222|-207}} years)</small><hr/>His reign was completely dominated by [[Zhao Gao]]. Forced by Zhao to commit suicide{{sfn|Loewe|2000|pp=652–653}}
|-
| colspan="5" style="background-color: #EAECF0" | As the [[Qin dynasty]] greatly weakened in power, the [[Chu–Han Contention]] began in 206 BCE and ended with [[Liu Bang]] inaugurating the [[Han dynasty]] in 202 BCE{{efn|After [[Qin Er Shi]]'s death the [[Qin dynasty]] became increasingly weaker in power, so [[Zhao Gao]] proclaimed the state was once again a kingdom, not an empire. Thus when [[Ziying of Qin|Ziying]] ({{lang|zh-hant|子嬰}}) ascended to the throne, he only ruled as a King of [[Qin (state)|Qin]].{{sfn|Xiong|Hammond|2019|p=23}} After ruling for 46 days in late 207 BCE, Ziying surrendered to [[Liu Bang]] and was later killed by [[Xiang Yu]] during the [[Chu–Han Contention]].{{sfn|Loewe|2000|p=752}}{{sfn|Xiong|Hammond|2019|p=24}}}}
|}

===Han and Xin dynasties (202 BCE – 220 CE)===
{{Main list|List of emperors of the Han dynasty}}
{{further|Han dynasty|Xin dynasty|Chinese emperors family tree (early)#Han dynasty, Xin dynasty and Shu Han|label 3=Han and Xin dynasties family tree}}

{{legend|#EBEBEB|({{Hash-tag}}) – contested legitimacy}}

{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center; width:100%;"
|+Han (漢朝; 202 BCE – 9 CE; 25–220 CE) and Xin (新; 9–23 CE) dynasties
|-
! scope="col" width="15%" | [[Posthumous name]]
! scope="col" width="15%" | Personal name
! scope="col" width="25%" | Reign{{sfnm|1a1=Barbieri-Low|1a2=Yates|1y=2015|1pp=xix–xx|2a1=Vervoorn|2y=1990|2pp=311–315|3a1=Twitchett|3a2=Loewe|3pp=xxxix–xli|3y=1986|4a1=Moule|4y=1957|4pp=4–11}}
! scope="col" width="15%" | Succession
! scope="col" width="30%" | Life details
|-
| colspan="5" data-sort-value="ZZZZ9999" |

====Western Han (202 BCE – 9 CE)====

{{see also|Han dynasty#Western Han}}
|-
| '''[[Emperor Gaozu of Han|Gaozu]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|高祖}}<hr/>'''[[Emperor Gaozu of Han|Gao]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|高帝}}
| Liu Bang<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|劉邦}}
| 28 February 202{{efn|[[Emperor Gaozu of Han|Liu Bang]] began his peasant revolt in 209 BCE, during the collapse of the [[Qin dynasty]]. He assumed the title "King of Han" (漢王) in 206 BCE, referencing his dominions near the [[Hanzhong|Han river]]. He only assumed the title of [[Emperor of China|Emperor]] ({{lang|zh-hant|皇帝}}; ''Huangdi'') in 202 BCE after his victory in the [[Chu–Han Contention]].{{sfn|Loewe|1986|pp=111–116}}}}– 1 June 195 BCE<br/><small>({{Age in years, months and days|-202|2|28|-195|6|1}})</small>
| Unified China and proclaimed himself Emperor after victory in the [[Chu–Han Contention]]
| 256 – 1 June 195 BCE<br/><small>(aged 61)</small>
----Among the most revered Chinese emperors. Died from an arrow injury in a campaign against [[Ying Bu]]{{sfnm|1a1=Paludan|1y=1998|1pp=28–31|2a1=Loewe|2y=2000|2pp=253–259}}
|-
| '''[[Emperor Hui of Han|Hui]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|惠帝}}
| Liu Ying<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|劉盈}}
| 23 June 195 – 26 September 188 BCE<br/><small>({{Age in years, months and days|-195|6|23|-188|9|26}})</small>
| Son of [[Emperor Gaozu of Han|Gao]]
| 210 – 26 September 188 BCE<br/><small>(aged 22)</small>
----His reign was largely dominated by his mother [[Empress Lü]]. Died from an unknown illness{{sfnm|1a1=Paludan|1y=1998|1p=31|2a1=Loewe|2y=2000|2pp=397–399}}
|-
! colspan="5" |
|-style="background-color: #EAECF0"
| '''[[Emperor Qianshao of Han|Qianshao]]'''{{efn|Also known as:<br/>'''[[Emperor Qianshao of Han|Shaodi Gong]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|少帝恭}}{{sfn|Loewe|2000|p=468}}}} ({{Hash-tag}})<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|前少帝}}
| Liu Gong<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|劉恭}}
| 19 October 188 – 15 June 184 BCE<br/><small>({{Age in years, months and days|-188|10|19|-184|6|15}})</small>
| Purportedly a son of [[Emperor Hui of Han|Hui]]{{efn|name=sons|In order to justify [[Emperor Wen of Han]]'s overthrow of the House of Lü's puppets, [[Emperor Houshao of Han|Houshao]] and [[Emperor Qianshao of Han|Qianshao]], both of the dynasty's official histories—the ''[[Records of the Grand Historian|Shiji]]'' and ''[[Book of Han|Hanshu]]''—assert that neither was actually a son of [[Emperor Hui of Han|Hui]].{{sfn|Theobald|2011b}}}}
| ? – after 184 BCE
----An infant emperor whose reign was completely dominated by [[Empress Lü]]. Deposed and put under [[house arrest]]; unknown date of death after 184{{sfnm|1a1=Loewe|1y=2000|1p=468|2a1=Paludan|2y=1998|2p=31}}
|-style="background-color: #EAECF0"
! colspan="5" |
|-style="background-color: #EAECF0"
| '''[[Emperor Houshao of Han|Houshao]]'''{{efn|Also known as:<br/>'''[[Emperor Qianshao of Han|Shaodi Hong]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|少帝弘}}{{sfn|Loewe|2000|p=394}}}} ({{Hash-tag}})<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|後少帝}}
| Liu Yi<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|劉盈}}<hr/>Liu Hong<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|劉弘}}
| 15 June 184 – 15 August 180 BCE<br/><small>({{Age in years, months and days|-184|6|15|-180|8|15}})</small>
| Purportedly a son of [[Emperor Hui of Han|Hui]]{{efn|name=sons}}
| ? – 14 November 180
----An infant emperor whose reign was completely dominated by [[Empress Lü]]. Put to death by the House of Lü{{sfnm|1a1=Loewe|1y=2000|1p=394|2a1=Paludan|2y=1998|2p=31}}
|-
! colspan="5" |
|-
| '''[[Emperor Wen of Han|Wen]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|文帝}}
| Liu Heng<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|劉恆}}
| <br/>14 November 180 – 6 July 157 BCE<br/><small>({{Age in years, months and days|-180|12|14|-157|6|6}})</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list
| titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal
| title = Era(s)
| expand = 
| <hr/> 
* '''Qianyuan''' ({{lang|zh-hant|前元}})<br/>25 November 180<!-- Moule dates Wen's accession to 1 November and the establishment of his first era as 12 November (11 days later). Modern calculations show that Wen began his reign on 14 November, so there are probably quite a lot of discrepancies here. With the exception of this particular one, all of the era dates given by Moule are left intact. After Wang Mang almost all dates are the same. It must be also noted that sometimes the first day of the era does not match with the date of its proclamation, meaning that only contemporary dates are given --> – 14 November 164 BCE
* '''Houyuan''' ({{lang|zh-hant|後元}})<br/>15 November 164 – 28 October 157 BCE
}}</small>
| Son of [[Emperor Gaozu of Han|Gao]]
| 203/202 – 6 July 157 BCE<br/><small>(aged 46)</small>
----Died of natural causes{{sfnm|1a1=Paludan|1y=1998|1p=33|2a1=Loewe|2y=2004|3pp=306–311}}
|-
| '''[[Emperor Jing of Han|Jing]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|景帝}}
| Liu Qi<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|劉啟}}
| <br/>14 July 157 – 10 March 141 BCE<br/><small>({{Age in years, months and days|-157|7|14|-141|3|10}})</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list
| titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal
| title = Era(s)
| expand = 
| <hr/> 
* '''Qianyuan''' ({{lang|zh-hant|前元}})<br/>29 October 157 – 10 November 150 BCE
* '''Zhongyuan''' ({{lang|zh-hant|中元}})<br/>11 November 149 – 3 November 144 BCE
* '''Houyuan''' ({{lang|zh-hant|後元}})<br/>4 November 143 – 31 October 141 BCE
}}</small>
| Son of [[Emperor Wen of Han|Wen]]
| 188 – 10 March 141 BCE<br/><small>(aged 47)</small>
----Died of natural causes{{sfnm|1a1=Paludan|1y=1998|1p=33|2a1=Loewe|2y=2004|2pp=338–344}}
|-
| '''[[Emperor Wu of Han|Wu]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|武帝}}
| Liu Che<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|劉徹}}
| <br/>10 March 141 – 29 March 87 BCE{{efn|Though most modern sources agree that Emperor Wu died on 29 March 87 BCE, {{harvnb|Vervoorn|1990|p=312}} gives 2 March; {{harvnb|Moule|1957|p=5}} gives 27 March.|name=WudiDate}}<br/><small>({{Age in years, months and days|-141|3|10|-87|3|29}})</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list
| titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal
| title = Era(s)
| expand = 
| <hr/> 
* '''Jianyuan''' ({{lang|zh-hant|建元}})<br/>1 November 141 – 25 October 135 BCE		
* '''Yuanguang''' ({{lang|zh-hant|元光}})<br/>26 October 135 – 17 November 129 BCE		
* '''Yuanshuo''' ({{lang|zh-hant|元朔}})<br/>18 November 129 – 11 November 123 BCE		
* '''Yuanshou''' ({{lang|zh-hant|元狩}})<br/>12 November 123 – 5 November 117 BCE		
* '''Yuanding''' ({{lang|zh-hant|元鼎}})<br/>6 November 117 – 14 May 110 BCE		
* '''Yuanfeng''' ({{lang|zh-hant|元封}})<br/>15 May 110 – 24 June 104 BCE		
* '''Taichu''' ({{lang|zh-hant|太初}})<br/>25 June 104 – 5 February 100 BCE		
* '''Tianhan''' ({{lang|zh-hant|天漢}})<br/>6 February 100 – 22 January 96 BCE		
* '''Taishi'''	({{lang|zh-hant|太始}})<br/>23 January 96 – 6 February 92 BCE		
* '''Zhenghe''' ({{lang|zh-hant|征和}})<br/>7 February 92 – 23 January 88 BCE		
* '''Houyuan''' ({{lang|zh-hant|後元}})<br/>24 January 88 – 29 March 87 BCE
}}</small>
| Son of [[Emperor Jing of Han|Jing]]
| 157/156 – 29 March 87 BCE{{efn|name=WudiDate}}<br/><small>(aged 69)</small>
----Among the longest reigning and highly regarded Chinese emperors. [[Southward expansion of the Han dynasty|Expanded]] the Han dynasty considerably. Died from an unknown illness{{sfnm|1a1=Paludan|1y=1998|1pp=36–39|2a1=Loewe|2y=2004|2pp=273–282|3a1=Hymes|3p=11|3y=2000}}
|-
| '''[[Emperor Zhao of Han|Zhao]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|昭帝}}
| Liu Fuling<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|劉弗陵}}
| <br/>30 March 87 – 5 June 74 BCE<br/><small>({{Age in years, months and days|-87|3|30|-74|6|5}})</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list
| titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal
| title = Era(s)
| expand = 
| <hr/> 
* '''Shiyuan''' ({{lang|zh-hant|始元}})<br/>1 February 86 – 25 January 80 BCE		
* '''Yuanfeng''' ({{lang|zh-hant|元鳳}})<br/>26 January 80 – 18 February 74 BCE
* '''Yuanping''' ({{lang|zh-hant|元平}})<br/>19 February 74 – 8 February 73 BCE
}}</small>
| Son of [[Emperor Wu of Han|Wu]]
| 94 – 5 June 74 BCE<br/><small>(aged 20)</small>
----Died from natural causes{{sfnm|1a1=Paludan|1y=1998|1p=40|2a1=Loewe|2y=2004|2pp=298–301}}
|-
! colspan="5" |
|-style="background-color: #EAECF0"
| ''None, known as''<br/>'''[[Marquis of Haihun]]''' ({{Hash-tag}})<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|海昏侯}}
| Liu He<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|劉賀}}
| 18 July – 14 August 74 BCE<br/><small>({{Age in years, months and days|-74|7|18|-74|8|14}})</small>
| Grandson of [[Emperor Wu of Han|Wu]]
| 92–59 BCE<br/><small>(aged 32–33)</small>
----Briefly installed by [[Huo Guang]] and not often considered legitimate. Died from natural causes{{sfnm|1a1=Paludan|1y=1998|1p=40|2a1=Loewe|2y=2004|2pp=305–306}}
|-
! colspan="5" |
|-
| '''[[Emperor Xuan of Han|Xuan]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|宣帝}}
| Liu Bingyi<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|劉病已}}<hr/>Liu Xun<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|劉詢}}
| <br/>10 September 74 – 10 January 48 BCE<br/><small>({{Age in years, months and days|-74|9|10|-48|1|10}})</small><br/> <small>{{Collapsible list
| titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal
| title = Era(s)
| expand = 
| <hr/> 
* '''Benshi''' ({{lang|zh-hant|本始}})<br/>8 February 73 – 24 January 69 BCE		
* '''Dijie''' ({{lang|zh-hant|地節}})<br/>25 January 69 – 8 February 65 BCE		
* '''Yuankang''' ({{lang|zh-hant|元康}})<br/>9 February 65 – 25 January 61 BCE		
* '''Shenjue''' ({{lang|zh-hant|神爵}})<br/>26 January 61 – 10 February 57 BCE		
* '''Wufeng''' ({{lang|zh-hant|五鳳}})<br/>11 February 57 – 27 January 53 BCE		
* '''Ganlu''' ({{lang|zh-hant|甘露}})<br/>28 January 53 – 12 February 49 BCE		
* '''Huanglong''' ({{lang|zh-hant|黃龍}})<br/>13 February 49 – 10 January 48 BCE
}}</small>
| Great-grandson [[Emperor Wu of Han|Wu]]
| 91 – 10 January 48 BCE<br/><small>(aged 43)</small>
----His reign is sometimes considered a cultural and political 'renaissance'. Died from natural causes{{sfnm|1a1=Paludan|1y=1998|1p=40|2a1=Loewe|2y=2004|2pp=260–267}}
|-
| '''[[Emperor Yuan of Han|Yuan]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|元帝}}
| Liu Shi<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|劉奭}}
| <br/>29 January 48 – 3 July 33 BCE<br/><small>({{Age in years, months and days|-48|1|29|-33|7|3}})</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list
| titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal
| title = Era(s)
| expand = 
| <hr/> 
* '''Chuyuan''' ({{lang|zh-hant|初元}})<br/>1 February 48 – 5 February 43 BCE		
* '''Yongguang''' ({{lang|zh-hant|永光}})<br/>6 February 43 – 10 February 39 BCE		
* '''Jianzhao''' ({{lang|zh-hant|建昭}})<br/>11 February 38 – 15 February 34 BCE		
* '''Jingning''' ({{lang|zh-hant|竟寧}})<br/>16 February 33 – 3 July 33 BCE
}}</small>
| Son of [[Emperor Xuan of Han|Xuan]]
| 75 – 8 July 33 BCE<br/><small>(aged 42)</small>
----Died from an unknown illness{{sfnm|1a1=Paludan|1y=1998|1p=42|2a1=Loewe|2y=2004|2pp=355–360}}
|-
| '''[[Emperor Cheng of Han|Cheng]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|成帝}}
| Liu Ao<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|劉驁}}
| <br/>4 August 33 – 17 April 7 BCE<br/><small>({{Age in years, months and days|-33|8|4|-7|4|17}})</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list
| titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal
| title = Era(s)
| expand = 
| <hr/> 
* '''Jianshi''' ({{lang|zh-hant|建始}})<br/>4 February 32 – late 28 BCE		
* '''Heping''' ({{lang|zh-hant|河平}})<br/>late 28 – 10 August 25 BCE		
* '''Yangshuo''' ({{lang|zh-hant|陽朔}})<br/>11 August 25 – 20 February 20 BCE		
* '''Hongjia''' ({{lang|zh-hant|鴻嘉}})<br/>21 February 20 – 6 February 17 BCE		
* '''Yongshi''' ({{lang|zh-hant|永始}})<br/>7 February 16 – 23 January 13 BCE		
* '''Yuanyan''' ({{lang|zh-hant|元延}})<br/>24 January 12 – 8 February 8 BCE		
* '''Suihe''' ({{lang|zh-hant|綏和}})<br/>9 February 8 – 17 April 7 BCE	
}}</small>
| Son of [[Emperor Yuan of Han|Yuan]]
| 51 – 17 April 7 BCE<br/><small>(aged 44)</small>
----Died from a stroke or possibly complications from an [[aphrodisiac]] overdose{{sfnm|1a1=Paludan|1y=1998|1p=42|2a1=Loewe|2y=2004|2pp=245–252}}
|-
| '''[[Emperor Ai of Han|Ai]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|哀帝}}
| Liu Xin<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|劉欣}}
| <br/>7 May 7 – 15 August 1 BCE<br/><small>({{Age in years, months and days|-7|5|7|-1|8|15}})</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list
| titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal
| title = Era(s)
| expand = 
| <hr/> 
* '''Jianping''' ({{lang|zh-hant|建平}})<br/>17 February 6 – 2 February 2 BCE
* '''Taichu Yuan Jiang''' ({{lang|zh-hant|太初元將}})<br/>9 July – September 5 BCE
* '''Yuanshou''' ({{lang|zh-hant|元壽}})<br/>3 February 2 – 11 February 1 CE
}}</small>
| Grandson of [[Emperor Yuan of Han|Yuan]]
| 27 – 15 August 1 BCE<br/><small>(aged 26)</small>
----Died from an unknown illness{{sfnm|1a1=Paludan|1y=1998|1p=42|2a1=Loewe|2y=2004|2pp=378–383}}
|-
| '''[[Emperor Ping of Han|Ping]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|平帝}}
| Liu Kan<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|劉衎}}
| <br/>17 October 1 BCE – 3 February 6 CE<br/><small>({{Age in years, months and days|-1|10|17|6|2|3}})</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list
| titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal
| title = Era(s)
| expand = 
| <hr/> 
* '''Yuanshi''' ({{lang|zh-hant|元始}})<br/>12 February 1 CE – 16 February 6 CE
}}</small>
| Grandson of [[Emperor Yuan of Han|Yuan]]
| 9 BCE – 3 February 6 CE<br/><small>(aged 14)</small>
----His reign was dominated by [[Wang Zhengjun]] and [[Wang Mang]]. He was murdered, possibly by orders from the latter.{{sfnm|1a1=Paludan|1y=1998|1p=42|2a1=Loewe|2y=2004|2pp=322–326}}
|-
! colspan="5" |
|-style="background-color: #EAECF0"
| ''None, known as''<br/>'''[[Ruzi Ying]]''' ({{Hash-tag}})<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|孺子嬰}}
| Liu Ying<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|劉嬰}}
| <br/>17 April 6 – 10 January 9 CE<br/><small>({{Age in years, months and days|6|4|17|9|1|10}})</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list
| titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal
| title = Era(s)
| expand = 
| <hr/> 
* '''Jushe''' ({{lang|zh-hant|居攝}})<br/>17 February 6 – 27 January 8 CE	
* '''Chushi''' ({{lang|zh-hant|初始}})<br/>27 January – 10 January 9 CE
}}</small>
| [[Cousin-once-removed]] of [[Emperor Ping of Han|Ping]]
| 5 – 25 CE<br/><small>(aged 20)</small>
----A child puppet of [[Wang Mang]]; often not considered legitimate. He later attempted to succeed the [[Gengshi Emperor]], but was killed by him{{sfnm|1a1=Paludan|1y=1998|1p=42|2a1=Loewe|2y=2004|2pp=396–397}}
|-
! colspan="5" |
|-
| colspan="5" data-sort-value="ZZZZ9999" |

====Xin dynasty (9–23 CE)====

{{see also|Xin dynasty}}
|-
| —
| '''[[Wang Mang]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|王莽}}
| <br/>10 January 9 – 6 October 23 CE<br/><small>({{Age in years, months and days|9|1|10|23|10|6}})</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list
| titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal
| title = Era(s)
| expand = 
| <hr/> 
* '''Shijianguo''' ({{lang|zh-hant|始建國}})<br/>15 January 9 – 19 January 14 CE		
* '''Tianfeng''' ({{lang|zh-hant|天鳳}})<br/>20 January 14 – 13 January 20 CE
* '''Dihuang''' ({{lang|zh-hant|地皇}})<br/>14 January 20 – 6 October 23 CE
}}</small>
| After dominating the reign of Emperor Ping, Wang Mang overthrew him and established the short-lived [[Xin dynasty]]
| 46 BCE – 6 October 23 CE<br/><small>(aged 68)</small>
----Established the [[Xin dynasty]], but his drastic reforms incited the [[Red Eyebrows]] and [[Lulin]] peasant rebellions which collapsed the dynasty.{{Sfnm|1a1=Paludan|1y=1998|1pp=42–43|2a1=Loewe|2y=2000|2pp=536–545}}
|-
| colspan="5" data-sort-value="ZZZZ9999" |

====Gengshi Emperor (23–25 CE)====
|-style="background-color: #EAECF0"
| ''None, known by his era:''<br/>'''[[Gengshi Emperor|Gengshi]]''' ({{Hash-tag}})<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|更始帝}}
| Liu Xuan<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|劉玄}}
| <br/>11 March 23 – November 25 CE<br/><small>({{Age in years, months and days|23|3|11|25|11|11}})</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list
| titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal
| title = Era(s)
| expand = 
| <hr/> 
* '''Gengshi''' ({{lang|zh-hant|更始}})<br/>10 February 23 – November 25 CE
}}</small>
| Descendant of [[Emperor Jing of Han|Jing]]
| ? – November 25 CE
----Strangled on the orders of {{ill|謝祿|zh|lt=Xie Lu}}, a leader of the [[Red Eyebrows]]. Sometimes considered a [[pretender]] and illegitimate{{sfn|de Crespigny|2007|pp=567–569}}
|-
| colspan="5" data-sort-value="ZZZZ9999" |

====Eastern Han (25–220 CE)====

{{see also|Han dynasty#Eastern Han}}
|-
|'''[[Emperor Guangwu of Han|Guangwu]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|光武帝}}
| Liu Xiu<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|劉秀}}
| <br/>5 August 25 – 29 March 57 CE<br/><small>({{Age in years, months and days|25|8|5|57|3|29}})</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list
| titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal
| title = Era(s)
| expand = 
| <hr/> 
* '''Jianwu''' ({{lang|zh-hant|建武}})<br/>5 August 25 – 13 May 56 CE		
* '''Jianwezhongyuan''' ({{lang|zh-hant|建武中元}})<br/>14 May 56 – 12 February 57 CE	
}}</small>
| Descendant of [[Emperor Jing of Han|Jing]]
| 15 January 5 BCE – 29 March 57 CE<br/><small>(aged 62)</small>
----Died of natural causes{{sfnm|1a1=Paludan|1y=1998|1pp=44–45|2a1=Loewe|2y=2004|2p=389|3a1=de Crespigny|3y=2007|3pp=557–569}}
|-
| '''[[Emperor Ming of Han|Ming]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|明帝}}
| Liu Yang<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|劉陽}}<hr/>Liu Zhuang<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|劉莊}}
| <br/>29 March 57 – 5 September 75 CE<br/><small>({{Age in years, months and days|57|3|29|75|9|5}})</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list
| titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal
| title = Era(s)
| expand = 
| <hr/> 
* '''Yongping''' ({{lang|zh-hant|永平}})<br/>13 February 58 – 23 February 76 CE	
}}</small>
| Son of [[Emperor Guangwu of Han|Guangwu]]
| 28 – 5 September 75 CE<br/><small>(aged 48)</small>
----Died of natural causes{{sfnm|1a1=Paludan|1y=1998|1pp=48–49|2a1=de Crespigny|2y=2007|2pp=604–609}}
|-
| '''[[Emperor Zhang of Han|Zhang]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|章帝}}
| Liu Da<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|劉炟}}
| <br/>5 September 75 – 9 April 88 CE<br/><small>({{Age in years, months and days|75|9|5|88|4|9}})</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list
| titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal
| title = Era(s)
| expand = 
| <hr/> 
* '''Jianchu''' ({{lang|zh-hant|建初}})<br/>24 February 76 – 26 January 84 CE		
* '''Yuanhe''' ({{lang|zh-hant|元和}})<br/>27 January 84 – 11 September 87 CE		
* '''Zhanghe''' ({{lang|zh-hant|章和}})<br/>12 September 87 – 29 April 88 CE
}}</small>
| Son of [[Emperor Ming of Han|Ming]]
| 56 – 9 April 88 CE<br/><small>(aged 32)</small>
----His reign marked the beginning of the Han's decline. Died of natural causes{{sfnm|1a1=Paludan|1y=1998|1pp=48–49|2a1=de Crespigny|2y=2007|2pp=495–500}}
|-
|'''[[Emperor He of Han|He]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|和帝}}
| Liu Zhao<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|劉肇}}
| <br/>9 April 88 – 13 February 106 CE<br/><small>({{Age in years, months and days|88|4|9|106|2|13}})</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list
| titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal
| title = Era(s)
| expand = 
| <hr/> 
* '''Yongyuan''' ({{lang|zh-hant|永元}})<br/>30 January 89 – 17 May 105 CE		
* '''Yuanxing''' ({{lang|zh-hant|元興}})<br/>18 May 105 – 20 February 106 CE
}}</small>
| Son of [[Emperor Zhang of Han|Zhang]]
| 79 – 13 February 106<br/><small>(aged 27)</small>
----Died of natural causes{{sfnm|1a1=Paludan|1y=1998|1pp=50–51|2a1=de Crespigny|2y=2007|2pp=588–593}}
|-
|'''[[Emperor Shang of Han|Shang]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|殤帝}}
| Liu Long<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|劉隆}}
| <br/>13 February – 21 September 106 CE<br/><small>({{Age in years, months and days|106|2|13|106|9|21}})</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list
| titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal
| title = Era(s)
| expand = 
| <hr/> 
* '''Yanping''' ({{lang|zh-hant|延平}})<br/>21 February 106 – 9 February 107 CE
}}</small>
| Son of [[Emperor He of Han|He]]
| 105 – 21 September 106<br/><small>(aged 4)</small>
----Died of natural causes{{sfnm|1a1=Paludan|1y=1998|1pp=50–51|2a1=de Crespigny|2y=2007|2p=531}}
|-
| '''[[Emperor An of Han|An]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|安帝}}
| Liu Hu<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|劉祜}}<hr/>Liu You<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|劉友}}
| <br/>23 September 106 – 30 April 125 CE<br/><small>({{Age in years, months and days|106|9|23|125|4|30}})</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list
| titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal
| title = Era(s)
| expand = 
| <hr/> 
* '''Yongchu''' ({{lang|zh-hant|永初}})<br/>10 February 107 – 23 February 113 CE
* '''Yuanchu''' ({{lang|zh-hant|元初}})<br/>24 February 114 – 24 May 120 CE
* '''Yongning''' ({{lang|zh-hant|永寧}})<br/>25 May 120 – 30 September 121 CE
* '''Jianguang''' ({{lang|zh-hant|建光}}) <br/>1 August 121 – 24 April 122 CE
* '''Yanguang''' ({{lang|zh-hant|延光}})<br/>25 April 122 – 30 April 125 CE
}}</small>
| Grandson of [[Emperor Zhang of Han|Zhang]]
| 94 – 30 April 125<br/><small>(aged 32)</small>
----Died of natural causes{{sfnm|1a1=Paludan|1y=1998|1pp=50–51|2a1=de Crespigny|2y=2007|2pp=580–583}}
|-
! colspan="5" |
|-style="background-color: #EAECF0"
| ''None, known as''<br/>'''[[Marquess of Beixiang]]''' ({{Hash-tag}})<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|北鄉侯}}
| Liu Yi<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|劉懿}}
| 18 May – 10 December 125 CE{{efn|[[Marquess of Beixiang|Liu Yi]] reigned for less than a year, so thus did not live long enough to receive an era name{{sfn|de Crespigny|2007|p=576}}}}<br/><small>({{Age in years, months and days|125|5|18|125|12|10}})</small>
| Grandson of [[Emperor Zhang of Han|Emperor Zhang]]
| ?–125 CE
----Briefly reigned, probably as a child; often not considered legitimate. Died of natural causes{{sfn|de Crespigny|2007|p=576}}
|-
! colspan="5" |
|-
| '''[[Emperor Shun of Han|Shun]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|順帝}}
| Liu Bao<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|劉保}}
| <br/>16 December 125 – 20 September 144<br/><small>({{Age in years, months and days|125|12|16|144|9|20}})</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list
| titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal
| title = Era(s)
| expand = 
| <hr/> 
* '''Yongjian''' ({{lang|zh-hant|永建}})<br/>10 February 126 – 15 April 132 CE
* '''Yangjia''' ({{lang|zh-hant|陽嘉}})<br/>16 April 132 – 4 March 135 CE
* '''Yonghe''' ({{lang|zh-hant|永和}})<br/>5 March 136 – 25 February 142 CE
* '''Han'an''' ({{lang|zh-hant|漢安}})<br/>26 February 142 – 2 June 144 CE
* '''Jiankang''' ({{lang|zh-hant|建康}})<br/>3 June 144 – 9 February 145 CE
}}</small>
| Son of [[Emperor An of Han|An]]
| 115 – 20 September 144 CE<br/><small>(aged 29)</small>
----Died of natural causes{{sfnm|1a1=Paludan|1y=1998|1p=51|2a1=de Crespigny|2y=2007|2pp=473–478}}
|-
| '''[[Emperor Chong of Han|Chong]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|沖帝}}
| Liu Bing<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|劉炳}}
| <br/>20 September 144 – 15 February 145<br/><small>({{Age in years, months and days|144|9|20|145|2|15}})</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list
| titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal
| title = Era(s)
| expand = 
| <hr/> 
* '''Yongxi''' ({{lang|zh-hant|永嘉}})<br/>10 February 145 – 29 January 146 CE
}}</small>
| Son of [[Emperor Shun of Han|Shun]]
| 143 – 15 February 145 CE<br/><small>(aged 2)</small>
----Died of natural causes{{sfnm|1a1=Paludan|1y=1998|1p=51|2a1=de Crespigny|2y=2007|2pp=486–487}}
|-
| '''[[Emperor Zhi of Han|Zhi]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|質帝}}
| Liu Zuan<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|劉纘}}
| <br/>6 March 145 – 26 July 146<br/><small>({{Age in years, months and days|145|3|6|146|7|26}})</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list
| titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal
| title = Era(s)
| expand = 
| <hr/> 
* '''Benchu''' ({{lang|zh-hant|本初}})<br/>30 January 146 – 17 February 147 CE
}}</small>
| Cousin of [[Emperor Chong of Han|Chong]] and great-grandson of [[Emperor Zhang of Han|Emperor Zhang]]
| 138 – 26 July 146 CE<br/><small>(aged 7–8)</small>
----His reign was dominated by [[Liang Ji]], who may have poisoned him. Otherwise he died from [[food poisoning]]{{sfnm|1a1=Paludan|1y=1998|1p=51|2a1=de Crespigny|2y=2007|2pp=610–611}}
|-
| '''[[Emperor Huan of Han|Huan]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|桓帝}}
| Liu Zhi<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|劉志}}
| <br/>1 August 146 – 25 January 168<br/><small>({{Age in years, months and days|146|8|1|168|1|25}})</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list
| titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal
| title = Era(s)
| expand = 
| <hr/> 
* '''Jianhe''' ({{lang|zh-hant|建和}})<br/>18 February 147 – 14 February 150 CE
* '''Heping''' ({{lang|zh-hant|和平}})<br/>15 February 150 – 18 February 151 CE
* '''Yuanjia''' ({{lang|zh-hant|元嘉}})<br/>19 February 151 – 30 June 153 CE
* '''Yongxing''' ({{lang|zh-hant|永興}})<br/>1 July 153 – 4 March 155 CE
* '''Yongshou''' ({{lang|zh-hant|永壽}})<br/>5 March 155 – 16 July 158 CE
* '''Yanxi''' ({{lang|zh-hant|延熹}})<br/>17 July 158 – 11 July 167 CE
* '''Yongkang''' ({{lang|zh-hant|永康}})<br/>12 July 167 – 16 February 168 CE
}}</small>
| Great-grandson of [[Emperor Zhang of Han|Zhang]]
| 132 – 25 January 168 CE<br/><small>(aged 36)</small>
----Died of natural causes{{sfnm|1a1=Paludan|1y=1998|1p=51|2a1=de Crespigny|2y=2007|2pp=595–603}}
|-
| '''[[Emperor Ling of Han|Ling]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|靈帝}}
| Liu Hong<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|劉宏}}
| <br/>17 February 168 – 13 May 189<br/><small>({{Age in years, months and days|168|2|17|189|3|13}})</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list
| titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal
| title = Era(s)
| expand = 
| <hr/> 
* '''Jianning''' ({{lang|zh-hant|建寧}})<br/>17 February 168 – 23 June 172 CE
* '''Xiping''' ({{lang|zh-hant|熹平}})<br/>24 June 172 – 25 April 178 CE
* '''Guanghe''' ({{lang|zh-hant|光和}})<br/>26 April 178 – 15 February 185 CE<!-- The 7th year of Guanghe (184) was renamed the 1st year of Zhongping, but that era name wasn't adopted until the next year. See also "Fire over Luoyang" p. 414 (ttps://books.google.com/books?id=jSJ4DgAAQBAJ&pg=PA414). -->
* '''Zhongping''' ({{lang|zh-hant|中平}})<br/>16 February 184 – 14 May 189 CE	
}}</small>
| Great-great-grandson of [[Emperor Zhang of Han|Zhang]]
| 156 – 13 May 189 CE<br/><small>(aged 32–33)</small>
----Died of an unknown illness{{sfnm|1a1=Paludan|1y=1998|1p=52, 54–55|2a1=de Crespigny|2y=2007|2pp=510–517}}
|-
! colspan="5" |
|-style="background-color: #EAECF0"
| '''[[Liu Bian|Prince of Hongnong]]''' ({{Hash-tag}})<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;{{lang|zh-hant|弘農王}}
| Liu Bian<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|劉辯}}
| <br/>15 May – 28 September 189 CE<br/><small>({{Age in years, months and days|189|3|15|189|9|28}})</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list
| titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal
| title = Era(s)
| expand = 
| <hr/> 
* '''Guingxi''' ({{lang|zh-hant|光熹}})<br/>15 May – 24 September 189 CE
* '''Zhaoning''' ({{lang|zh-hant|昭宁}})<br/>25–27 September 189 CE
}}</small>
| Son of [[Emperor Ling of Han|Ling]]
| 173/176 – 22 March 190 CE<br/><small>(aged 13–14)</small>
----Briefly reigned as a child; often not considered legitimate. Poisoned by [[Dong Zhuo]]{{sfn|de Crespigny|2007|pp=484–485}}
|-
! colspan="5" |
|-
| '''[[Emperor Xian of Han|Xian]]'''<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|獻帝}}
| Liu Xie<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|劉協}}
| <br/>28 September 189 – 11 December 220{{efn|{{harvnb|de Crespigny|2010|p=450}} notes that "On 11 December [...] Cao Cao's son and successor Cao Pi received the abdication of the last emperor of Han. [...] Some authorities give the date of abdication as 25 November [...] This is the date upon which Emperor Xian issued an edict calling upon Cao Pi to take the throne, but the ceremonial transfer of sovereignty was carried out two weeks later"}}<br/><small>({{Age in years, months and days|189|9|18|220|12|11}})</small><br/><small>{{Collapsible list
| titlestyle = background-color:transparent; text-align:right; font-weight:normal
| title = Era(s)
| expand = 
| <hr/> 
* '''Yonghan''' ({{lang|zh-hant|永汉}})<br/>28 September 189 – 18 February 190 CE
* '''Zhongping''' ({{lang|zh-hant|中平}})<br/>19–22 February 193 CE
* '''Chuping''' ({{lang|zh-hant|初平}})<br/>23 February 190 – 20 February 194 CE
* '''Xingping''' ({{lang|zh-hant|兴平}})<br/>21 February 194 – 22 February 196 CE
* '''Jian'an''' ({{lang|zh-hant|建安}})<br/>23 February 196 – 20 March 220 CE
* '''Yankang''' ({{lang|zh-hant|延康}})<br/>21 March – 11 December 220 CE
}}</small>
| Son of [[Emperor Ling of Han|Ling]]
| 2 April 181 – 21 April 234<br/><small>(aged 53)</small>
----A puppet of [[Dong Zhuo]] and later [[Cao Cao]]. Forced to abdicate by [[Cao Pi]], but spared. Died of natural causes{{sfnm|1a1=Paludan|1y=1998|1p=55|2a1=de Crespigny|2y=2007|2pp=554–556}}
|-
| colspan="5" style="background-color: #EAECF0" | Cao Cao is defeated at the [[Battle of Red Cliffs]] by [[Sun Quan]] and [[Liu Bei]], preventing him from uniting seceded southern Han territory. The region becomes split into [[Three Kingdoms|three competing powers]]: [[Cao Wei]], [[Eastern Wu]], and [[Shu Han]].{{sfnm|1a1=Beck|1y=1986|1p=352|2a1=de Crespigny|2y=2007|2p=37}}
|}