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==History== In 1694, [[Arent Schuyler]], a surveyor, [[Native American trade|trader]] and land speculator, was sent by the British into northwestern New Jersey to investigate rumors that the French were trying to incite the local [[Lenape]] [[Native Americans in the United States|Native Americans]] to rebel against them. He found no evidence of a rebellion, but discovered a fertile river valley where the Lenape grew crops. Schuyler reported his findings to the British and then convinced a group including Major [[Anthony Brockholls|Anthony Brockholst]] and [[Bayard family|Samuel Bayard]] to invest in the land he referred to as the Pompton Valley. The group chose Schuyler to be the negotiator with the Lenape and Bayard to negotiate with the [[East Jersey]] Company, the owner of the land rights from the [[William III of England|King of England]]. The group completed their purchase of {{convert|5000|acre|km2}} on November 11, 1695, and the area became part of what was then known as [[New Barbadoes Township, New Jersey|New Barbadoes Township]] in [[Bergen County, New Jersey|Bergen County]].<ref name=WayneHistory>[http://www.waynetownship.com/history-wayne.html History of Wayne] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151010035147/http://www.waynetownship.com/history-wayne.html |date=October 10, 2015 }}, Wayne Township Historical Commission. Accessed January 16, 2012. "Samual Bayard was chosen to deal with the East Jersey Company who had the land rights from the King of England. Approximately 5,000 acres were purchased for 250 pounds and wampum (shells the size and shape of a cigarette used for barter). The purchase of the land was concluded on November 11, 1695. The area now known as Wayne Township then became part of New Barbadoes in Essex County.... Over the years Wayne has had nationally known individuals as residents: namely Albert Payson Terhune, the famous writer of collie dog books; Cecil DeMille, the movie mogul; and LeGrand Parish, the inventor of the Westinghouse air brake, a coupling device, and fire brick boxes."</ref> Schuyler constructed the [[Schuyler–Colfax House|Schuyler-Colfax House]] at this time.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.passaiccountynj.org/facilities/facility/details/SchuylerColfax-House-7|title=Schuyler-Colfax House|website=Passaic County, NJ|language=en|access-date=2018-05-14|archive-date=May 15, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180515183813/http://www.passaiccountynj.org/facilities/facility/details/SchuylerColfax-House-7|url-status=live}}</ref> In 1710, the area became part of [[Saddle River Township, New Jersey|Saddle River Township]]. During the [[American Revolutionary War|Revolutionary War]], General [[George Washington]] made his headquarters at the [[Dey Mansion]], first in July 1780, and again in October and November 1780. [[Alexander Hamilton]], Washington's [[aide-de-camp]], stayed at the house with him. Troops and generals were spread throughout the area during encampments, including the township's namesake [[Anthony Wayne]] and the [[Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette|Marquis de Lafayette]], who made his headquarters at the nearby Van Saun House.<ref>Hutchinson, Viola L. [http://mapmaker.rutgers.edu/356/nj_place_names_origin.pdf#page=32 ''The Origin of New Jersey Place Names''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151115082401/http://mapmaker.rutgers.edu/356/nj_place_names_origin.pdf#page=32 |date=November 15, 2015 }}, New Jersey Public Library Commission, May 1945. Accessed October 22, 2015.</ref><ref>[http://www.waynetownship.com/general-anthony-wayne.html General Anthony Wayne] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151030010724/http://www.waynetownship.com/general-anthony-wayne.html |date=October 30, 2015 }}, Township of Wayne. Accessed October 22, 2015. "Anthony Wayne – for whom Wayne Township is named – was born on New Year's Day, 1745, at Waynesborough, near Paoli, Pennsylvania."</ref> Near the end of the war, Arent Schuyler's granddaughter Hester Schuyler married [[William Colfax]], a member of Washington's [[Commander-in-Chief's Guard|Life Guard]], and they lived together at the Schuyler-Colfax House.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.revolutionarywarnewjersey.com/new_jersey_revolutionary_war_sites/towns/wayne_nj_revolutionary_war_sites.htm|title=Wayne, New Jersey Revolutionary War Sites {{!}} Wayne Historic Sites|website=www.revolutionarywarnewjersey.com|access-date=2018-05-14|archive-date=May 15, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180515044038/http://www.revolutionarywarnewjersey.com/new_jersey_revolutionary_war_sites/towns/wayne_nj_revolutionary_war_sites.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> In 1837, [[Passaic County, New Jersey|Passaic County]] was formed from portions of Bergen County, and the area became part of the new [[Manchester Township, Passaic County, New Jersey|Manchester Township]]. On April 12, 1847, the first township organization meeting was held, and the citizens voted to split from Manchester and named the new municipality Wayne.<ref>[http://www.waynetownship.com/history-wayne.html History of Wayne] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151010035147/http://www.waynetownship.com/history-wayne.html |date=October 10, 2015 }}, Township of Wayne. Accessed March 12, 2020.</ref> Throughout the 18th and 19th centuries Wayne remained predominantly agricultural, with some industry in the form of grist, saw, and cider mills, blacksmiths, and a [[Laflin & Rand Powder Company|Laflin & Rand]] gunpowder plant. Numerous farmsteads in the township employed [[Slavery in the United States|slaves]] until gradual abolition began in New Jersey in 1804; however, the practice continued in some instances under the veil of "apprenticeship" until the [[Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution|Thirteenth Amendment]] in 1865. In 1868, [[Milton H. Sanford]], owner of the [[Preakness Stud]], purchased a racehorse for $4,000, naming it [[Preakness (horse)|Preakness]], after the Thoroughbred horse racing and breeding operation established by him in the Preakness section of Wayne. On the horse's maiden start, he was entered into the inaugural "[[Dixie Stakes|Dinner Party Stakes]]" at the new [[Pimlico Race Course]] in [[Maryland]], winning the race on October 25, 1870. In 1873, Pimlico ran its first race for three year-olds and named it the [[Preakness Stakes]], in honor of the first horse to win a race at the track. Today, the Preakness is the second race in the [[Triple Crown of Thoroughbred Racing (United States)|Triple Crown of thoroughbred racing]].<ref>Meredith, Jon "Ferris". [https://www.tapinto.net/towns/wayne/sections/green/articles/telling-the-story-of-preakness-through-the-eyes-of-the-filmmaker "Telling the Story of Preakness: Through the Eyes of the Filmmaker"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201028025909/https://www.tapinto.net/towns/wayne/sections/green/articles/telling-the-story-of-preakness-through-the-eyes-of-the-filmmaker |date=October 28, 2020 }}, TAP into Wayne, October 6, 2019. Accessed May 18, 2020. "Sired by the famed thoroughbred stud Lexington and carried by a mare named Bay Leaf, Preakness was born in Kentucky in 1867, was purchased at auction by wealthy Jute manufacturer Milton Holbrook Sanford for $4,000 and named after Sanford's stables in Wayne, New Jersey."</ref> The [[Morris Canal]] ran through the southwestern part of Wayne, carrying produce to markets and coal from [[Pennsylvania]]. The canal was replaced by the railroad at the end of the 19th century. In the early 20th century Wayne grew as a vacation retreat for wealthy New Yorkers who came by train to stay in bungalows along the area's lakes. [[New Jersey Route 23]] and [[U.S. Route 46]] were constructed across the township during the [[Great Depression]]. During [[World War II]], summer bungalows were converted to year-round residences to accommodate people moving to Wayne to work in war-related industries. Following the war, Wayne suburbanized as farmlands were turned into housing developments, and [[Interstate 80 in New Jersey|Interstate 80]] was built through the southern part of the township.
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