Editing Screwdriver (cocktail) (section)

==History==

The drink originated during [[World War II]], when Americans in China and Turkey mixed [[neutral spirits]] with orange juice.<ref name=Simonson>{{cite book|first1=Robert|last1=Simonson |editor-last1=Wondrich |editor-first1=David |editor-last2=Rothbaum |editor-first2=Noah |title=The Oxford Companion to Spirits and Cocktails |date=21 October 2021 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-931113-2 |url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780199311132.001.0001/acref-9780199311132-e-412|url-access=subscription |access-date=1 January 2022 |language=en |chapter=Screwdriver}}</ref>
The origin of the name "screwdriver" is less clear, but the name appeared in [[Ankara, Turkey]], in 1943<ref name=Simonson/> and 1944<ref>{{cite magazine|magazine=[[Newsweek (magazine)|Newsweek]]|title=Turkey and the War: Neutrality Pays Big Dividends—and Anyway, Turks Love Peace |last=Crawford |first=Kenneth |volume=23 |issue=8 |page=36|department=Abroad |date=February 21, 1944|quote=A Screwdriver—a half-orange-juice and half-vodka drink popularized by interned American aviators |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_newsweek-us_1944-02-21_23_8/page/36/mode/1up}}</ref> and later in [[Istanbul]].<ref>{{cite news  |date=October 24, 1949 |title=Turkey: Wild West of the Middle East |magazine=Time |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,805132,00.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061114074034/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0%2C9171%2C805132%2C00.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=November 14, 2006 |access-date=July 24, 2012|quote=In the dimly lighted bar of the sleek Park Hotel, Turkish intelligence agents mingle with American engineers and Balkan refugees, drinking the latest Yankee concoction of vodka and orange juice, called a 'screwdriver.'}}</ref> Variations on the recipe were present in 1948 in Turkey and also called screwdrivers, such as a mixture of one-third vodka and two-thirds gin,<ref>{{cite news |last1=White |first1=Leigh |title=Turks Worrying About Great Increase in Consumption of Alcoholic Beverages |url=https://www.newspaperarchive.com/us/texas/corpus-christi/corpus-christi-times/1948/01-13/page-12/|url-access=subscription |access-date=2 January 2022 |work=Corpus Christi Times |date=13 January 1948|quote=American visitors, I regret to say, have popularized an insidious cocktail called a screwdriver. It consists of one-third vodka and two-thirds gin.}}</ref> and another recipe adding gin, cognac, bitters, and other ingredients to orange juice and vodka.<ref>{{cite news |title=Turkish Bath, in Istanbul, is Vast Understatement|last1=McLemore|first1=Henry |url=https://www.newspaperarchive.com/us/florida/panama-city/panama-city-news-herald/1948/08-02/page-2/|url-access=subscription |access-date=2 January 2022 |work=Panama City New Herald |date=2 August 1948|quote=A 'screwdriver' is a drink. It was created by the American Navy during the past war. It consists of vodka, gin, orange juice, cognac, bitters, and three or four things which have yet to be identified. I am quite sure that remnants of sultans are part of the mixture.}}</ref> An unattributed but popular story for the name is that the Americans lacked a spoon and instead used a screwdriver as a stirring stick.<ref>{{cite book |last1=DeGroff |first1=Dale |editor1-last=Smith |editor1-first=Andrew F. |title=The Oxford Companion to American Food and Drink |date=May 2007 |publisher=Oxford University Press, USA |isbn=978-0-19-530796-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AoWlCmNDA3QC&q=Screwdriver |language=en |chapter=Screwdriver}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Macias |first1=Amanda |title=Here's the origin of the screwdriver cocktail |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/the-origin-story-of-the-screwdriver-cocktail-2015-3 |access-date=2 January 2022 |work=Business Insider}}</ref>  Another unattributed story is that auto workers in the US used to pour vodka in their breakfast orange juice before starting the shift and used screwdrivers to stir the glass.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Hilburn |first1=Scott |title=The Argyle Sweater for December 29, 2020 |url=https://www.gocomics.com/theargylesweater/2020/12/29 |website=GoComics |access-date=22 June 2024 |language=en |date=29 December 2020}}</ref>

Starting mid-1950s, vodka rose rapidly in popularity in America, and mixed drinks such as the screwdriver rose with it.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Perham|first1=John C.|date=26 July 1954|title=What'll It Be?: Competing Distillers Put More Variety in Their Summer Drinks|work=Barron's National Business and Financial Weekly (1942-1987)
|volume=30|page=3|url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/350358536|id={{ProQuest|350358536}}|url-access=subscription|quote=More and more people are asking for a vodka-and-tonic, or for a Bloody Mary (...), or for a Screwdriver (vodka and orange juice).}}</ref>
Advertising campaigns in the 1950s<ref>{{cite web |title=Image 12 |url=https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn84024547/1956-02-29/ed-1/seq-12/#date1=1777&sort=date&rows=20&words=Screwdriver+Vodka&searchType=basic&sequence=0&index=0&state=&date2=1963&proxtext=vodka+screwdriver&y=0&x=0&dateFilterType=yearRange&page=1 |publisher=Zajedničar ("Fraternalist") |access-date=2 January 2022 |location=Allegheny, Pa. |date=29 February 1956 |website=Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers}}</ref> and 1960s<ref>{{cite web |title=Image 6 |url=https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83045462/1961-10-24/ed-1/seq-6/#date1=1777&sort=date&rows=20&words=Screwdriver+screwdriver+Vodka&searchType=basic&sequence=0&index=13&state=&date2=1963&proxtext=vodka+screwdriver&y=0&x=0&dateFilterType=yearRange&page=1 |website=Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers |publisher=The Evening Star |access-date=2 January 2022 |location=Washington, D.C. |page=A-6 |date=24 October 1961}}</ref> by vodka brands such as [[Smirnoff]] cemented the screwdriver as a vodka favorite.<ref name=Simonson/>