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Tom Ford

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Thomas Carlyle Ford (born August 27, 1961) is an American fashion designer and filmmaker. He launched his eponymous brand in 2005, having previously been the creative director at Gucci and Yves Saint Laurent. Ford wrote and directed the films A Single Man (2009) and Nocturnal Animals (2016). From 2019 to 2022, he was chairman of the Council of Fashion Designers of America.

Early life

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Thomas Carlyle Ford was born on August 27, 1961, in Austin, Texas, the son of realtors Shirley Burton (née Shirley Ann Thrasher) and Thomas David Ford (1932–2020).<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Sharpe, Tom. "Ford: Santa Fe Is Home". Santa Fe New Mexican (November 10, 2005).</ref><ref name=dingus>Dingus, Anne. "Tom Ford". Texas Monthly (September 1998).</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> He spent his early life in the suburbs of Houston, Texas, and in San Marcos, outside Austin. He rearranged furniture in the house at 6, and gave his mother advice on her hair and shoes. His family moved to Santa Fe, New Mexico, when he was 11.<ref>Bonnin, Julie. "Tom Ford Gucci: One-time Central Texan becomes Gucci god". Austin American-Statesman (August 18, 1997).</ref> In Santa Fe, he entered St. Michael's High School and later moved to Santa Fe Preparatory School.<ref>Template:Cite news Alt URL</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

At age 16, he enrolled at Bard College at Simon's Rock, but quickly dropped out.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> He moved to New York City to study art history at New York University.<ref name=styleicon>"Style icon has ties to Santa Fe"Albuquerque Journal (January 11, 2002).</ref><ref>Porter, Charlie. "Paris Style". The Guardian (March 16, 2001).</ref> There he met Ian Falconer, who took him to Studio 54 for the first time.<ref name=":0">Template:Cite news</ref> Ford dropped out after a year, focusing on acting in television commercials.<ref name=dingus /><ref name=styleicon /><ref>Shaeffer, Brittany. "Ford Is Bigger, Louder Than Ever". New York Daily News (April 13, 2005).</ref>

Ford began studying interior architecture at The New School's art and design college, Parsons The New School for Design, in New York City.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> He continued to frequent Studio 54, where he realized he was gay.<ref>"Tom Ford: the hard-driven Texan behind the rebirth of Gucci". Agence France-Presse (April 12, 2005).</ref><ref>Frankel, Susannah. "A Bigger Splash". The Independent (January 16, 1999).</ref> The club's disco-era glamor would be a major influence on his later designs.<ref>Groskop, Viv. "Style King". Sunday Express (February 29, 2004).</ref><ref>Porter, Charlie. "End of designer era could see Ford and De Sole set up own label". The Guardian (November 5, 2003).</ref> Before his last year at New School, Ford spent a year and a half in Paris, where he worked as an intern in Chloé's press office, inspiring his interest in fashion.<ref>Template:Cite web Alt URL</ref><ref name=gucci>"Gucci uses its loafer". South China Morning Post (December 4, 1994).</ref> He spent his final year at The New School studying fashion, but graduated with a degree in architecture.<ref name=gucci /><ref>Luther, Marylou. "Cynicism key to fashion today, Ford says". The Plain Dealer (March 14, 1996).</ref>

Fashion career

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Early career

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When interviewing for jobs after graduation, Ford said that he had attended The New School's Parsons division, but concealed that he graduated in architecture,<ref name=gale /> and that his work at Chloé was a low-level public relations position. Despite his lack of experience in fashion, Ford called American designer Cathy Hardwick every day for a month in hopes of securing a job at her sportswear company. Hardwick eventually agreed to interview him. She later recalled the incident: "I had every intention of giving him no hope. I asked him who his favorite European designers were. He said, 'Armani and Chanel.' Months later I asked him why he said that, and he said, 'Because you were wearing something Armani.' Is it any wonder he got the job?" Ford worked as a design assistant for Hardwick for two years.<ref name=gale>"Tom Ford", Newsmakers (1999), Biography In Context, Gale, Detroit</ref>

In 1988, Ford moved to Perry Ellis,<ref name=gale /> where he knew both Robert McDonald, the company's president, and Marc Jacobs, its designer, socially. He worked at the company for two years, but grew tired of working in American fashion. In a later interview with The New York Times, he commented, "If I was ever going to become a good designer, I had to leave America. My own culture was inhibiting me. Too much style in America is tacky. It's looked down upon to be too stylish. Europeans, however, appreciate style."<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

At the time, Italian fashion house Gucci was struggling financially and was seeking to strengthen its women's ready-to-wear presence as a part of a brand overhaul. The company's creative director, Dawn Mello said, "no one would dream of wearing Gucci". In 1990, Mello hired Ford as the brand's chief women's ready-to-wear designer and Ford moved to Milan.<ref name=gale /> "I was talking to a lot of people, and most didn't want the job," Mello said. "For an American designer to move to Italy to join a company that was far from being a brand would have been pretty risky." Ford and his longtime partner, fashion journalist Richard Buckley, relocated to Milan that September.<ref name=gale />

Ford's role at Gucci rapidly expanded; he was designing menswear within six months, and shoes soon after that. When Richard Lambertson left as design director in 1992, Ford took over his position,<ref name=gale /> heading the brand's ready-to-wear, fragrances, image, advertising, and store design. In 1993, when he was in charge of designing eleven product lines, Ford worked eighteen-hour days. During these years, there were creative tensions between Ford and Maurizio Gucci, the company's chairman and 50% owner. According to Mello, "Maurizio always wanted everything to be round and brown, and Tom wanted to make it square and black." Though Maurizio Gucci wanted to fire Ford, Domenico De Sole insisted that he remain.<ref name=gale /> Nonetheless, Ford's work during the early 1990s was primarily behind the scenes; his contributions to Gucci were overshadowed by those of Mello, who was the company's public face.

Creative Director of Gucci and Saint Laurent

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File:Evening dress in Chinese dragon print satin by Tom Ford for Yves Saint Laurent Rive Gauche. Dress of the Year, 2004.jpg
Evening dress by Tom Ford for Yves Saint Laurent Rive Gauche. Selected as Dress of the Year for 2004

In 1994, Ford was promoted to Creative Director of Gucci. In his first year at the helm, he introduced Halston-style velvet hipsters, skinny satin shirts and car-finish metallic patent boots.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In 1995, he brought in French stylist Carine Roitfeld and photographer Mario Testino to create a series of new ad campaigns for the company.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Between 1995 and 1996, sales at Gucci increased by 90%. At one point, Ford was the largest individual shareholder of Gucci stock and options. By 1999, the house, which had been almost insolvent when Ford joined, was valued at more than $4 billion.<ref name=bof>Template:Cite news</ref>

When Gucci acquired the house of Yves Saint Laurent (YSL) in 1999, Ford was named Creative Director of that label as well.<ref name=time>Template:Cite news</ref> Saint Laurent did not hide his displeasure with Ford's designs, stating "The poor man does what he can."<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> During his time as creative director for YSL, Ford nonetheless won numerous Council of Fashion Designers of America Awards. Ford was able to pull the classic fashion house back into the mainstream.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> His advertising campaigns for the YSL fragrances Opium (with a red-haired Sophie Dahl naked wearing only a necklace and stiletto heels in a sexually suggestive pose)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> and YSL M7 (with martial arts champion Samuel de Cubber in complete full-frontal nudity)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> were controversial and provocative.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

In April 2004, Ford parted ways with the Gucci group after he and CEO Domenico de Sole, who is credited as Ford's partner in Gucci's success, failed to agree with Pinault Printemps Redoute's boss over control of the Group.<ref name=bof /><ref name=racked>Template:Cite news</ref> He has since referred to this experience as "devastating" and as a "midlife crisis" because he had "put everything into that for fifteen years".<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> When Ford left in 2004, Gucci Group was valued at $10 billion.<ref name=racked /> Four people were hired to split the work Ford had done.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Tom Ford label

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File:Tom Ford dress at the Met (52708).jpg
A dress Ford designed in 2018 in the Metropolitan Museum of Art exhibition In America: A Lexicon of Fashion
File:Tom Ford Shop.jpg
A Tom Ford boutique in Toronto

After leaving Gucci, Ford launched a line of menswear, beauty, eyewear, and accessories in 2006, named after himself. De Sole became chairman of the label.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Ford has described "the Tom Ford customer" as international, cultured, well-traveled, and possessing disposable income. For women, he added "strong women, … intelligent women who know their own style".<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

First Lady Michelle Obama wore an ivory floor-length evening gown designed by Ford to Buckingham Palace in 2011.<ref name=fashionista>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> He has also dressed Beyoncé, Jennifer Lopez, Gwyneth Paltrow, Anne Hathaway, Daniel Craig, Tom Hanks, Johnny Depp, Ryan Gosling, Will Smith, Julianne Moore, Hugh Jackman, Jon Hamm, and Henry Cavill.<ref name=vogue /><ref name=latimes>Template:Cite news</ref> Ford designed Daniel Craig's suits for his final four James Bond films: Quantum of Solace (2008), Skyfall (2012), Spectre (2015), and No Time to Die (2021).<ref name=vogue>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

In 2013, Ford was mentioned in Justin Timberlake's song "Suit & Tie", which was a collaboration with Jay-Z.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Ford created the suits, shirts, and accessories for the Grammy winning "Suit & Tie" music video.<ref name=latimes/> He went on to dress Timberlake's 20/20 Experience World Tour, designing over 600 pieces for the tour.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The same year, Jay-Z released a song titled "Tom Ford" with "Tom Ford" rapped numerous times within the song.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Ford responded that he was flattered and "it means that one has really penetrated and made an impact on popular culture."<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Following the song's release, Ford received a huge spike in online search engine queries.<ref name=latimes /><ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> The song would go on to sell over a million copies and become certified platinum.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

In November 2022, the Tom Ford brand was purchased by Estée Lauder for $2.8 billion.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Forbes estimated that Ford would earn $1.1 billion from the deal.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The following April, Ford stepped down as the brand's creative director and was succeeded by designer Peter Hawkings.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Controversies

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Ford has been criticized for using naked women in various ad campaigns. Various journalists asserted that the ads were vulgar, sexist, or objectified women. One ad featured a nude woman holding a bottle of the perfume between her legs. Another featured a naked woman ironing a man's pants while he read a newspaper. A separate ad was banned in Italy.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Responding to criticism that he objectified women, Ford stated he is an "equal opportunity objectifier" and is "just as happy to objectify men". He argued "you can't show male nudity in our culture in the way you can show female nudity" and pointed out that he did a male nude ad while at Yves Saint Laurent which got pulled.<ref name=hughes>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name=cnbc>Template:Cite news</ref>

In 2014, Ford released a new product, called the "Penis Pendant Necklace". The product caused some controversy, with Christians calling it offensive due to the pendant being shaped similar to a Christian cross or crucifix.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Ford replied that "it was not meant to be a cross, it was a phallus" and "people read into things what they want to".<ref name=cnbc />

In 2022, Ford criticized the Met Gala, stating the event had "turned into a costume party."<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Film career

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A Single Man

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File:ASingleManCastVenice66.jpg
Ford at the 66th Venice Film Festival, with A Single Man's Julianne Moore and Colin Firth, 2009

In March 2005, Ford announced the launch of his film production company, Fade to Black. In 2009 he made his directorial debut with A Single Man,<ref name=gale /> based on the novel of the same name by Christopher Isherwood. The drama stars Colin Firth as an LA-based college professor who is gay, alongside Julianne Moore, Nicholas Hoult and Matthew Goode. The novel was adapted by David Scearce and Ford; Ford was also one of the producers.

A Single Man premiered on September 11, 2009, at the 66th Venice International Film Festival, where it was nominated for top award the Golden Lion. Colin Firth was awarded the Volpi Cup as Best Actor for his performance. He won a BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role, and was nominated for an Academy Award,<ref>"Movie Guide" (February 12, 2010) Arlington Heights Daily Herald</ref> Golden Globe,<ref>"Saucy Globes heavy on dark, sober themes" (January 17, 2010) Doylestown Intelligencer</ref> Independent Spirit Award and Screen Actors Guild Award. The film won AFI Film of the Year and the GLAAD Media Award for Outstanding Film – Wide Release.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Other nominations for the film included two further Golden Globe categories: Julianne Moore for Best Supporting Actress, and Abel Korzeniowski for Best Original Score. At the Independent Spirit Awards, the film was nominated for Best First Feature and Best First Screenplay.<ref>"Spirit Awards 2010 | Tom Ford: 'I have always been obsessed by film.'", Indiewire, February 17, 2013. Template:Webarchive</ref> Ford and Scearce also received a nomination for Best Adapted Screenplay at the Broadcast Film Critics Association Awards.

Nocturnal Animals

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In 2015, Ford became attached to direct Nocturnal Animals, an adaptation of the Austin Wright novel Tony and Susan.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The film was released in 2016. Jake Gyllenhaal and Amy Adams played the lead roles of Tony and Susan,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> and Michael Shannon, Armie Hammer, Aaron Taylor-Johnson, and Isla Fisher co-starred.<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref><ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref><ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref>

The film received praise from critics, as well as winning the Grand Jury Prize at the Venice Film Festival. The film has an approval rating of 72% on Rotten Tomatoes, based on 143 reviews, with an average rating of 7.1/10, and the site's critical consensus reading: "Well-acted and lovely to look at, Nocturnal Animals further underscores writer-director Tom Ford's distinctive visual and narrative skill."<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Personal life

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Ford is openly gay, and married Richard Buckley in 2014, a journalist and former editor in chief of Vogue Hommes International; they had been in a relationship since meeting in 1986.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The couple have a son<ref name=time /> who was born in September 2012 via gestational surrogate.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The family lived in Italy, where Ford moved from New York in 1990,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> and in London for 17 years.<ref name=":0" /> They lived in his residences in New York, Los Angeles, Santa Fe,<ref name=":0" /> and London.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Ford and Buckley have owned smooth fox terriers, which have appeared on the runway and in his film A Single Man.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Ford also has two nephews and a niece, the children of his sister Jennifer.<ref>Template:Cite webTemplate:Cite web</ref>

Ford constructed a 24,000-acre private tract designed by Japanese architect Tadao Ando, in Santa Fe.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> It is called Cerro Pelon Ranch and has additional structures that were designed by Marmol Radziner. The property also has a fictional town known as Silverado that is used as a filming location for Western movies.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

He told Vogue he had adopted a vegan diet after viewing the Netflix documentary called What the Health.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> As of 2019, he has been a teetotaler and has been open about using fillers and Botox.<ref name=":0" />

He has said in multiple interviews that his first lover was the late artist Ian Falconer,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> who went on to write and illustrate the very popular Olivia the Pig children's book series. Ford maintains that he and Falconer remained good friends until Falconer's death in 2023; decades after their breakup, Ford lent Falconer's last name to the title character of his first movie, A Single Man<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> (in the source novel the character originally only had a first name).

Richard Buckley died on September 19, 2021, at the age of 72 after a long illness.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

In 2024, Ford purchased a mansion in London's Chelsea district for £80 million (approximately $104 million), which was the UK's most expensive residential real estate transaction of the year.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref name=":1">Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Ford's real estate portfolio is valued at over $300 million and includes properties such as the Hamptons estate once owned by Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis and a Palm Beach mansion.<ref name=":1" />

Politics

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Ford is a Democrat. He opposed the United States' invasion of Iraq in 2003, stating that it made him feel "ashamed to be an American". His comment drew public criticism within America.<ref name=hughes /> He hosted a fundraiser for Barack Obama.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> He voted for Hillary Clinton in the 2016 US general election.<ref>Template:Citation</ref>

Ford has advocated for federal recognition of same-sex marriage in the United States. In a 2009 interview, he said he preferred the term "civil partnership" for both opposite-sex and same-sex partnerships, and to leave "marriage" to religion to decide.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>

Ford maintains a policy of not dressing politicians regardless of party.Template:Citation needed

I think that whoever is the President, or the First Lady, should be wearing clothes at a price point that are accessible to most Americans, and wearing clothes made in America. My clothes are made in Italy, they're very, very expensive. I don't think most women or men in our country can relate to that, and I think the First Lady or the President should represent all people.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Ford considers "obsession with political correctness" as something which negatively impacts modern fashion designers. He has stated that "Cancel culture inhibits design because rather than feeling free, the tendency is to start locked into a set of rules. Everything is now considered appropriation. We used to be able to celebrate other cultures. Now you can't do that."<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Public image and legacy

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Ford has been included in several best-dressed lists, such as International Best Dressed List,<ref name=vanityfair /> The GuardianTemplate:-'s "The 50 best-dressed over-50s",<ref name=guardian /> and British GQTemplate:-'s "50 Best Dressed Men in Britain 2015".<ref name=britgq /> He was featured on the cover of the 2011 spring/summer issue of Another Man, giving his opinion on what makes the modern day gentleman.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> He has been called a "fashion icon"<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> and a "style icon",<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> and he was included in "All-TIME 100 Fashion Icons" list.<ref name=time2>Template:Cite magazine</ref> He won many awards including several VH1/Vogue Fashion Awards and Council of Fashion Designers of America (CFDA) Awards.<ref name=biography>Template:Cite web</ref> In 2014, the CFDA awarded him the Geoffrey Beene Lifetime Achievement Award.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

While Ford was in a monogamous relationship for many years, he "continue[d] to promote himself with a youthful and sexually charged image".<ref name=biography /> He is known for sexy clothes, making provocative statements, and creating racy advertisements.<ref name=guardian2>Template:Cite news</ref> Ford's designs convey a "sophisticated sex appeal"<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> and he has been credited for "bringing sexy back".<ref name=cbsnews>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> His advertisement campaigns have drawn controversy for use of nudity and "provocative sexual imagery".<ref name=hughes /><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Ford is also known to pose with celebrities and models in his ad campaigns.<ref name=cbsnews /> He has been called the "King of Sex" and "the straightest gay man in the world".<ref name=guardian2 />

Ford saved Gucci from near bankruptcy and transformed it into a fashion powerhouse.<ref name=racked /><ref name=encyclopedia.com>Template:Cite web</ref> His decade as the creative director was hailed as a "golden era" for Gucci.<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> He turned the brand around, replacing the "grunge look" with "sexy, yet sophisticated, clothes".<ref name=encyclopedia.com /><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> He is known for his bold designs.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The New York Magazine wrote "Every season, Ford created an 'It' piece, a must-have, a season-defining trend, photographed to death, knocked off ad nauseam."<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Ford says it is important for designers to be contemporary and current with the changing standard of beauty.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Archived at GhostarchiveTemplate:Cbignore and the Wayback MachineTemplate:Cbignore: Template:Cite webTemplate:Cbignore</ref>

In 2004, Ford published an eponymous monograph, detailing his early career and his design work for Gucci and Yves Saint Laurent from 1990 to 2004. In 2021, seventeen years later, Ford published a follow-up volume entitled Tom Ford 002, which described his career from 2005 including the creation of his own fashion label and the production of his two films. Both books are published by Rizzoli International Publications and co-authored by fashion journalist Bridget Foley, with forewords by Anna Wintour.

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In September 2013, hip-hop artist Jay-Z released the song "Tom Ford" as a single from his album Magna Carta Holy Grail. Ford responded favorably to the song saying, "Who would not be flattered to have an entire Jay-Z track named after them? I mean, [...] it's pretty rare that something like that happens. It's a kind of validation of one's work, as it means that one has really penetrated and made an impact on popular culture."<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The song was nominated for 56th Grammy Award for Best Rap Performance in 2014.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Tom Ford was referenced by Swedish rapper Bladee on his 2018 mixtape Icedancer.

In the 2021 film House of Gucci directed by Ridley Scott, Ford was portrayed by actor Reeve Carney.

Awards and nominations

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Ford has been recognized by important design and cultural councils worldwide, including the Cooper Hewitt Design Museum and Time.

Filmography

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Year Title Director Producer Writer
2009 A Single Man Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes
2016 Nocturnal Animals Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes

Acting role

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Year Title Role Notes
2001 Zoolander Tom Ford

Bibliography

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References

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