Editing 1882 (section)

== Events ==

=== January&ndash;March ===
* [[January 2]]
** The [[Standard Oil]] [[Trust (business)|Trust]] is secretly created in the United States to control multiple corporations set up by [[John D. Rockefeller]] and his associates.<ref>{{cite book|first1=David O.|last1=Whitten|first2=Bessie Emrick|last2=Whitten|title=Handbook of American Business History: Manufacturing|url=https://archive.org/details/extractivesmanuf00whit|url-access=limited|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|year=1990|page=[https://archive.org/details/extractivesmanuf00whit/page/n196 182]}}</ref> 
** Irish-born author [[Oscar Wilde]] arrives in New York at the beginning of a lecture tour of the United States and Canada.<ref>{{cite book|first=Norman|last=Page|title=An Oscar Wilde Chronology|publisher=Macmillan|year=1991|page=17}}</ref>
* [[January 5]] &ndash; [[Charles J. Guiteau]] is found guilty of the [[assassination of James A. Garfield]] (President of the United States) and sentenced to death, despite an [[insanity defense]] raised by his lawyer.<ref>{{cite book|first=John W.|last=Johnson|title=Historic U.S. Court Cases|publisher=Taylor & Francis|location=U.S.|year=2001|page=54}}</ref>
* [[January 12]] &ndash; [[Holborn Viaduct power station]] in the City of London, the world's first coal-fired public electricity generating station, begins operation.<ref>{{cite journal|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bfVKt7UzjnEC&pg=PA89|journal=[[New Scientist]]|location=London|title=The electricity of Holborn|first=Jack|last=Harris|date=1982-01-14|access-date=April 14, 2017|archive-date=February 4, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230204142006/https://books.google.com/books?id=bfVKt7UzjnEC&pg=PA89|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* [[February 3]] &ndash; American showman [[P. T. Barnum]] acquires the elephant [[Jumbo]] from the [[London Zoo]].
* [[March 2]] &ndash; [[Roderick Maclean]] fails in an attempt to assassinate [[Queen Victoria]], at [[Windsor, Berkshire|Windsor]].
* [[March 18]] (March 6 [[Old Style]]) &ndash; The [[Principality of Serbia]] becomes the [[Kingdom of Serbia]] following a proclamation.
* [[March 20]] &ndash; British gunboats enter [[Monrovia]], with [[Arthur Havelock]] demanding that [[Liberia]] cede disputed territory to the British colony of [[Sierra Leone]], of which he is Governor.
* [[March 22]] &ndash; [[Polygamy]] is made a felony by the [[Edmunds Act]], passed by the [[United States Congress]].
* [[March 24]] &ndash; [[Robert Koch]] announces the discovery of the [[bacterium]] responsible for [[tuberculosis]] (''[[Mycobacterium tuberculosis]]'').
* [[March 28]]
** Republican [[Jules Ferry]] makes primary education in France free, non-clerical (''laique'') and obligatory.
** German medical products company ''[[Beiersdorf]]'' is founded.
* [[March 29]] &ndash; The [[Knights of Columbus]], a [[Catholic Church|Catholic]] [[fraternal service organization]], is founded in [[New Haven, Connecticut]].

=== April&ndash;June ===
* [[April 3]] &ndash; [[Old West]] outlaw [[Jesse James]] is shot in the back of the head and killed by [[Robert Ford (outlaw)|Robert Ford]] in [[St. Joseph, Missouri]].
* [[April 29]] &ndash; The [[Elektromote]], the world's first [[trolleybus]], begins operation in [[Berlin]].
* [[May 1]]
** The [[Berlin Philharmonic]] orchestra is founded in Germany, as ''Frühere Bilsesche Kapelle''.
** [[Édouard Manet]] exhibits his painting ''[[A Bar at the Folies-Bergère]]'' at the [[Paris Salon]].
* [[May 2]] &ndash; The [[Kilmainham Treaty]], an agreement between the British government and [[Irish nationalism|Irish nationalist]] leader [[Charles Stewart Parnell]] to abate tenant rent arrears, is announced; Parnell is released from [[Kilmainham Gaol]] in [[Dublin]].
* [[May 6]] &ndash; [[Phoenix Park Murders]] in Ireland: [[Lord Frederick Cavendish]], the newly appointed [[Chief Secretary for Ireland]], and [[Thomas Henry Burke (civil servant)|Thomas Henry Burke]], his Permanent Undersecretary, are fatally stabbed in [[Phoenix Park]], Dublin, by members of the [[Irish National Invincibles]] (militant Irish republicans).
* [[May 8]] &ndash; The [[Chinese Exclusion Act]] is the first law which restricts immigration into the United States.
* [[May 18]] &ndash; [[Burnley F.C.]] in Northern England changes codes, from [[rugby football]] to [[association football]].
* [[May 20]] &ndash; The [[Triple Alliance (1882)|Triple Alliance]] is formed between Germany, [[Austria-Hungary]] and Italy.
* [[June]]
** [[Ferdinand von Lindemann]] publishes his proof of the [[transcendental number|transcendentality]] of [[pi]].
** [[St Andrew's Ambulance Association]] is founded in [[Glasgow]], Scotland; [[St. John Ambulance Canada]] is also founded this year.
* [[June 6]]
** Supposedly, the [[Bombay Cyclone of 1882]] in the [[Arabian Sea]] causes flooding in [[Bombay]] harbor, leaving about 100,000 dead; this alleged event has, however, been proved a hoax.
** [[Battle of Embabo]]: The [[Shewa]]n forces of [[Menelik II]] defeat the [[Gojjam]]e army.
* [[June 11]] &ndash; The [['Urabi revolt]] breaks out in [[Egypt]] against [[Khedive]] [[Tewfik Pasha]] and European influence in that country.
* [[June 28]] &ndash; The [[Anglo-French Convention of 1882]] is signed, marking territorial boundaries between [[Guinea]] and [[Sierra Leone]].
* [[June 30]] &ndash; U.S. presidential assassin [[Charles J. Guiteau]] is hanged in Washington, D.C.

=== July&ndash;September ===
* [[July 11]]–[[July 13|13]] &ndash; [[Anglo-Egyptian War]]: The British [[Mediterranean Fleet]] carries out the [[Bombardment of Alexandria]], its forces capturing the city of [[Alexandria]], [[Egypt]], and securing the [[Suez Canal]].
* [[July 23]] &ndash; The [[Imo Incident]] occurs in [[Seoul]], Korea, as a result of bad rations and late payment for soldiers of the [[Joseon Army]].
* [[July 26]]
** [[Boer]]s establish the republic of [[Stellaland]] in southern Africa.
** [[Richard Wagner]]'s [[opera]] ''[[Parsifal]]'' debuts, at the [[Bayreuth Festspielhaus]] in [[Kingdom of Bavaria|Bavaria]].
* [[July 31]] &ndash; The Hebrew [[Moshava]] of [[Rishon LeZion]] in Palestine is founded.
* [[August 3]] &ndash; The [[U.S. Congress]] passes the [[1882 Immigration Act]].
* [[August 5]] &ndash; [[Standard Oil of New Jersey]], the company later known as [[ExxonMobil]], is established.
* [[August 18]] &ndash; The [[Married Women's Property Act 1882]] receives royal assent in Britain; it enables women to buy, own and sell property, and to keep their own earnings.
* [[August 20]] &ndash; [[Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky]]'s ''[[1812 Overture]]'' debuts in Moscow.
* [[August 29]] &ndash; The [[Australian cricket team]] historically defeats [[England cricket team|England]] at [[The Oval]] for the first time on English soil, a humiliation for the English and the origin for the [[The Ashes|Ashes]] test series.
* [[September 4]] &ndash; [[Thomas Edison]] flips the switch to the first commercial electrical power plant in the United States, lighting one square mile of [[lower Manhattan]]. This is considered by many as the day that begins the electrical age.
* [[September 5]] 
**The first United States [[Labor Day]] parade is held in New York City.
**[[Tottenham Hotspur F.C.]] is founded (as Hotspur F.C.) in London.
* [[September 13]]
**[[Anglo-Egyptian War]]: British troops occupy [[Cairo]], and [[Egypt]] becomes a British [[protectorate]].
**[[Selwyn College, Cambridge]], is founded after [[Queen Victoria]] grants a Charter of Incorporation. 
[[File:Great Comet of 1882.jpg|thumb|100px|right|Photograph of the comet as seen from [[Cape Town]] by David Gill]]
* [[September 18]] &ndash; [[Great Comet of 1882]]: Her Majesty's Astronomer at the Cape, David Gill, reports watching the comet rise a few minutes before the Sun, describing it as "The nucleus was then undoubtedly single, and certainly rather under than over 4″ in diameter; in fact, as I have described it, it resembled very much a star of the 1st magnitude seen by daylight."

=== October&ndash;December ===
* [[October 5]] &ndash; [[Ethical movement|The Society for Ethical Culture of Chicago]] (the modern-day Ethical Humanist Society of Chicago) is founded by [[Felix Adler (professor)|Felix Adler]].
* [[October 10]] &ndash; The [[Bank of Japan]] opens in [[Tokyo City]].
* [[October 14]] &ndash; The [[University of the Punjab]] at Lahore (Undivided India), is founded in modern-day [[Pakistan]].
* [[October 16]] &ndash; The [[New York, Chicago and St. Louis Railroad]] ("Nickel Plate Road") runs its first trains over the entire system between [[Buffalo, New York]], and Chicago. Nine days later the [[Seney Syndicate]] sells the road to [[William Henry Vanderbilt]], for US$7.2&nbsp;million.
* [[October 21]] &ndash; [[Waseda University]] is founded by [[Shigenobu Ōkuma]] in [[Japan]] as Tokyo Specializing School.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History |url=https://www.waseda.jp/top/en/about/history-2 |access-date=2022-03-05 |website=Waseda University |language=en |archive-date=October 27, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027002252/https://www.waseda.jp/top/en/about/history-2 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* [[November 2]] &ndash; The [[Great Fire of Oulu (1882)|Great Fire of Oulu]] destroys 27 buildings in the downtown of [[Oulu]], [[Finland]].<ref>Kustaa Hautala: Oulun kaupungin historia IV (Kirjapaino Oy Kaleva, 1976, Oulu) {{ISBN|951-9327-00-2}} p. 319-323 (in Finnish)</ref>
* [[November 14]] &ndash; [[Franklyn Leslie]] shoots [[Billy Claiborne]] dead in the streets of [[Tombstone, Arizona]].
* [[November 16]] &ndash; The British [[Royal Navy]]'s {{HMS|Flirt}} destroys Abari village in [[Niger]].
* [[December]] &ndash; [[Zikhron Ya'akov]] is founded in northern Israel.
* [[December 6]] &ndash; A [[Transit of Venus, 1882|transit of Venus]], the last until [[2004]], occurs.

=== Date unknown ===
* The first [[International Polar Year]], an international scientific program, begins.
* [[Zulu people|Zulu]] king [[Cetshwayo kaMpande]] returns to South Africa from England.
* A peace treaty is signed between [[Paraguay]] and [[Uruguay]].
* [[Pogrom]]s in [[Southern Federal District|Southern Russia]] end.
* [[Nikola Tesla]] claims this is when he conceives the [[rotating magnetic field]] principle, which he later uses to invent his [[induction motor]].
* The British [[Chartered Institute of Patent Attorneys|Chartered Institute of Patent Agents]] (the modern-day Chartered Institute of Patent Attorneys) is founded.
* [[Redruth]] Mining School opens in [[Cornwall]].
* The [[Personal Liberty League]] is established to oppose the [[temperance movement in the United States]].
* [[Carolyn Merrick]] is elected president of the [[Woman's Christian Temperance Union]] in the United States.
* Founding of the following sports clubs:
** [[Albion Rovers F.C.]] (through the amalgamation of two [[Coatbridge]] clubs, Albion and Rovers) in the urban west of Scotland;
** Christchurch Rangers, the earliest predecessor of [[Queens Park Rangers F.C.]], in London;
** [[Glentoran F.C.]] in [[Belfast]] in the north of Ireland;
** [[Thames Ditton Lawn Tennis Club]], the oldest lawn tennis club still on its original site, in the outer London suburbs;
** [[Waterloo F.C.]], a [[rugby union]] club, as Serpentine on [[Merseyside]] in the north of England.