Editing Haiti (section)

====State of Haiti, Kingdom of Haiti and the Republic (1806–1820)====
{{main|State of Haiti|Kingdom of Haiti}}
[[File:Citadelle Laferrière Aerial View.jpg|thumb|left|[[Citadelle Laferrière]], built 1805–1822, is the largest [[fortress]] in the Americas, and is considered locally to be an [[eighth wonder of the world]].<ref name="Reading Eagle"/>]]
After Dessalines' death Haiti became split into two, with the [[Kingdom of Haiti]] in the north directed by Henri Christophe, later declaring himself [[Henri Christophe|Henri I]], and a republic in the south centered on Port-au-Prince, directed by [[Alexandre Pétion]], an ''homme de couleur''.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3lPaBA9nMZkC|title=Toussaint L'Ouverture: A Biography|last=Bell|first=Madison Smartt|publisher=New York: Pantheon, 2007 (Vintage Books, 2008)|isbn=978-1-4000-7935-3|date=10 June 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=http://www.blackpast.org/gah/haitian-revolution-1791-1804|title=Haitian Revolution (1791–1804)|last=Sutherland|first=Claudia E.|date=16 July 2007|access-date=29 September 2014|archive-date=15 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181215211607/https://blackpast.org/gah/haitian-revolution-1791-1804|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|jstor=494418|title=Teaching the Haitian Revolution: Its Place in Western and Modern World History|journal=The History Teacher|volume=32|issue=1|pages=33–41|date=Nov 1998|last=Peguero|first=Valentina|doi=10.2307/494418|s2cid=141205471}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|jstor=10.1086/526481|title=Preoccupied with Haiti: The Dream of Diaspora in African American Art, 1915–1942|journal=American Art|volume=21|issue=3|pages=74–97|date=Fall 2007|last=Thompson|first=Krista A|doi=10.1086/526481|s2cid=161805052}}</ref> Pétion's republic was less absolutist, and he initiated a series of land reforms which benefited the peasant class.<ref name="Bradt13"/> President Pétion also gave military and financial assistance to the revolutionary leader [[Simón Bolívar]], which were critical in enabling him to liberate the [[Viceroyalty of New Granada]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Simón Bolívar: essays on the life and legacy of the liberator|editor1=Bushnell, David|editor2=Lester Langley|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|year=2008|page=5|isbn=978-0-7425-5619-5}}</ref> Meanwhile, the French, who had managed to maintain a precarious control of eastern Hispaniola, were [[Spanish reconquest of Santo Domingo|defeated]] by insurgents led by [[Juan Sánchez Ramírez]], with the area returning to Spanish rule in 1809 following the [[Battle of Palo Hincado]].<ref name="RECONQUEST">{{cite news|date=29 July 2010 <!-- to 13:04 -->|url=http://www.jmarcano.com/mipais/historia/batallas/phincado.html|title=La Reconquista: Batalla de Palo Hincado (La Reconquista: Battle of Palo Hincado) (In Spanish)|publisher=Mi país: Historia (My Country)|access-date=11 September 2010 <!-- at 3:45 -->|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630145140/http://www.jmarcano.com/mipais/historia/batallas/phincado.html|archive-date=30 June 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>