Editing Latin grammar (section)

==Nouns==
===Number===
Most Latin nouns have two numbers, singular and plural: {{lang|la|rēx}} "king", {{lang|la|rēgēs}} "kings". A few nouns, called {{lang|la|plūrālia tantum}} ("plural only"), although plural in form, have a singular meaning, e.g. {{lang|la|castra}} "a camp", {{lang|la|litterae}} "a letter", {{lang|la|nūptiae}} "a wedding".

===Gender===
Nouns are divided into three '''genders''', known as '''masculine''', '''feminine''', and '''neuter'''. The difference is shown in the pronouns and adjectives that refer to them, for example:
*{{lang|la|'''ipse rēx'''}} "the king himself" (''masculine'')
*{{lang|la|'''ipsa rēgīna'''}} "the queen herself" (''feminine'')
*{{lang|la|'''ipsum bellum'''}} "the war itself" (''neuter'')

To a certain extent, the genders follow the meanings of the words (for example, winds are masculine, tree-names feminine):

*'''Masculine''' nouns include all those referring to males, such as {{lang|la|dominus}} "master", {{lang|la|puer}} "boy", {{lang|la|deus}} "god", but also some inanimate objects such as {{lang|la|hortus}} "garden", {{lang|la|exercitus}} "army", {{lang|la|mōs}} "custom". Words in the 2nd declension ending in ''-us'' or ''-er'' are usually masculine.
*'''Feminine''' nouns include all those referring to females, such as {{lang|la|puella}} "girl", {{lang|la|mulier}} "woman", {{lang|la|dea}} "goddess", but also inanimate or abstract nouns such as {{lang|la|arbor}} "tree", {{lang|la|urbs}} "city", {{lang|la|hūmānitās}} "kindness", {{lang|la|nātiō}} "nation". Words in the 1st declension like {{lang|la|puella}} ending in ''-a'' are usually feminine, with a few exceptions such as {{lang|la|poēta}} "poet". Also feminine are 3rd declension nouns ending in ''-tās'' and ''-tiō''.
*'''Neuter''' nouns (apart from {{lang|la|scortum}} "a prostitute (of either gender)") all refer to things, such as {{lang|la|nōmen}} "name", {{lang|la|corpus}} "body", {{lang|la|bellum}} "war", {{lang|la|venēnum}} "poison".

Neuter nouns differ from masculine and feminine in two ways: (1) the plural nominative and accusative forms end in ''-a'', e.g. {{lang|la|bella}} "wars", {{lang|la|corpora}} "bodies"; (2) the subject (nominative) and object (accusative) cases are identical.

===Case===
Nouns in Latin have a series of different forms, called ''cases'' of the noun, which have different functions or meanings. For example, the word for "king" is {{lang|la|rēx}} when it is the subject of a verb, but {{lang|la|rēgem}} when it is the object:
*{{lang|la|rēx videt}} "the king sees" (nominative case)
*{{lang|la|rēgem videt}} "(he) sees the king" (accusative case)

Further cases mean "of" (genitive case), "to/for" (dative case), and "with" (ablative case).

Nouns for people have a separate form used for addressing a person (vocative case). In most nouns for women and girls, the vocative is the same as the nominative.

Some nouns, such as the names of cities and small islands, and the word {{lang|la|domus}} "home", have a seventh case called the '''locative''', for example {{lang|la|Rōmae}} "in Rome" or {{lang|la|domī}} "at home"; however, most nouns do not have this case.

The genitive, dative and ablative cases are called the "oblique" cases.

The order in which the cases are given in grammar books differs in different countries. In Britain and countries influenced by Britain, the order nominative, vocative, accusative is used as in the table below.{{sfn|Kennedy|1962|p=13}} In the United States, in grammars such as Gildersleeve and Lodge's ''Latin Grammar'' (1895), the traditional order is used, with the genitive case in the second place and ablative last. In the popularly used [[Wheelock's Latin]] (1956, 7th edition 2011) and Allen and Greenough's ''New Latin Grammar'' (1903), however, the vocative is placed at the end.

The following table shows the endings of a typical noun of the 3rd declension.{{sfn|Kennedy|1962|p=22}} If Gildersleeve and Lodge's order is preferred, click on the symbol "GL" in the seventh column in the table below; for Wheelock's order click on "Wh":

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! class=unsortable|Name of case
! class=unsortable|Use
! class=unsortable|sing.
! class=unsortable|meaning
! class=unsortable|plur.
! class=unsortable|meaning
! Br
! GL
! Wh
|-
| Nominative
| ''Subject''
| '''{{lang|la|rēx|italic=no}}'''
| a king, the king
| '''{{lang|la|rēgēs|italic=no}}'''
| kings, the kings
| 1
| 1
| 1
|-
| Vocative
| ''Addressing''
| '''{{lang|la|rēx|italic=no}}'''
| o king!
| '''{{lang|la|rēgēs|italic=no}}'''
| o kings!
| 2
| 5
| 6
|-
| Accusative
| ''Object, goal''
| '''{{lang|la|rēgem|italic=no}}'''
| a king, the king (''object'')
| '''{{lang|la|rēgēs|italic=no}}'''
| kings, the kings (''object'')
| 3
| 4
| 4 
|-
| Genitive
| ''of''
| '''{{lang|la|rēgis|italic=no}}'''
| of the king, of a king
| '''{{lang|la|rēgum|italic=no}}'''
| of kings, of the kings
| 4
| 2
| 2
|-
| Dative
| ''to, for''
| '''{{lang|la|rēgī|italic=no}}'''
| to the king
| '''{{lang|la|rēgibus|italic=no}}'''
| to kings, to the kings
| 5
| 3
| 3
|-
| Ablative
| ''with, by, from, in''
| '''{{lang|la|rēge|italic=no}}'''
| with the king
| '''{{lang|la|rēgibus|italic=no}}'''
| with the kings
| 6
| 6
| 5 
|}

Sometimes the same endings, e.g. {{lang|la|-ēs}} and {{lang|la|-ibus}}, are used for more than one case. Since the function of a word in Latin is shown by ending rather than word order, in theory {{lang|la|rēgēs dūcunt}} could mean either "the kings lead" or "they lead the kings". In practice, however, such ambiguities are rare.

===Declensions===
{{Main|Latin declension}}

====1st and 2nd declensions====
Latin nouns are divided into different groups according to the patterns of their case endings. These different groups are known as ''declensions''. Nouns with ''-a'' in the nominative singular, like {{lang|la|puella}} "girl" are known as ''1st declension nouns'', and so on.

The following table shows the declension of {{lang|la|puella}} "girl" (1st declension), {{lang|la|dominus}} "lord, master" (2nd declension masculine), and {{lang|la|bellum}} "war" (2nd declension neuter):{{sfn|Kennedy|1962|pp=17-19}}

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! rowspan="2" |Case
! colspan="2" |feminine
!
! colspan="2" |masculine
!
! colspan="2" |neuter
!
! rowspan="2" |Br
! rowspan="2" |GL
! rowspan="2" |Wh
|-
! class="unsortable" |''1 sg.''
! class="unsortable" |''1 pl.''
! class="unsortable" |
! class="unsortable" |''2 sg.''
! class="unsortable" |''2 pl.''
! class="unsortable" |
! class="unsortable" |''2n sg.''
! class="unsortable" |''2n pl.''
! class="unsortable" |
|-
| Nominative
| '''{{lang|la|puella|italic=no}}''' || '''{{lang|la|puellae|italic=no}}''' || ||'''{{lang|la|dominus|italic=no}}''' || '''{{lang|la|dominī|italic=no}}''' || ||'''{{lang|la|bellum|italic=no}}''' || '''{{lang|la|bella|italic=no}}''' || ||  1 || 1 || 1
|-
| Vocative
| '''{{lang|la|puella|italic=no}}''' || '''{{lang|la|puellae|italic=no}}''' ||  ||'''{{lang|la|domine|italic=no}}''' || '''{{lang|la|dominī|italic=no}}''' ||  ||'''{{lang|la|bellum|italic=no}}''' || '''{{lang|la|bella|italic=no}}''' ||  || 2 || 5 ||6 
|-
| Accusative
| '''{{lang|la|puellam|italic=no}}''' || '''{{lang|la|puellās|italic=no}}''' || ||'''{{lang|la|dominum|italic=no}}''' || '''{{lang|la|dominōs|italic=no}}''' || ||'''{{lang|la|bellum|italic=no}}''' || '''{{lang|la|bella|italic=no}}''' || || 3 || 4 || 4 
|-
| Genitive
| '''{{lang|la|puellae|italic=no}}''' || '''{{lang|la|puellārum|italic=no}}''' || ||'''{{lang|la|dominī|italic=no}}''' || '''{{lang|la|dominōrum|italic=no}}''' || ||'''{{lang|la|bellī|italic=no}}''' || '''{{lang|la|bellōrum|italic=no}}''' || || 4 || 2 || 2
|-
| Dative
| '''{{lang|la|puellae|italic=no}}''' || '''{{lang|la|puellīs|italic=no}}''' || ||'''{{lang|la|dominō|italic=no}}''' || '''{{lang|la|dominīs|italic=no}}''' || ||'''{{lang|la|bellō|italic=no}}''' || '''{{lang|la|bellīs|italic=no}}''' ||  || 5 || 3 || 3 
|-
| Ablative
| '''{{lang|la|puellā|italic=no}}''' || '''{{lang|la|puellīs|italic=no}}''' || ||'''{{lang|la|dominō|italic=no}}''' || '''{{lang|la|dominīs|italic=no}}''' || ||'''{{lang|la|bellō|italic=no}}''' || '''{{lang|la|bellīs|italic=no}}'''  || || 6 || 6 || 5 
|-
|}

1st declension nouns are usually feminine, except for a few referring to men, such as {{lang|la|agricola}} "farmer" or {{lang|la|poēta}} "poet". The nouns {{lang|la|fīlia}} "daughter" and {{lang|la|dea}} "goddess" have dative and ablative plural {{lang|la|fīliābus, deābus}}. The locative case ends in ''-ae'', pl. ''-īs'', e.g. {{lang|la|Rōmae}} "in Rome", {{lang|la|Athēnīs}} "in Athens".{{sfn|Kennedy|1962|p=17}}

2nd declension nouns in ''-us'' are usually masculine, but those referring to trees (e.g. {{lang|la|pīnus}} "pine tree") and some place names (e.g. {{lang|la|Aegyptus}} "Egypt") are feminine. A few 2nd declension nouns, such as {{lang|la|vir}} "man" and {{lang|la|puer}} "boy", lack endings in the nominative and vocative singular. In the 2nd declension, the genitive plural in some words is optionally ''-um'', especially in poetry:{{sfn|Allen|Greenough|Kittredge|Howard|1903|loc=§49}}{{sfn|Kennedy|1962|p=19}} {{lang|la|deum}} or {{lang|la|deōrum}} "of the gods", {{lang|la|virum}} or {{lang|la|virōrum}} "of men".

Neuter nouns such as {{lang|la|bellum}} "war" have ''-a'' in the nominative plural. In neuter nouns, the vocative and accusative are always the same as the nominative; the genitive, dative, and ablative are the same as the masculine. Most 2nd declension neuter nouns end in ''-um'' but {{lang|la|vīrus}} "poison" and {{lang|la|vulgus}} "crowd" end in ''-us''.

====3rd declension====
Third declension nouns have various patterns of declension. Some decline like the following: {{lang|la|mīles}} "soldier", {{lang|la|urbs}} "city", {{lang|la|corpus}} "body":{{sfn|Kennedy|1962|p=22-26}}

{| class="wikitable sortable" 
! rowspan="2" |Case
! colspan="2" |masculine
!
! colspan="2" |feminine
!
! colspan="2" |neuter
!
! rowspan="2" |Br
! rowspan="2" |GL
! rowspan="2" |Wh
|-
! class="unsortable" |''3 sg.''
! class="unsortable" |''3 pl.''
! class="unsortable" |
! class="unsortable" |''3 sg.''
! class="unsortable" |''3 pl.''
! class="unsortable" |
! class="unsortable" |''3n sg.''
! class="unsortable" |''3n pl.''
! class="unsortable" |
|-
| Nominative
| '''{{lang|la|mīles|italic=no}}''' || '''{{lang|la|mīlitēs|italic=no}}''' ||  ||'''{{lang|la|urbs|italic=no}}''' || '''{{lang|la|urbēs|italic=no}}''' ||  ||'''{{lang|la|corpus|italic=no}}''' || '''{{lang|la|corpora|italic=no}}''' ||  ||   1 || 1 || 1
|-
| Vocative
| '''{{lang|la|mīles|italic=no}}''' || '''{{lang|la|mīlitēs|italic=no}}'''  ||||'''{{lang|la|urbs|italic=no}}''' || '''{{lang|la|urbēs|italic=no}}''' ||  ||'''{{lang|la|corpus|italic=no}}''' || '''{{lang|la|corpora|italic=no}}''' || ||  2 || 5 ||6 
|-
| Accusative
| '''{{lang|la|mīlitem|italic=no}}''' || '''{{lang|la|mīlitēs|italic=no}}'''  ||||'''{{lang|la|urbem|italic=no}}''' || '''{{lang|la|urbēs/-īs|italic=no}}''' ||  ||'''{{lang|la|corpus|italic=no}}''' || '''{{lang|la|corpora|italic=no}}'''  ||||3 || 4 ||4
|-
| Genitive
| '''{{lang|la|mīlitis|italic=no}}''' || '''{{lang|la|mīlitum|italic=no}}'''  ||||'''{{lang|la|urbis|italic=no}}''' || '''{{lang|la|urbium|italic=no}}''' ||  ||'''{{lang|la|corporis|italic=no}}''' || '''{{lang|la|corporum|italic=no}}''' || ||  4 || 2 || 2
|-
| Dative
|'''{{lang|la|mīlitī|italic=no}}''' || '''{{lang|la|mīlitibus|italic=no}}''' || ||'''{{lang|la|urbī|italic=no}}''' || '''{{lang|la|urbibus|italic=no}}''' ||  ||'''{{lang|la|corporī|italic=no}}''' || '''{{lang|la|corporibus|italic=no}}''' || ||  5 || 3 || 3 
|-
| Ablative
|'''{{lang|la|mīlite|italic=no}}''' || '''{{lang|la|mīlitibus|italic=no}}''' || || '''{{lang|la|urbe|italic=no}}''' || '''{{lang|la|urbibus|italic=no}}''' ||  ||'''{{lang|la|corpore|italic=no}}''' || '''{{lang|la|corporibus|italic=no}}''' ||  || 6|| 6 || 5 
|}

There are some variations, however. A few, such as {{lang|la|vīs, vim, vī}} "force", have accusative singular ''-im'' and ablative singular ''-ī''; some, like {{lang|la|ignis}} "fire", optionally have ''-ī'' instead of ''-e'' in the ablative singular. The genitive plural in some nouns is ''-um'', in others ''-ium''. (For details, see [[Latin declension]].) 3rd declension nouns can be of any gender.

It is not usually possible to guess the genitive of a noun from the nominative: {{lang|la|dux}} "leader" has genitive {{lang|la|ducis}} but {{lang|la|rēx}} "king" has {{lang|la|rēgis}}; {{lang|la|pater}} "father" has genitive {{lang|la|patris}} but {{lang|la|iter}} "journey" has {{lang|la|itineris}}. For this reason the genitive is always given in dictionaries, and can be used to deduce the remaining cases.

====4th and 5th declensions====
4th and 5th declension nouns are less common. They decline like the following ({{lang|la|manus}} "hand", {{lang|la|genū}} "knee", {{lang|la|diēs}} "day"):{{sfn|Kennedy|1962|p=30-31}}
 
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! rowspan="2" |Case
! colspan="2" |feminine
!
! colspan="2" |neuter
!
! colspan="2" |
!
! rowspan="2" |Br
! rowspan="2" |GL
! rowspan="2" |Wh
|-
! class="unsortable" |''4 sg.''
! class="unsortable" |''4 pl.''
! class="unsortable" |
! class="unsortable" |''4 sg.''
! class="unsortable" |''4 pl.''
! class="unsortable" |
! class="unsortable" |''5 sg.''
! class="unsortable" |''5 pl.''
! class="unsortable" |
|-
| Nominative
| '''{{lang|la|manus|italic=no}}''' || '''{{lang|la|manūs|italic=no}}''' ||  ||'''{{lang|la|genū|italic=no}}''' || '''{{lang|la|genua|italic=no}}'''||  ||'''{{lang|la|diēs|italic=no}}''' || '''{{lang|la|diēs|italic=no}}''' || ||  1|| 1 ||1 
|-
| Vocative
| '''{{lang|la|manus|italic=no}}''' || '''{{lang|la|manūs|italic=no}}''' ||  ||'''{{lang|la|genū|italic=no}}''' || '''{{lang|la|genua|italic=no}}'''||  ||'''{{lang|la|diēs|italic=no}}''' || '''{{lang|la|diēs|italic=no}}''' || ||  2||5 ||6 
|-
|Accusative
| '''{{lang|la|manum|italic=no}}''' || '''{{lang|la|manūs|italic=no}}''' ||  ||'''{{lang|la|genū|italic=no}}''' || '''{{lang|la|genua|italic=no}}'''||  ||'''{{lang|la|diēm|italic=no}}''' || '''{{lang|la|diēs|italic=no}}''' || ||  3||4 ||4 
|-
| Genitive
| '''{{lang|la|manūs|italic=no}}''' || '''{{lang|la|manuum|italic=no}}''' ||  ||'''{{lang|la|genūs|italic=no}}''' || '''{{lang|la|genuum|italic=no}}'''||  ||'''{{lang|la|diēī|italic=no}}''' || '''{{lang|la|diērum|italic=no}}''' ||  || 4|| 2 ||2 
|-
| Dative
| '''{{lang|la|manuī|italic=no}}''' || '''{{lang|la|manibus|italic=no}}''' ||  ||'''{{lang|la|genuī, genū|italic=no}}''' || '''{{lang|la|genibus|italic=no}}'''||  ||'''{{lang|la|diēī|italic=no}}''' || '''{{lang|la|diēbus|italic=no}}''' ||  || 5|| 3 ||3 
|-
| Ablative
| '''{{lang|la|manū|italic=no}}''' || '''{{lang|la|manibus|italic=no}}''' ||  ||'''{{lang|la|genū|italic=no}}''' || '''{{lang|la|genibus|italic=no}}'''||  ||'''{{lang|la|diē|italic=no}}''' || '''{{lang|la|diēbus|italic=no}}''' ||  || 6|| 6 ||5 
|-
|}

4th declension nouns are usually masculine, but a few, such as {{lang|la|manus}} "hand" and {{lang|la|anus}} "old lady", are feminine. There are only four 4th declension neuter nouns.{{sfn|Allen|Greenough|Kittredge|Howard|1903|loc= §91}}

5th declension nouns (except for {{lang|la|diēs}} (m) "day") are usually feminine. {{lang|la|rēs}} "thing" is similar to {{lang|la|diēs}} except for a short ''e'' in the genitive and dative singular {{lang|la|reī}}.

====Other nouns====
In addition to the above there are some irregularly declined nouns, mostly borrowed from Greek, such as the name {{lang|la|Aenēās}} "Aeneas" (1st declension masculine).{{sfn|Kennedy|1962|p=34-36}}

The vocative is nearly always the same as the nominative, except in 1st and 2nd declension masculine singular words, such as {{lang|la|Aenēā!}} "Aeneas!" and {{lang|la|domine!}} "master!/lord!". Some words, such as {{lang|la|deus}} "god", have no separate vocative, however.

===Use of cases===
{{Further|Latin syntax#Examples of case use}}

====Nominative====
The [[nominative]] case is used for the [[Subject (grammar)|subject]] of an [[Active voice|active]] or a [[Passive voice|passive]] verb:
:{{lang|la|'''rēx''' respondit}} = the king replied
:{{lang|la|'''rēx''' occīsus est}} = the king was killed

It is also used for the [[Complement (linguistics)|complement]] of a [[Copula (linguistics)|copula]] verb such as {{lang|la|est}} "he is" or {{lang|la|factus est}} "he became":{{sfn|Kennedy|1962|p=119}}
:{{lang|la|'''rēx''' erat Aenēās nōbīs}} = our king was Aeneas / Aeneas was our king
:{{lang|la|'''rēx''' factus est}} = he was made king / he became king

====Vocative====
The [[vocative]] case is used when addressing someone:
:{{lang|la|iubēsne mē, '''Rōmule Rēx''', foedus ferīre?}} = do you order me, King Romulus, to strike a treaty?

====Accusative====
The [[accusative]] case is used for the object of a sentence:{{sfn|Kennedy|1962|pp=119-122}}
:{{lang|la|'''rēgem''' interfēcērunt}} = they killed the king

It is also used as the subject of an infinitival clause dependent on a verb of speaking or the like:
:{{lang|la|'''rēgem''' interfectum esse crēdēbant}} = they believed that the king had been killed

It can be the complement of another word which is itself accusative:
:{{lang|la|'''Tullum''' populus '''rēgem''' creāvit}} = the people made Tullus their king

It can also be used with a place name to refer to the destination:
:{{lang|la|'''Rōmam''' profectus est}} = he set out for Rome

The accusative is also used after various prepositions (especially those that imply motion towards):
:{{lang|la|senātus ad '''rēgem''' lēgātōs mīsit}} = the Senate sent ambassadors to the king
:{{lang|la|cōnsul in '''urbem''' rediit}} = the consul returned to the city

Another use of the accusative is to give a length of time or distance:
:{{lang|la|rēgnāvit '''annōs''' quīnque}} = he reigned for five years
:{{lang|la|quīnque '''pedēs''' longus}} = five foot tall

====Genitive====
A [[genitive]] noun can represent possession or relationship:
:{{lang|la|'''rēgis''' fīlia}} = the king's daughter, daughter of the king

A genitive noun can stand for the object of mental processes such as {{lang|la|misereor}} "I pity" and {{lang|la|oblīvīscor}} "I forget":{{sfn|Gildersleeve|Lodge|1903|pp=240-242}}
:{{lang|la|numquam oblīvīscar '''noctis illīus'''}} = I will never forget that night<ref>Cicero, ''Planc.'' 101.</ref>

A genitive noun attached to a verbal noun can stand for the object of the implied verb (called an "objective genitive"):
:{{lang|la|maximī '''virī''' dēsiderium}} = my longing for the great man<ref>Pliny the Younger, ''Ep.'' 6.11.1.</ref>

A genitive noun can stand for the subject of the implied verb (called a "subjective" genitive):{{sfn|Gildersleeve|Lodge|1903|pp=232-233}}
:{{lang|la|'''Caesaris''' adventus}} = Caesar's arrival

A frequent type of genitive is the partitive genitive, expressing the quantity of something:{{sfn|Gildersleeve|Lodge|1903|pp=235-237}}
:{{lang|la|satis '''temporis'''}} = enough time

====Dative====
The [[dative]] case means "to" or "for". It is frequently used with verbs of saying or giving: 
:{{lang|la|'''rēgī''' nūntiātum est}} = it was announced to the king
:{{lang|la|pecūniam '''rēgī''' crēdidit}} = he entrusted the money to the king

It can also be used with certain adjectives:
:{{lang|la|cārissimus erat '''rēgī'''}} = he was very dear to the king<ref>Curtius, 3.12.16.</ref>

It is also used with certain verbs such as {{lang|la|pāreō}} "I obey" or {{lang|la|persuādeō}} "I persuade":{{sfn|Kennedy|1962|p=123-127}}
:{{lang|la|pāruit '''rēgī'''}} = he was obedient to (i.e. obeyed) the king

There are also various idiomatic uses, such as the dative of possession:
:{{lang|la|quid est '''tibī''' nōmen?}} = what's your name?<ref>Plautus, ''Pseudolus'' 634.</ref>

====Ablative====
The [[ablative]] case can mean "with", especially when the noun it refers to is a thing rather than a person:{{sfn|Kennedy|1962|p=128-132}}
:{{lang|la|'''gladiō''' sē transfīgit}} = he stabbed himself with a sword

Often a phrase consisting of a noun plus participle in the ablative can express time or circumstance. This is known as an "ablative absolute":{{sfn|Kennedy|1962|p=130}}
:{{lang|la|'''rēgibus''' exāctīs}} = with the kings driven out, i.e. after the kings were driven out

It is also frequently used with prepositions, especially those meaning "from", "with", "in", or "by":
:{{lang|la|ūnus ē '''rēgibus'''}} = one from (i.e. one of) the kings
:{{lang|la|cum '''rēgibus'''}} = with the kings
:{{lang|la|ā '''rēgibus'''}} = by the kings, from the kings
:{{lang|la|prō '''rēge'''}} = for/on behalf of the king

Another use is in expressions of time and place (except those that give the length of time or distance):
:{{lang|la|'''eō tempore'''}} = at that time
:{{lang|la|'''hōc locō'''}} = at this place
:{{lang|la|'''paucīs diēbus'''}} = in a few days

The ablative can also mean "from", especially with place names:{{sfn|Kennedy|1962|p=128}}
:{{lang|la|'''Rōmā''' profectus est}} = he set out from Rome
:{{lang|la|'''locō''' ille mōtus est}} = he was dislodged from his position

====Locative====
The [[locative]] is a rare case used only with names of cities, small islands, and one or two other words such as ''domus'' "home". It means "at" or "in":{{sfn|Kennedy|1962|p=132}}
:{{lang|la|cōnsul alter '''Rōmae''' mānsit}} = one of the two [[consul]]s remained in Rome<ref>Livy, 2.33.4.</ref>
:{{lang|la|multōs annōs '''nostrae domī''' vīxit}} = he lived at our house for many years<ref>Cicero, ''Tusc. Disp.'' 5.113.</ref>