Editing Lakeview, Oregon (section)

== History ==
[[Native Americans in the United States|Native Americans]] occupied the area around Lakeview as early as 14,000 years ago, as evidenced by [[Artifact (archaeology)|artifact]]s found in the [[Paisley Caves]] north of Lakeview.<ref>[http://newswise.com/articles/view/539341/ "Researchers, Led by Archaeologist, Find Pre-Clovis Human DNA"], ''Newswise'', University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, April 3, 2008.</ref><ref name="OBB">[https://sos.oregon.gov/archives/records/county/Pages/lake-history.aspx "Lake County History"], Oregon Historical County Records Guide, ''Oregon Blue Book'', State Archives Division, Oregon Secretary of State, Salem, Oregon, July 19, 2014.</ref>  European explorers came through the Goose Lake Valley, [[Shoshoni language|Shoshone]]-speaking people were living in the area.<ref>Bach, Melva M., [http://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/jspui/bitstream/1957/12037/1/Part%20I.pdf "Snake Indians and Early Explorers"] (PDF), ''History of the Fremont National Forest'', Fremont National Forest, United States Forest Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Lakeview, Oregon, 1981, p. 3.</ref>

In 1827, [[Peter Skene Ogden]] led a brigade of [[Hudson's Bay Company]] trappers through the Goose Lake Valley.  He was followed in 1832 by [[John Work (fur trader)|John Work]] and his trappers. Work noted the hot springs north of Goose Lake (now called [[Hunter's Hot Springs (Oregon)|Hunter's Hot Springs]]) in his journal.  The hot springs are approximately {{convert|2|mi|km}} north of the Lakeview town site.<ref name="NL">Lund, Norma, [https://web.archive.org/web/20070818000711/http://www.lakecountymuseum.com/Local%20History/timeline.html "Local History Time Line"], Lake County Museum, Lakeview, Oregon, January 30, 2007.</ref><ref>Bach, Melva M., [http://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/jspui/bitstream/1957/12037/1/Part%20I.pdf "John Work"] (PDF), ''History of the Fremont National Forest'', Fremont National Forest, United States Forest Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Lakeview, Oregon, 1981, p. 3.</ref>

In 1867 and 1868, General [[George Crook]] led [[United States Army]] units and Indian scouts from the Wasco and Warm Springs tribes in a successful campaign against Northern Paiute bands in Eastern Oregon and Northern [[California]].  This was part of the conflict known as the [[Snake War]].  Crook used [[Camp Warner]] as his supply depot and administrative headquarters.  The camp was abandoned in 1874.  Camp Warner was northeast of the site now known as Lakeview.<ref>Hart, Herbert M., ''Tour Guide to Old Western Forts'', Pruitt Publishing Company, Boulder, Colorado, 1980, pp. 137–138.</ref><ref>[http://www.idahohistory.net/Reference%20Series/0236.pdf "The Snake War, 1864-1868"] (PDF), ''Idaho State Historical Society Reference Series'' (Number 236), Idaho State Historical Society, Boise, Idaho, 1966.</ref><ref>Bourke, John G. (Captain, 3rd Cavalry, U.S.A), [http://digital.library.cornell.edu/cgi/t/text/pageviewer-idx?c=cent;cc=cent;rgn=full%20text;idno=cent0041-5;didno=cent0041-5;view=image;seq=00653;node=cent0041-5%3A1 "General Crook in the Indian Country"], ''The Century Magazine'' (Vol. XLI, No. 5), The Century Company, March 1891, pp. 644–649.</ref><ref>Ebstein, Fred. H. E. (Captain, 21st U.S. Infantry, U.S.A.), [https://web.archive.org/web/20080619233852/http://www.history.army.mil/books/R&H/R&H-21IN.htm "Twenty-First Regiment of Infantry"], ''The Army of the United States Historical Sketches of Staff and Line with Portraits of Generals-in-Chief'', edited by Philus Francis Rodenbough (Bvt Brigadier General, U.S.A.) and William Haskin (Major, 1st Artillery, U.S.A), Maynard, Merrill, and Company, New York, New York, 1896.</ref>

In 1869, [[M. W. Bullard]] settled along Bullard Creek at the mouth of Bullard Canyon at the northern end of the Goose Lake Valley.  This became the town of Lakeview. William Heryford brought cattle into the Goose Lake Valley in 1872.  In 1873, the area's first post office was opened at the Tenbrook Ranch, south of present-day Lakeview.<ref name="NL" /><ref>{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0TBEAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA844|title=An Illustrated History of Central Oregon: Embracing Wasco, Sherman, Gilliam, Wheeler, Crook, Lake, and Klamath Counties, State of Oregon|date=16 April 2018|publisher=Western Historical Publishing Company|access-date=16 April 2018|via=Google Books}}</ref>

Lake County was separated from Jackson County and Wasco County in 1874.  The temporary county seat was in Linkville (now [[Klamath Falls, Oregon]]).  In June 1876, an election was held to select a permanent county seat.  Prior to the election, W. M. Bullard offered to donate {{convert|20|acre|ha}} along Bullard Creek in the Goose Lake Valley as a site for the county courthouse.  In the election, "Bullard Creek" received 120 votes while Linkville got only 88 votes.  However, a majority of 384 votes was needed to determine the permanent county seat.  Bullard Creek fell short because many voters wrote in names like "Goose Lake", "Goose Lake Valley", "Bullard's ranch", or "Bullard's creek".  As a result, a second election was November 1876.  Prior to that election, the town of Lakeview was organized at a meeting of Goose Lake Valley residents.  The town site they selected was on Bullard Creek.  In the second election, the new town site of Lakeview replaced Linkville as Lake County's seat of government. After the election, Bullard donated {{convert|20|acre|ha}} for the county courthouse as promised.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Lake County history: The first 100 years |publisher=Lake County Historical Society |date=2008 |page=192}}</ref>  Bullard sold an additional {{convert|300|acre|ha}} to John A. Moon, who filed a town plat with the state of Oregon, officially creating the town of Lakeview.  The Lakeview post office was opened on December 8, 1876.<ref name="OBB"/><ref>McArthur, Lewis A. and Lewis L. McArthur, "Bullard Creek", ''Oregon Geographic Names'' (Seventh Edition), Oregon Historical Society Press, Portland, Oregon, 2003 (1928), p. 124.</ref><ref name="LAM">McArthur, Lewis A. and Lewis L. McArthur, "Lakeview", ''Oregon Geographic Names'' (Seventh Edition), Oregon Historical Society Press, Portland, Oregon, 2003 (1928), p. 557.</ref>

On May 22, 1900, a fire burned most of Lakeview.  There were no deaths, but 64 buildings were destroyed.  Only two business structures in the downtown area survived the fire.  However, the staff of the ''[[Lake County Examiner]]'' newspaper rescued enough equipment and material to publish a special edition the day after the fire.  Most of the town was rebuilt by October of that year.  The town's rapid recovery was due in large part to the financing and leadership provided by [[Bernard Daly]].<ref name="LAM" /><ref>Bach, Melva, [http://www.foresthistory.org/ASPNET/Publications/region/6/fremont/chap1.htm "Lakeview Burned, 1900"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140111032604/http://www.foresthistory.org/ASPNET/Publications/region/6/fremont/chap1.htm |date=2014-01-11 }}, ''History of the Fremont National Forest'', Fremont National Forest, United States Forest Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Bend, Oregon, 1990.</ref><ref>LaLande, Jeff and Allen Cain, [http://www.ohs.org/education/oregonhistory/historical_records/dspDocument.cfm?doc_ID=F2976147-B540-BAE5-46F263903C3840DD Biography of Daly] for ''The Oregon History Project'', [[Oregon Historical Society]], 2005.</ref><ref>Rabun, Sheila, [http://oregonnews.uoregon.edu/history/lakecountyexaminer/ "Lake County Examiner"], ''Historic Oregon Newspapers'', Oregon Digital Newspaper Program, University of Oregon Libraries, Eugene, Oregon, July 15, 2014.</ref>

The [[federal government]] established the [[Goose Lake Forest Reserve]] in 1906.  Later that year, the name was changed to ''Fremont National Forest Reserve'' to honor Captain [[John C. Fremont]], an explorer of the area in 1843.  In 1908, the [[Fremont National Forest]] was created, and is managed by the [[United States Forest Service]].  The forest headquarters was in Lakeview.<ref name="FWH">[http://www.fs.usda.gov/main/fremont-winema/learning/history-culture "Fremont National Forest (1908–2002)"], "History and Culture", Fremont–Winema National Forest, United States Forest Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Lakeview, Oregon, July 15, 2014.</ref><ref>Bach, Melva, [http://www.foresthistory.org/ASPNET/Publications/region/6/fremont/chap1.htm "Establishment of Goose Lake and Fremont Forest Reserves"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140111032604/http://www.foresthistory.org/ASPNET/Publications/region/6/fremont/chap1.htm |date=2014-01-11 }}, ''History of the Fremont National Forest'', Fremont National Forest, United States Forest Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Bend, Oregon, 1990.</ref>

[[File:Lake County Courthouse, Lakeview, Oregon, 1916.jpg|left|thumb|Second county courthouse, built in 1909]]
In 1909, the ''Oregon Valley Land Company'' conducted a week-long auction to dispose of land grants acquired from the construction of the [[Oregon Central Military Wagon Road]] in 1865 and 1869.  The auction was advertised nationwide.  The rural parcels also included a separate town lot in Lakeview. Thousands of people came to Lakeview for the auction, but others purchased plots sight-unseen. During the auction, a total of {{convert|340000|acre|ha}} were sold in approximately 14,000 parcels.  Few buyers moved onto the land they purchased.  Lake County used part of the taxes they collected from the sale to finance a new [[county courthouse]].  The new brick courthouse was built in the center of town, replacing the wooden building serving as the county court since 1876.<ref>Engeman, Richard, [http://www.ohs.org/education/oregonhistory/historical_records/dspDocument.cfm?doc_ID=616735EA-E420-FA29-64E2FB719C2FE069 "Lake County Courthouse, Lakeview"], ''The Oregon History Project'', Oregon Historical Society, Portland, Oregon, 2005.</ref><ref>Cooper, Forest E, ''Introducing Dr. Daly'', Lakeview Historical Society, Maverick Press, Bend, Oregon, 1986, p. 67.</ref>

In 1911, a [[narrow-gauge railway]] connected Lakeview with [[Reno]], [[Nevada]].  The [[Nevada-California-Oregon Railway]] operated the line until 1927, then it was sold to the [[Southern Pacific Railroad]].  Southern Pacific converted the track to [[standard gauge]].  The new standard rail connection prompted several [[sawmill]]s to operate in Lakeview, expanding the town's economic base.<ref>Engeman, Richard H., ''The Oregon Companion'', Timber Press, Portland, Oregon, 2009, pp. 210–211.</ref><ref>Cooper, Forrest, ''Introducing Dr. Daly'', Maverick Publications, Bend, Oregon, 1986, pp. 72–74.</ref>

[[File:Heryford Building, Lakeview, Oregon, 2001.jpg|left|thumb|Heryford Brothers Building, built in 1913]]

In 1913, William P. Heryford commissioned the construction of a three-story commercial building in downtown Lakeview, across the street from the Lake County courthouse. The [[Heryford Brothers Building]] cost approximately $100,000 to construct. After it was completed, the building was the largest and most expensive structure in Lakeview. It was also the most modern, with an electric generator, central steam-heat, elevators, electric lights, hot water, and telephones.<ref name="NHR">{{NRHP url|id=80003330|title="Heryford Brothers Building"}} (PDF), National Register of Historic Places Inventory – Nomination Form, Statewide Inventory of Historic Sites and Buildings, Oregon State Historic Preservation Office, Salem, Oregon, February 21, 1980.</ref><ref>Tonsfeldt, Ward, [http://www.oregon.gov/OPRD/HCD/OHC/docs/lake_lakeview_historiccontext.pdf?ga=t ''Historical Resource Survey of Lakeview, Oregon''] (PDF), study prepared for the Town of Lakeview Planning Office, Bend, Oregon, August 1, 1989, p. 16.</ref><ref>Bach, Melva M., [http://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/jspui/bitstream/1957/12037/1/Part%20I.pdf ''History of the Fremont National Forest''] (PDF), Fremont National Forest, United States Forest Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Lakeview, Oregon, 1981, p. 126.</ref>

By 1940, Lakeview had seven sawmills operating in town.  All of the mills had new [[Wood drying|dry kilns]] for year-around operations.  This increased winter employment opportunities in Lakeview, increasing economic stability in the community.  The number of sawmills decreased during [[World War II]], leaving only three by 1946.  That year, 39,000,000 board feet of timber was cut on the Fremont National Forest.  However, that national forest's timber harvest increased to 81,200,000 board feet per year by 1952.  To accommodate this increase, Lakeview's sawmills were expanded and modernized.  In the 1950s, the payrolls and income from Lakeview's sawmills accounted for more than half of the town's economy.<ref>Bach, Melva, [http://www.foresthistory.org/ASPNET/Publications/region/6/fremont/chap6.htm "Timber Companies"], Chapter 6:  The Forties, ''History of the Fremont National Forest'', Fremont National Forest, United States Forest Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Bend, Oregon, 1990.</ref><ref>Bach, Melva, [http://www.foresthistory.org/ASPNET/Publications/region/6/fremont/chap7.htm "Lakeview Federal Sustained Yield Unit"], Chapter 7:  The Fifties, ''History of the Fremont National Forest'', Fremont National Forest, United States Forest Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Bend, Oregon, 1990.</ref>

[[File:USGS geologic map of the Lakeview District.png|thumb|upright=1.5|[[Geological map]] of the Lakeview District, where Tb are [[Miocene]] [[basalt]] flows, and Qt are [[mine tailings]]. [[Uraninite]] and [[coffinite]] ore bodies occur in [[brecciated]] [[flow banding|flow-banded]] [[rhyolite]] associated with an [[intrusive rock|intrusive]] [[dome (geology)|dome]].<ref name="Nash">{{cite book|last1=Nash|first1=J. Thomas|title=Volcanogenic Uranium Deposits: Geology, Geochecmical Processes, and Criteria for Resource Assessment, USGS Open-File Report 2010-1001|date=2010|publisher=USGS|location=Reston|pages=15–16}}</ref>]]
In the mid-1950s, [[uranium]] mining claims were filed in the mountains north of Lakeview. However, only two mines, ''White King'' and ''Lucky Lass'', were developed. In 1958, the [[Lakeview Mining Company]] uranium processing plant was built on the outskirts of Lakeview.  The mill had the capacity to process 210 tons of uranium ore daily.  The mill employed 50 people; another 120 people were employed at the two mines.<ref>{{cite book |url=http://www.foresthistory.org/ASPNET/Publications/region/6/fremont/chap7.htm |chapter=The Fifties |title=History of the Fremont National Forest |author=Bach, Melva |publisher=Fremont National Forest, United States Forest Service, United States Department of Agriculture |date=1990 |access-date=6 July 2020 |archive-date=28 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140728185022/http://www.foresthistory.org/ASPNET/Publications/region/6/fremont/chap7.htm}}</ref>  The uranium plant closed in 1961.<ref>[http://www.lm.doe.gov/Lakeview/lakeview-factsheet.pdf "Site Description and History"] (PDF), ''Lakeview, Oregon, Processing and Disposal Sites'', Office of Legacy Management, United States Department of Energy, Grand Junction, Colorado, April 5, 2009.</ref>

In 1985, Southern Pacific announced they planned to abandon their spur line to Lakeview.  However, the company continued to operate the line until it was purchased by Lake County in January 1986.  Lake County contracted operation of the line to [[Great Western Railway]].  In 1996, Lake County took over the railroad operation, then renamed it the [[Lake County Railroad]].  From 2007, the [[Modoc Northern Railroad]] leased the line from the county.  In 2009, ''Frontier Rail'' operated the line under the name ''Lake Railroad''.<ref name="HDR">Moore, Jeff, [http://www.trainweb.org/highdesertrails/lcr.html "Lake County Railroad"], ''High Desert Rails'', hosted by ''TrainWeb'', American Passenger Rail Heritage Foundation, La Plata, Missouri, July 19, 2014.</ref>