Editing Latino (demonym) (section)

== Origins ==
{{Further|Latin America#Origins}}
The terms ''Latino'' and ''Latina'' originated in [[Ancient Rome]]. In the English language, the term ''Latino'' is a [[loan word]] from [[Spanish language in the United States|American Spanish]].<ref name="OED 2nd ed.">{{Cite OED2 |Latino, n.}}</ref><ref name="Merriam-Webster">{{cite Merriam-Webster|latino |access-date=September 23, 2020}}</ref> (''[[Oxford Dictionaries (website)|Oxford Dictionaries]]'' attributes the origin to [[Latin-American Spanish]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Definition of Latino by Oxford Dictionary |url=https://www.lexico.com/definition/latino |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201011175955/https://www.lexico.com/definition/latino |url-status=dead |archive-date=October 11, 2020 |website=lexico.com |access-date=23 September 2020}}</ref>) Its origin is generally given as a shortening of {{lang|es|[[latinoamericano]]}}, Spanish for 'Latin American'.<ref name="Gutierrez & Almaguer">{{cite book |last1=Gutierrez |first1=Ramon A. |last2=Almaguer |first2=Tomas |title=The New Latino Studies Reader: A Twenty-First-Century Perspective |date=2016 |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=978-0-520-28484-5 |oclc=1043876740 |page=2}}</ref> The ''[[Oxford English Dictionary]]'' traces its usage to 1946.{{r|OED 2nd ed.}}

''Latino'' has its origins in the French term {{lang|fr|Amérique latine}}, coined in the mid-19th century during the [[Second Mexican Empire]] to identify areas of the Americas colonized by [[Romance-speaking]] people and used to show affinity with French allies during the Mexican Empire, also termed the Mexican intervention.<ref>Shawcross, E. (2018). France, Mexico and Informal Empire in Latin America, 1820-1867: Equilibrium in the New World. Pgs 133-135 Germany: Springer International Publishing.</ref><ref name="Martinez 2009">{{cite book |last=Martinez |first=Juan Francisco |editor=Miguel A. De La Torre |title=Hispanic American Religious Cultures |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GFrwuj-ZXMkC&q=%22amerique+latine%22+latino |year=2009 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |location=Santa Barbara |isbn=978-1-59884-139-8 |pages=292 |chapter=Identity (Latino/a vs. Hispanic) |oclc=774498013}}</ref>

By the late 1850s, with the loss of [[California]] to [[Anglo-Americans]] or the [[United States]], owing to the [[Mexican–American War]], the term ''latino'' was being used in local California newspapers such as ''[[El Clamor Publico]]'' by [[Californios]] writing about ''America latina'' and ''Latinoamerica'', and identifying themselves as ''latinos'' as the abbreviated term for their "hemispheric membership in {{lang|es|[[la raza latina]]}}".<ref name="Gutierrez-2016">{{cite book |last1=Gutierrez |first1=Ramon A. |editor1-last=Gutierrez |editor1-first=Ramon A. |editor2-last=Almaguer |editor2-first=Tomas |title=The New Latino Studies Reader: A Twenty-First-Century Perspective |chapter=What's in a Name? |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/GutierrezPp.1953Notes |date=2016 |publisher=University of California Press |location=Berkeley |isbn=978-0-520-28484-5 |oclc=1043876740 |quote=The word {{lang|es|latinoamericano}} emerged in the years following the wars of independence in Spain's former colonies. [...] By the late 1850s, {{lang|es|californios}} were writing in newspapers about their membership in {{lang|es|América latina}} (Latin America) and {{lang|es|latinoamerica}}, calling themselves {{lang|es|latinos}} as the shortened name for their hemispheric membership in {{lang|es|la raza latina}}. |page=34}}</ref>