Transport in the Falkland Islands
Template:Short description Template:Use British English Template:Use dmy dates The Falkland Islands currently have three primary means of transport - road, sea and air. However, in 1946, when Sir Miles Clifford arrived as governor, there were no air services, no roads outside Stanley and an indifferent sea service. Sir Miles was instrumental in starting the Falkland Islands Government Air Service in December 1948. The inaugural flight involved a mercy flight from North Arm Settlement to Stanley to bring a girl with peritonitis to life-saving medical help in Stanley.<ref name=history>Template:Cite journal</ref> There is now an international airport, a domestic airport, a number of airstrips, a growing road network and a much-improved ferry service between the two main islands.
Road
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In 1982, the Falkland Islands had no roads outside Stanley, only tracks.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> By 2007, the Falkland Islands had a road network of Template:Convert with a further roads planned for construction link to all occupied mainland settlements by 2013.<ref>Template:Cite web Source uses metric units.</ref> In 2012, the Falkland Islands Government classified the Template:Convert road network - East Falkland Template:Convert and West Falkland Template:Convert - into "A" roads, "B" roads and "C" roads for purposes of Highways Asset Management Plan. The "A" roads are the Template:Convert link between Stanley and New Haven (East Falkland) and the Template:Convert link between Port Howard and Fox Bay (West Falkland).<ref>Template:Cite web Source uses metric units.</ref> All roads within Stanley are asphalted as are the ones at Mount Pleasant Airport (MPA). The road between Stanley and MPA is mostly gravel all-weather roads (as like the rest of the roads in the islands) with some short asphalted sections.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The road between Stanley and MPA has a large trench on either side, which will ground any vehicle driving into it. These trenches were allegedly dug deeper than they needed to be as annual rainfall was taken as a number for the monthly rainfall.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
Stanley has two taxi services which can be used for travel within the town and the surrounding areas. A variety of four-wheel drive vehicles can be hired in Stanley, which are essential for travel along unpaved roads that are potentially badly potholed.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref name = MoD>Template:Cite web</ref> A bus service ferries passengers between the main airport for international flights at Mount Pleasant and Stanley.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Bicycles can also be hired, though because of the unsealed roads and hilly terrain, these are more suitable for use around the Stanley area.<ref> Template:Cite web</ref>
Speed limits are 25 mph (40 km/h) in built-up areas and 40 mph (64 km/h) elsewhere.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Sea
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There are two seaports in the Falkland Islands, Stanley (East Falkland) and Fox Bay (West Falkland). Additionally, British forces in the islands use a port facility at Mare Harbour. The designated harbours in Stanley area include Berkeley Sound, Port William and Stanley Harbour itself.<ref>Falkland Islands Ports & Harbours: Information – 2010. Template:Webarchive</ref> Fox Bay is also a customs entry point for West Falkland. In 2020 the government awarded a contract to BAM Nuttall to design and build a new port for the Falklands.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The Falkland Islands do not have a merchant navy.
Since November 2008, a regular ferry service has linked the two main islands, carrying cars, passengers and cargo. The ferry, MV Concordia Bay, a 42.45 m twin-screw shallow draft (2.59 m) landing craft<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> runs between Port Howard in West Falkland and New Haven in East Falkland.<ref name=iguide>Template:Cite web</ref> She has a deck, 30 m in length and 10 m in width which is sufficient for 16 one-ten Land Rovers (or equivalent) and accommodation for 30 passengers. She also has a crane that is capable of lifting 10 tonnes at 7 m. She also visits some of the smaller islands.
Other smaller boats may be chartered in advance.
Tourist cruise ships often visit many of the islands, making use of inflatable boats where adequate docking facilities are not available.<ref name=iguide/>
Rail
[edit]A Template:Convert gauge railway, known as the Camber Railway, was built along the north side of Stanley Harbour in 1915-1916 and used until the 1920s. It was about Template:Convert long. The trackbed is still visible.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Air
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The Falkland Islands have two airports with paved runways. The main international airport is RAF Mount Pleasant, Template:Convert west of Stanley.<ref>Template:Cite web 43.28 km in source. </ref> LATAM Airlines operate weekly flights to Punta Arenas. Once a month, this flight also stops in Río Gallegos, Argentina.<ref>Template:Cite web </ref>
The Royal Air Force operates flights from RAF Mount Pleasant to RAF Brize Norton in Oxfordshire, England, with a refuelling stop at RAF Ascension Island. This service is called the South Atlantic Airbridge.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Bristow Helicopters also operate two Sikorsky S-92 helicopters, based at RAF Mount Pleasant, under contract to the United Kingdom Ministry of Defence, primarily for moving military personnel, equipment and supplies around the islands. Additionally, two AgustaWestland AW189 helicopters are operated from RAF Mount Pleasant by AAR Corp and Bristow in the search and rescue role.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
The smaller Port Stanley Airport, outside the city, is used mainly for internal flights. The Falkland Islands Government Air Service (FIGAS) operates Islander aircraft that can use the grass airstrips that most settlements have. Flight schedules are decided a day in advance according to passenger needs and the next day's timetable is published every evening. The schedules are based on three routes - a Northern Shuttle and the Southern Shuttle that each have one flight a day and the East - West Shuttle that has a morning and an evening flight every day.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
The British Antarctic Survey operates a transcontinental air link between Port Stanley Airport and the Rothera Research Station on the Antarctic Peninsula and servicing also other British bases in the British Antarctic Territory using a de Havilland Canada Dash 7.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>