Editing 1532 (section)

== Events ==

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=== January&ndash;March ===
* [[January 22]] &ndash; [[São Vicente, São Paulo|São Vicente]] is established as the first permanent [[Portugal|Portuguese]] settlement in [[Brazil]].<ref name="Lawrence183">[[#Lawrence69|Rachel Lawrence]]: 2010, Page  183</ref>
* [[February 12]] &ndash; ''[[The Deceived Ones]]'' (''Gl'ingannati''), a stage comedy written collectively by the ''[[Accademia degli Intronati]]'' in [[Siena]], makes its debut as part of the festivities of the Italian city's annual carnival.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Clubb|first1=Louise George|title=Pollastra and the origins of Twelfth night : Parthenio, commedia (1516) with an English translation|date=2010|publisher=Ashgate|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=97zE6mcSBWsC&pg=PA1|location=Farnham, Surrey, England|isbn=9780754668909}}</ref>
* [[February 24]] &ndash; [[William Warham]], the 81-year-old Roman Catholic [[List of archbishops of Canterbury|Archbishop of Canterbury]], publicly declares that he is disasocciating himself from all acts of the English Parliament that are prejudicial to papal authority.<ref name=Oaths>Jonathan Gray, ''Oaths and the English Reformation'' (Cambridge University Press, 2013) p.100</ref>
* [[March 18]] &ndash; The [[Supplication against the Ordinaries]] is presented to [[Henry VIII]] by [[Thomas More]] the [[List of speakers of the House of Commons of England|Speaker of the House of Commons]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Elton |first1=G.R. |title=Studies in Tudor and Stuart Politics and Government: Papers and Reviews 1946–1972: Volume 2: Parliament Political Thought |date=1974 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-53319-5 |pages=107–136 |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/studies-in-tudor-and-stuart-politics-and-government/commons-supplication-of-1532-parliamentary-manoeuvres-in-the-reign-of-henry-viii/4FD65F87B3FEDE096C4C3E6B190B8E34 |access-date=13 August 2023 |chapter=The Commons' Supplication of 1532: Parliamentary Manoeuvres in the Reign of Henry VIII}}</ref> Henry responds by stating that the Commons could hardly expect such consideration after they refused to assent to the government's proposals. Shortly afterwards, Parliament is [[Prorogation in the United Kingdom|prorogued]] until April 10.

=== April&ndash;June ===
* [[April 27]] &ndash; The democratic government of the [[Republic of Florence]] in [[Italy]], in existence for more than 400 years since its founding in [[1115]], is abolished by order of [[Pope Clement VII]] in order for a hereditary, and absolute, monarchy to be established.<ref>Kenneth Gouwens and Sheryl E. Reiss, ''The Pontificate of Clement VII: History, Politics, Culture'' (Routledge, 2017)</ref> [[Alessandro de' Medici, Duke of Florence]], the illegitimate son of Pope Clement, is given full power and the Republic's parliament (the [[Signoria of Florence|Signoria]]) and the rule of the executive officer, the [[Gonfaloniere]], come to an end. 
* [[April]] &ndash; [[Battle of Quipaipan]] in [[Peru]]: [[Atahualpa]] wins the [[Inca Civil War|civil war]] in the [[Inca Empire]], defeating his brother [[Huáscar]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=de Velasco y Pérez Petroche |first1=Juan |title=Historia del reino de Quito en la América meridional. Tomo II. |date=1789 |publisher=Imprenta de Gobierno |pages=76–77 |url=https://archive.org/details/56663290HistoriaDelReinoDeQuitoEnLaAmericaMeridionalVol2/page/n79/mode/2up?q=civil |access-date=13 August 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Rincones |first1=Orlando |title=La colonización del Abya Yala y la conformación de un nuevo "modelo" de sociedad |journal=Integra Educativa |volume=5 |issue=3 |pages=221–232 |url=http://www.scielo.org.bo/pdf/rieiii/v5n3/v5n3a11.pdf |access-date=13 August 2023}}</ref>
* [[May 13]] &ndash; [[Francisco Pizarro]] lands on the northern coast of [[Peru]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Milton Meltzer|title=Francisco Pizarro: The Conquest of Peru|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YQMcQzjx_UwC&pg=PA50|year=2005|publisher=Marshall Cavendish|isbn=978-0-7614-1607-4|pages=50}}</ref>
* [[May 16]] &ndash; Sir [[Thomas More]] resigns as [[Lord Chancellor]] of [[Kingdom of England|England]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Logan |first1=George M. |title=The Cambridge Companion to Thomas More |date=27 January 2011 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-139-82848-2 |page=116 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=y5rDAyEoHyAC&pg=PA116 |access-date=14 August 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[June 25]] &ndash; [[Suleiman the Magnificent]] leads another invasion of [[Kingdom of Hungary|Hungary]].

=== July&ndash;September ===
* [[July 23]] &ndash; The [[Schmalkaldic League#Nuremberg Religious Peace|Nuremberg Religious Peace]] is granted to members of the Schmalkaldic League, granting them religious liberty.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=H3NBAAAAYAAJ&dq=%22The+formation+of+the+Smalcald+League+in+1531%22&pg=PA351 article on the Nuremberg Religious Peace], page 351 of the 1899 Lutheran Cyclopedia</ref>
* [[August 13]] &ndash; [[Union of Brittany and France]]: The [[Duchy of Brittany]] is absorbed into the [[Kingdom of France]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Harold Griffith Daniels|title=The Framework of France|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SBQgAAAAMAAJ|year=1937|publisher=Nisbet|page=52}}</ref>
* [[August 5]] &ndash; The [[siege of Kőszeg|siege of Güns]] in the Austrian Empire begins as the Ottoman army, under Sultan [[Suleiman the Magnificent]], attempts to take the city of Güns (now [[Kőszeg]] in [[Hungary]]) with 100,000 troops in order to mount a larger invasion of the Austrian city of [[Vienna]], capital of the [[Holy Roman Empire]]. The defenders, less than 800 Croatian soldiers commanded by [[Nikola Jurišić]], puts up a successful resistance despite being outnumbered by more than 100 to 1.<ref name=Wheatcroft>{{cite book |last=Wheatcroft |first=Andrew |title=The Enemy at the Gate: Habsburgs, Ottomans, and the Battle for Europe |publisher=Basic Books |year=2009 |page=59 |isbn=9780465013746 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/enemyatgatehabsb00whea_0 }}</ref>
* [[August 30]] &ndash; The [[siege of Güns]] fails as heavy rains and the arrival of reinforcements from [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor]] to supplement the Croatian defenders, causes Suleiman to retreat.<ref name=Wheatcroft/>
* [[September 1]] &ndash; [[Anne Boleyn]] is created [[Marquess of Pembroke]] by her fiancé, King [[Henry VIII of England]].<ref name="O'Day2012">{{cite book|author=Rosemary O'Day|title=The Routledge Companion to the Tudor Age|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PgKSouk9fHUC&pg=RA1-PA1589|date=26 July 2012|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-136-96253-0|pages=1589}}</ref>

=== October&ndash;December ===
* [[October 7]] &ndash; (9th waxing of Tazaungmon 894 ME) The Burmese monarch [[Min Bin]], [[List of Burmese monarchs|King of Arrakan]], leads a combined invasion force of 12,000 people (three armies of 11,000 men in a three-pronged attack, and a flotilla of war boats carrying 1,000 troops) in an invasion of  Bengal in India.
* [[November 16]] &ndash; [[Francisco Pizarro]] and his men capture [[Sapa Inca|Inca]] emperor [[Atahualpa]] at [[Cajamarca]], ambushing and slaughtering a large number of his followers, without loss to themselves.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Silberman |first1=Neil Asher |last2=Bauer |first2=Alexander A. |title=The Oxford Companion to Archaeology |date=November 2012 |publisher=OUP USA |isbn=978-0-19-973578-5 |page=87 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xeJMAgAAQBAJ&dq=Francisco+Pizarro+Atahualpa+Cajamarca+%2216+november+1532%22&pg=RA1-PA87 |access-date=14 August 2023 |language=en}}</ref> He subsequently offers a ransom of approximately $50 million in gold.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Roberts |first1=Jason C. |title=The Protection of Indigenous Populations' Cultural Property in Peru, Mexico and the United States |journal=Tulsa Journal of Comparative & International Law |date=1996|volume=4 |pages=327 |url=https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/tulcint4&div=21&id=&page= |access-date=14 August 2023}}</ref>
* [[December 1]] &ndash; (5th waxing of Pyatho 894 ME) The Burmese Army under [[Min Bin]] marches into [[Dhaka]], capital of Bengal without any resistance.
* [[December 4]] &ndash; A fire strikes the cathedral in [[Chambéry]], now a part of [[France]], but at the time a part of Italy's [[Duchy of Savoy]]. The fire burns several holes in the [[Shroud of Turin]], believed by some Roman Catholics to be the burial shroud of [[Jesus of Nazareth]] after the crucifixion, and to have a miraculous imprint of Jesus, but the shroud is repaired by nuns at the cathedral.
* [[December 20]] &ndash; The first payment for Atahualpa's ransom from the Spaniards is made as gold is delivered to [[Cuzco]] to fill up a room.

=== Date unknown ===
* ''[[The Prince]]'' is published, five years after the death of the author, [[Niccolò Machiavelli]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Robin Healey|title=Italian Literature Before 1900 in English Translation: An Annotated Bibliography, 1929-2008|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=38gBss-QJ9wC&pg=PA880|date=1 January 2011|publisher=University of Toronto Press|isbn=978-1-4426-4269-0|pages=880}}</ref>
* ''[[Gargantua and Pantagruel#Pantagruel|Pantagruel]]'' is published by [[François Rabelais]].<ref>{{cite book|author=John O'Brien|title=The Cambridge Companion to Rabelais|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ui96Eg11zCYC&pg=PA63|year=2011|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-86786-3|pages=63}}</ref>
* [[Henry VIII of England]] grants the Thorne brothers a Royal Charter to found [[Bristol Grammar School]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Brabner |first1=J. H. F. |title=The Comprehensive Gazetteer of England and Wales |date=1894 |publisher=W. Mackenzie |page=254 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HTSbDrY-zq4C&dq=henry+viii+thorne+royal+charter+bristol+grammar+school+%221532%22&pg=PA254 |access-date=14 August 2023 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The History of Bristol Grammar School |url=https://www.bristolgrammarschool.co.uk/about/history-of-bgs |website=Bristol Grammar School |access-date=14 August 2023}}</ref>
* [[Stamford School]] is founded in England by William Radcliffe.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Gardner |first1=Brian |title=The Public Schools: An Historical Survey |date=1973 |publisher=Hamilton |isbn=978-0-241-02337-2 |page=65 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EG2cAAAAMAAJ&q=%221532%22 |access-date=14 August 2023 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Stamford Endowed Schools |url=http://www.stamfordschoolsarchive.co.uk/ |website=www.stamfordschoolsarchive.co.uk |access-date=14 August 2023}}</ref>
* The [[Paris Parlement]] has the city's beggars arrested "to force them to work in the sewers, chained together in pairs".<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tK0vq3CUeU0C&pg=PA47|title=Madness and Civilization: A History of Insanity in the Age of Reason|first1=Michel|last1=Foucault|publisher=Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group|date=2013-01-30|page=47|isbn=9780307833105|access-date=2015-03-02}}</ref>
* Possible date for the [[Battle of the Maule]] between [[Inca Empire|Incas]] and [[Mapuche]]s, according to historian Osvaldo Silva.<ref name=Silva1983>{{cite journal|last1=Silva Galdames|first1=Osvaldo|year=1983|title=¿Detuvo la batalla del Maule la expansión inca hacia el sur de Chile?|url=https://revistas.uchile.cl/index.php/CDH/article/download/46464/48492|journal=Cuadernos de Historia|language=es|volume=3|pages=7–25|access-date=2019-01-10}}</ref></onlyinclude>