The Economist

The Economist is a British newspaper published weekly in printed magazine format and daily on digital platforms. It publishes stories on topics that include economics, business, geopolitics, technology and culture. Mostly written and edited in London,<ref name=peters/> it has other editorial offices in the United States and in major cities in continental Europe, Asia, and the Middle East.<ref name="isnewspaper"/><ref name=peters/> The newspaper has a prominent focus on data journalism and interpretive analysis over original reporting, to both criticism and acclaim.

Founded in 1843, The Economist was first circulated by Scottish economist James Wilson to muster support for abolishing the British Corn Laws (1815–1846), a system of import tariffs. Over time, the newspaper's coverage expanded further into political economy and eventually began running articles on current events, finance, commerce, and British politics. Throughout the mid-to-late 20th century, it greatly expanded its layout and format, adding opinion columns, special reports, political cartoons, reader letters, cover stories, art critique, book reviews, and technology features. The paper is recognisable by its fire engine red masthead (nameplate) and illustrated, topical covers. Individual articles are written anonymously, with no byline, in order for the paper to speak as one collective voice. It is supplemented by its sister lifestyle magazine, 1843, and a variety of podcasts, films, and books. It is considered a newspaper of record in the UK.<ref name="FrostWeingarten2017">Template:Cite book</ref>

The editorial stance of The Economist primarily revolves around classical, social, and most notably economic liberalism. It has supported radical centrism, favouring policies and governments that maintain centrist politics. The newspaper typically champions economic liberalism, particularly free markets, free trade, free immigration, deregulation, and globalisation. Despite a pronounced editorial stance, it is seen as having little reporting bias, and as exercising rigorous fact-checking and strict copy editing.<ref name="Pressman-2009">Template:Cite magazine</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Its extensive use of word play, high subscription prices, and depth of coverage has linked the paper with a high-income and educated readership, drawing both positive and negative connotations.<ref name=peters>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In line with this, it claims to have an influential readership of prominent business leaders and policy-makers.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

History

The Economist was founded by the British businessman and banker James Wilson in 1843, to advance the repeal of the Corn Laws, a system of import tariffs.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> A prospectus for the newspaper from 5 August 1843 enumerated thirteen areas of coverage that its editors wanted the publication to focus on:<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

1. Original leading articles, in which free-trade principles will be most rigidly applied to all the important questions of the day.
2. Articles relating to some practical, commercial, agricultural, or foreign topic of passing interest, such as foreign treaties.
3. An article on the elementary principles of political economy, applied to practical experience, covering the laws related to prices, wages, rent, exchange, revenue and taxes.
4. Parliamentary reports, with particular focus on commerce, agriculture and free trade.
5. Reports and accounts of popular movements advocating free trade.
6. General news from the Court of St James's, the Metropolis, the Provinces, Scotland, and Ireland.
7. Commercial topics such as changes in fiscal regulations, the state and prospects of the markets, imports and exports, foreign news, the state of the manufacturing districts, notices of important new mechanical improvements, shipping news, the money market, and the progress of railways and public companies.
8. Agricultural topics, including the application of geology and chemistry; notices of new and improved implements, state of crops, markets, prices, foreign markets and prices converted into English money; from time to time, in some detail, the plans pursued in Belgium, Switzerland, and other well-cultivated countries.
9. Colonial and foreign topics, including trade, produce, political and fiscal changes, and other matters, including exposés on the evils of restriction and protection, and the advantages of free intercourse and trade.
10. Law reports, confined chiefly to areas important to commerce, manufacturing, and agriculture.
11. Books, confined chiefly, but not so exclusively, to commerce, manufacturing, and agriculture, and including all treatises on political economy, finance, or taxation.
12. A commercial gazette, with prices and statistics of the week.
13. Correspondence and inquiries from the newspaper's readers.

Wilson described it as taking part in "a severe contest between intelligence, which presses forward, and an unworthy, timid ignorance obstructing our progress", a phrase which still appears on its imprint (US: masthead) as the publication's mission.<ref name="opinion">Template:Cite news</ref> It has long been respected as "one of the most competent and subtle Western periodicals on public affairs".<ref name="Leites">Template:Cite journalTemplate:Subscription required</ref> It was cited by Karl Marx in his formulation of socialist theory because Marx felt the publication epitomised the interests of the bourgeoisie.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> He wrote that "the London Economist, the European organ of the aristocracy of finance, described most strikingly the attitude of this class."<ref>Karl Marx, The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte, VI (1852)</ref> In 1915, revolutionary Vladimir Lenin referred to The Economist as a "journal that speaks for British millionaires".<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Additionally, Lenin stated that The Economist held a "bourgeois-pacifist" position and supported peace out of fear of revolution.<ref>Template:Cite book First published in Sotsial-Demokrat, No. 41, 1 May 1915.</ref>

In the currency disputes of the mid-nineteenth century, the journal sided with the Banking School against the Currency School. It criticised the Bank Charter Act 1844 which restricted the amount of bank notes that the Bank of England could issue on the basis of Currency School policy encouraged by Lord Overstone, that eventually developed into monetarism. It blamed the 1857 financial crisis in Britain on 'a certain class of doctrinaires' who 'refer every commercial crisis and its disastrous consequences to "excessive issues of bank notes".<ref name="The Economist-2">The Economist. 28 November 1857. p. 1313.</ref><ref name="Read-2022">Template:Cite book</ref> It identified the causes of the financial crisis as variations in interest rates and a build-up of excess financial capital leading to unwise investments.<ref name="The Economist-2" /><ref name="Read-2022" />

File:The Economist 2019 1 o.jpg

A panel of journalists and public policy leaders at The EconomistTemplate:'s 2019 India Summit

In 1920, the paper's circulation rose to 6,170. In 1934, it underwent its first major redesign. The current fire engine red nameplate was created by Reynolds Stone in 1959.<ref name="About us" /> In 1971, The Economist changed its large broadsheet format into a smaller magazine-style perfect-bound formatting.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In 1981 the publication introduced a North American edition after publishing the British edition since 1843; its circulation had increased more than tenfold by 2010.<ref name="peters" /> In January 2012, The Economist launched a new weekly section devoted exclusively to China, the first new country section since the introduction of one on the United States in 1942.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

In 1991, James Fallows argued in The Washington Post that The Economist used editorial lines that contradicted the news stories they purported to highlight.<ref name="fallows" /> In 1999, Andrew Sullivan complained in The New Republic that it uses "marketing genius"<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> to make up for deficiencies in original reporting, resulting in "a kind of Reader's Digest"<ref name="The New Republic-1999">Template:Cite magazine</ref> for America's corporate elite.<ref name="The New Republic-1999" /><ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> The Guardian wrote that "its writers rarely see a political or economic problem that cannot be solved by the trusted three-card trick of privatisation, deregulation and liberalisation".<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

In 2005, the Chicago Tribune named it the best English-language paper noting its strength in international reporting where it does not feel moved to "cover a faraway land only at a time of unmitigated disaster" and that it kept a wall between its reporting and its more conservative editorial policies.<ref>Entertainment: 50 Best Magazines, Chicago Tribune, 15 June 2006.</ref> In 2008, Jon Meacham, former editor of Newsweek and a self-described "fan", criticised The EconomistTemplate:'s focus on analysis over original reporting.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In 2012, The Economist was accused of hacking into the computer of Justice Mohammed Nizamul Huq of the Bangladesh Supreme Court, leading to his resignation as the chairman of the International Crimes Tribunal.<ref name="ICTleaks">Template:Cite magazine</ref><ref name="ICTleaks1">Template:Cite web</ref> In August 2015, Pearson sold its 50% stake in the newspaper to the Italian Agnelli family's investment company, Exor, for £469 million (US$531 million) and the paper re-acquired the remaining shares for £182 million ($206 million).<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="West">Template:Cite news</ref>

Fossil fuel advertising

An investigation by the Intercept, the Nation, and DeSmog found that The Economist is one of the leading media outlets that publishes advertising for the fossil fuel industry. Journalists who cover climate change for The Economist are concerned that conflicts of interest with the companies and industries that caused climate change and obstructed action will reduce the credibility of their reporting on climate change and cause readers to downplay the climate crisis.<ref name="intercept20231205">Template:Cite news</ref>

Organisation

The Economist is a member of the Economist Group.

Shareholders

File:Economist building London1.jpg

City of Westminster's Smithson Plaza, formerly known as The Economist Building,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> served as the headquarters of the paper until 2017, on St James's Street.

Pearson plc held a 50% shareholding via The Financial Times Limited until August 2015. At that time, Pearson sold their share in the Economist. The Agnelli family's Exor paid £287m to raise their stake from 4.7% to 43.4% while the Economist paid £182m for the balance of 5.04m shares which will be distributed to current shareholders.<ref name="West" /> Aside from the Agnelli family, smaller shareholders in the company include Cadbury, Rothschild (21%), Schroder, Layton and other family interests as well as a number of staff and former staff shareholders.<ref name="West" /><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> A board of trustees formally appoints the editor, who cannot be removed without its permission. The Economist Newspaper Limited is a wholly owned subsidiary of The Economist Group. Sir Evelyn Robert de Rothschild was chairman of the company from 1972 to 1989.

Although The Economist has a global emphasis and scope, about two-thirds of the 75 staff journalists are based in the London borough of Westminster.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> However, due to half of all subscribers originating in the United States, The Economist has core editorial offices and substantial operations in New York City, Los Angeles, Chicago, and Washington D.C.<ref name="gainsreaders" /><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Editor

File:Zanny Minton Beddoes World Economic Forum 2013 cropped.jpg

Zanny Minton Beddoes was appointed editor in 2015, first joining as an emerging markets correspondent in 1994.

The editor-in-chief, commonly known as simply "the Editor", of The Economist is charged with formulating the paper's editorial policies and overseeing corporate operations. Since its 1843 founding, the editors have been the following:

1. James Wilson: 1843–1857
2. Richard Holt Hutton: 1857–1861Template:NoteTag
3. Walter Bagehot: 1861–1877Template:NoteTag
4. Daniel Conner Lathbury: 1877–1881Template:NoteTag (jointly)
5. Robert Harry Inglis Palgrave: 1877–1883 (jointly)
6. Edward Johnstone: 1883–1907<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
7. Francis Wrigley Hirst: 1907–1916
8. Hartley Withers: 1916–1921
9. Sir Walter Layton: 1922–1938
10. Geoffrey Crowther: 1938–1956
11. Donald Tyerman: 1956–1965
12. Sir Alastair Burnet: 1965–1974
13. Andrew Knight: 1974–1986
14. Rupert Pennant-Rea: 1986–1993
15. Bill Emmott: 1993–2006
16. John Micklethwait: 2006–2014<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
17. Zanny Minton Beddoes: 2015–present<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Tone and voice

Although it has many individual columns, by tradition and current practice the newspaper ensures a uniform voice—aided by the anonymity of writers—throughout its pages,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> as if most articles were written by a single author, which may be perceived to display dry, understated wit, and precise use of language.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The EconomistTemplate:'s treatment of economics presumes a working familiarity with fundamental concepts of classical economics. For instance, it does not explain terms like invisible hand, macroeconomics, or demand curve, and may take just six or seven words to explain the theory of comparative advantage. Articles involving economics do not presume any formal training on the part of the reader and aim to be accessible to the educated layperson. It usually does not translate short French and German quotes or phrases but describes the business or nature of even well-known entities, writing, for example, "Goldman Sachs, an investment bank".<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The Economist is known for its extensive use of word play, including puns, allusions, and metaphors, as well as alliteration and assonance, especially in its headlines and captions. This can make it difficult to understand for those who are not native English speakers.<ref>Richard J. Alexander, "Article Headlines in The Economist: An Analysis of Puns, Allusions and Metaphors", Arbeiten aus Anglistik und Amerikanistik 11:2:159-177 (1986) Template:JSTOR</ref>

The Economist has traditionally and historically persisted in referring to itself as a "newspaper",<ref name="Iber-2019" /><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref> rather than a "news magazine", due to its mostly cosmetic switch from broadsheet to perfect-binding format and its general focus on current affairs as opposed to specialist subjects.<ref name="isnewspaper" /><ref name="pgazette">Template:Cite web</ref> It is legally classified as a newspaper in Britain and the United States.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Most databases and anthologies catalogue the weekly as a newspaper printed in magazine- or journal-format.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The Economist differentiates and contrasts itself as a newspaper against their sister lifestyle magazine, 1843, which does the same in turn. Editor Zanny Minton Beddoes clarified the distinction in 2016, saying that "we call it a newspaper because it was founded in 1843, 173 years ago, [when] all [perfect-bound publications] were called newspapers."<ref>Template:Cite webTemplate:Cbignore</ref>

Editorial anonymity

The EconomistTemplate:'s articles often take a definite editorial stance and almost never carry a byline.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> Not even the name of the editor is printed in the issue. It is a long-standing tradition that an editor's only signed article during their tenure is written on the occasion of their departure from the position. The author of a piece is named in certain circumstances: when notable persons are invited to contribute opinion pieces; when journalists of The Economist compile special reports (previously known as surveys); for the Year in Review special edition; and to highlight a potential conflict of interest over a book review. The names of The Economist editors and correspondents can be located on the media directory pages of the website.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Online blog pieces are signed with the initials of the writer and authors of print stories are allowed to note their authorship from their personal web sites.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> One anonymous writer of The Economist observed: "This approach is not without its faults (we have four staff members with the initials 'J.P.', for example) but is the best compromise between total anonymity and full bylines, in our view."<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> According to one academic study, the anonymous ethos of the weekly has contributed to strengthening three areas for The Economist: collective and consistent voice, talent and newsroom management, and brand strength.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>

The editors say this is necessary because "collective voice and personality matter more than the identities of individual journalists",<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> and reflects "a collaborative effort".<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In most articles, authors refer to themselves as "your correspondent" or "this reviewer". The writers of the titled opinion columns tend to refer to themselves by the title (hence, a sentence in the "Lexington" column might read "Lexington was informed..."). American author and long-time reader Michael Lewis criticised the paper's editorial anonymity in 1991, labelling it a means to hide the youth and inexperience of those writing articles.<ref name="fallows">Template:Cite news</ref> Although individual articles are written anonymously, there is no secrecy over who the writers are, as they are listed on The EconomistTemplate:'s website, which also provides summaries of their careers and academic qualifications.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In 2009, Lewis included multiple Economist articles in his anthology about the 2008 financial crisis, Panic: The Story of Modern Financial Insanity.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

John Ralston Saul describes The Economist as a newspaper that "hides the names of the journalists who write its articles in order to create the illusion that they dispense disinterested truth rather than opinion. This sales technique, reminiscent of pre-Reformation Catholicism, is not surprising in a publication named after the social science most given to wild guesses and imaginary facts presented in the guise of inevitability and exactitude. That it is the Bible of the corporate executive indicates to what extent received wisdom is the daily bread of a managerial civilization."<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

Features

File:A stack of Economist papers.jpg

A stack of Economist papers, ordered by publication date, 2020

The EconomistTemplate:'s primary focus is world events, politics and business, but it also runs regular sections on science and technology as well as books and the arts. Approximately every two weeks, the publication includes an in-depth special report (previously called surveys) on a given topic.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The five main categories are Countries and Regions, Business, Finance and Economics, Science, and Technology. The newspaper goes to press on Thursdays, between 6 p.m. and 7 p.m. GMT, and is available at newsagents in many countries the next day. It is printed at seven sites around the world.

Since July 2007, there has also been a complete audio edition of the paper available 9 pm London time on Thursdays.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The audio version of The Economist is produced by the production company Talking Issues. The company records the full text of the newspaper in MP3 format, including the extra pages in the UK edition. The weekly 130 MB download is free for subscribers and available for a fee for non-subscribers. The publication's writers adopt a tight style that seeks to include the maximum amount of information in a limited space.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> David G. Bradley, publisher of The Atlantic, described the formula as "a consistent world view expressed, consistently, in tight and engaging prose".<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Letters

The Economist frequently receives letters from its readership in response to the previous week's edition. While it is known to feature letters from senior businesspeople, politicians, ambassadors, and spokespeople, the paper includes letters from typical readers as well. Well-written or witty responses from anyone are considered, and controversial issues frequently produce a torrent of letters. For example, the survey of corporate social responsibility, published January 2005, produced largely critical letters from Oxfam, the World Food Programme, United Nations Global Compact, the Chairman of BT Group, an ex-Director of Shell and the UK Institute of Directors.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

In an effort to foster diversity of thought, The Economist routinely publishes letters that openly criticize the paper's articles and stance. After The Economist ran a critique of Amnesty International in its issue dated 24 March 2007, its letters page ran a reply from Amnesty, as well as several other letters in support of the organisation, including one from the head of the United Nations Commission on Human Rights.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Rebuttals from officials within regimes such as the Singapore government are routinely printed, to comply with local right-of-reply laws without compromising editorial independence.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

Letters published in the paper are typically between 150 and 200 words long and had the now-discontinued salutation 'Sir' from 1843 to 2015. In the latter year, upon the appointment of Zanny Minton Beddoes, the first female editor, the salutation was dismissed; letters have since had no salutation.Template:Citation needed Prior to a change in procedure, all responses to online articles were published in "The Inbox".Template:Citation needed

Columns

The publication runs several opinion columns whose names reflect their topic:

• Bagehot (Britain): named for Walter Bagehot, 19th-century British constitutional expert and the third editor of The Economist.<ref name="Pressman-2009" /> First published in 1989, since 2022, it has been written by Duncan Robinson, who succeeded Adrian Woolridge.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
• Banyan (Asia): named for the banyan tree, this column was established in April 2009 and focuses on various issues across the Asian continent and is written by Dominic Ziegler.
• Bartleby (Work and management): named after the titular character of a Herman Melville short story, this column was established in May 2018. It was written by Philip Coggan until August 2021.
• Buttonwood (Finance): named for the buttonwood tree where early Wall Street traders gathered. Until September 2006 this was available only as an on-line column, but it is now included in the print edition. Since 2018, it is written by John O'Sullivan, succeeding Philip Coggan.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Chaguan (China): named for Chaguan, the traditional Chinese Tea houses in Chengdu, this column was established on in September 2018.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> It was previously written by David Rennie, but has been suspended until the Economist has a new resident columnist in Beijing.
• Charlemagne (Europe): named for Charlemagne, the first Holy Roman Emperor. It is written by Stanley Pignal, the Economist's Brussells bureau chief.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> It has previously been written by Jeremy Cliffe<ref>People: Jeremy Cliffe Template:WebarchiveTemplate:Snd Economist Media Directory. Retrieved 14/1/19</ref> and earlier it was written by David Rennie (2007–2010) and by Anton La Guardia<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> (2010–2014).
• Johnson (language): named for Samuel Johnson, this column returned to print publication in 2016 and covers language. It is written by Robert Lane Greene.
• Lexington (United States): named for Lexington, Massachusetts, the site of the beginning of the American Revolutionary War. From June 2010 until May 2012, it was written by Peter David, until his death in a car accident.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The column is currently written by James Bennet.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
• Schumpeter (Business): named for the economist Joseph Schumpeter, this column was established in September 2009 and is written by Patrick Foulis.
• The Telegram (International): named after the Long Telegram written by George Kennan, this column has a focus on geopolitics. It is written by David Rennie and was established in November 2024.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Free Exchange (Economics): a general economics column, frequently based on academic research, replaced the column Economics Focus in January 2012
• Obituary (recent death): since 2003 it has been written by Ann Wroe.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

TQ

Every three months, The Economist publishes a technology report called Technology Quarterly, or simply, TQ, a special section focusing on recent trends and developments in science and technology.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref> The feature is also known to intertwine "economic matters with a technology".<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The TQ often carries a theme, such as quantum computing or cloud storage, and assembles an assortment of articles around the common subject.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

1843

Template:Main In September 2007, The Economist launched a sister lifestyle magazine under the title Intelligent Life as a quarterly publication. At its inauguration it was billed as for "the arts, style, food, wine, cars, travel and anything else under the sun, as long as it's interesting".<ref name="faqs">Template:Cite web</ref> The magazine focuses on analysing the "insights and predictions for the luxury landscape" across the world.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Approximately ten years later, in March 2016, the newspaper's parent company, Economist Group, rebranded the lifestyle magazine as 1843, in honour of the paper's founding year. It has since remained at six issues per year and carries the motto "Stories of An Extraordinary World".<ref name="faqs" /> Unlike The Economist, the author's names appear next to their articles in 1843.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

1843 features contributions from Economist journalists as well as writers around the world and photography commissioned for each issue. It is seen as a market competitor to The Wall Street Journal's WSJ. and the Financial Times' FT Magazine.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Since its March 2016 relaunch, it has been edited by Rosie Blau, a former correspondent for The Economist.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

In May 2020 it was announced that the 1843 magazine would move to a digital-only format.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

The World Ahead

The paper also produces two annual reviews and predictive reports titled The World In [Year] and The World If [Year] as part of their The World Ahead franchise.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In both features, the newspaper publishes a review of the social, cultural, economic and political events that have shaped the year and will continue to influence the immediate future. The issue was described by the American think tank Brookings Institution as "The Economist's annual [150-page] exercise in forecasting".<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> An Urdu-language version of The World In [Year] in collaboration with The Economist is being distributed by Jang Group in Pakistan.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Country of the Year

In 2013, The Economist began awarding a 'Country of the Year' in its annual Christmas special editions. Selected by the newspaper, this award recognises the country that was 'most improved' over the preceding year.

Year	Choice	Notes
2013	Template:Flag	For legalising recreational marijuana and same-sex marriage<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
2014	Template:Flag	For a peaceful transition of power amidst the Arab Winter<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
2015	Template:Flag	For political and economic liberalisation (the 2011–2015 Myanmar political reforms)<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
2016	Template:Flag	For reaching a peace agreement in the Colombian peace process<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
2017	Template:Flag	For supporting "open society" with the election and first calendar year of the Presidency of Emmanuel Macron<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
2018	Template:Flag	For opposing "corruption and incompetence" through the 2018 Armenian Revolution<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
2019	Template:Flag	For economic and political reforms<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
2020	Template:Flag	For increased democratisation as part of the 2020 Malawian presidential election<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
2021	Template:Flag	For economic reforms and effective COVID-19 vaccination program<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
2022	Template:Flag	For resisting the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
2023	Template:Flag	For economic reforms and political stability<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
2024	Template:Flag	For overthrowing Sheikh Hasina and transitioning "towards a more liberal government"<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Books

File:The Economist Books.jpg

A series of Economist technical manuals, 2020

In addition to publishing its main newspaper, lifestyle magazine, and special features, The Economist also produces books with topics overlapping with that of its newspaper. The weekly also publishes a series of technical manuals (or guides) as an offshoot of its explanatory journalism. Some of these books serve as collections of articles and columns the paper produces.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Often columnists from the newspaper write technical manuals on their topic of expertise; for example, Philip Coggan, a finance correspondent, authored The Economist Guide to Hedge Funds (2011).<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

The paper publishes book reviews in every issue, with a large collective review in their year-end (holiday) issue – published as "The Economist's Books of the Year".<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Additionally, the paper has its own in-house stylebook rather than following an industry-wide writing style template.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> All Economist writing, and publications follow The Economist Style Guide, in various editions.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Writing competitions

The Economist sponsors a wide array of writing competitions and prizes throughout the year for readers. In 1999, The Economist organised a global futurist writing competition, The World in 2050. Co-sponsored by Royal Dutch/Shell, the competition included a first prize of US$20,000 and publication in The EconomistTemplate:'s annual flagship publication, The World In.<ref name="newstraitstimes2000">Template:Cite news</ref> Over 3,000 entries from around the world were submitted via a website set up for the purpose and at various Royal Dutch Shell offices worldwide.<ref name="newstraitstimes2000" /> The judging panel included Bill Emmott, Esther Dyson, Sir Mark Moody-Stuart, and Matt Ridley.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

In the summer of 2019, they launched the Open Future writing competition with an inaugural youth essay-writing prompt about climate change.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> During this competition the paper accepted a submission from an artificially-intelligent computer writing program.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Podcasts

Since 2006, The Economist has produced several podcast series.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The podcasts currently in production include:<ref name="economist podcasts">Template:Cite web</ref>

• The Intelligence (general news)
• Editor's Picks (audio recordings of published articles)
• Drum Tower (China)
• Babbage (technology)
• Money Talks (finance and business)
• Checks and Balance (American politics)
• The Weekend Intelligence (long-form reports on a single topic)

Additionally, The Economist has produced several limited-run podcast series, such as The Prince (on Xi Jinping), Next Year in Moscow (on Russian emigrants and dissidents following the 2022 invasion of Ukraine), Boss Class (on business management) and Scam Inc an 8-part series about the growing business and impact of scams.<ref name="economist podcasts" /><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

In September 2023, The Economist announced the launch of Economist Podcasts+, a paid subscription service for its podcast offerings.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Espresso news app

In 2014 The Economist launched its short-form news app Espresso. The product offers a daily briefing from the editors, published every day of the week except Sunday. The app is available to paid subscribers and as a separate subscription.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Data journalism

The presence of data journalism in The Economist can be traced to its founding year in 1843. Initially, the weekly published basic international trade figures and tables.<ref name="Selby-Boothroyd-2018">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="DataJournalism.com">Template:Cite web</ref> The paper first included a graphical model in 1847—a letter featuring an illustration of various coin sizes—and its first non-epistolary chart—a tree map visualising the size of coal fields in America and England—was included in November 1854.<ref name="Selby-Boothroyd-2018" /> This early adoption of data-based articles was estimated to be "a 100 years before the field's modern emergence" by Data Journalism.com.<ref name="DataJournalism.com" /> Its transition from broadsheet to magazine-style formatting led to the adoption of coloured graphs, first in fire-engine-red during the 1980s and then in a thematic blue in 2001.<ref name="Selby-Boothroyd-2018" /> The Economist's editors and readers developed a taste for more data-driven stories throughout the 2000s.<ref name="Selby-Boothroyd-2018" /> Starting in the late-2000s, the paper began to publish more and more articles that centred solely on charts, some of which were published online every weekday.<ref name="Selby-Boothroyd-2018" /> These "daily charts" are typically followed by a short, 500-word explanation. In September 2009, The Economist launched a Twitter account for their Data Team.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

In 2015, the data-journalism department—a dedicated team of data journalists, visualisers and interactive developers—was created to head up the paper's data journalism efforts.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The team's output soon included election forecasting models, covering the French presidential elections of 2017 and 2022 and the US presidential and congressional elections in 2020, among others. In late-2023, the data team advertised for a political data scientist to bolster its political forecasting efforts. In order to ensure transparency in the team's data collection and analysis The Economist maintains a corporate GitHub account to publicly disclose their models and software wherever possible.<ref name="Economist-2018">Template:Cite web</ref> In October 2018, they introduced a "Graphic Detail" featuring large charts and maps in both their print and digital editions which ran until November 2023.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Indexes

Historically, the publication has also maintained a section of economic statistics, such as employment figures, economic growth, and interest rates. These statistical publications have been found to be seen as authoritative and decisive in British society.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> The Economist also publishes a variety of rankings seeking to position business schools and undergraduate universities among each other, respectively. In 2015, they published their first ranking of U.S. universities, focusing on comparable economic advantages. Their data for the rankings is sourced from the U.S. Department of Education and is calculated as a function of median earnings through regression analysis.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Among others, the most well-known data indexes the weekly publishes are:

• The Big Mac Index: a measure of the purchasing power of currencies, first published in 1986, using the price of the hamburger in different countries.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> This is published twice a year since 2006, annually prior to that.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Democracy Index: a measure of the state of democracy in the world, produced by the paper's Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU)
• The Glass Ceiling Index: a measure of female equality in the workplace.
• The Most Dangerous Cities Index: a measure of major cities by rates of homicide.
• Commodity-Price Index: a measure of commodities, such as gold and brent oil, as well as agricultural items

Opinions

The editorial stance of The Economist primarily revolves around classical, social, and most notably, economic liberalism. Since its founding, it has supported radical centrism, favouring policies and governments that maintain centrist politics. The newspaper typically champions neoliberalism, particularly free markets, free trade, free immigration, deregulation, and globalisation.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> When the newspaper was founded, the term economism denoted what would today be termed "economic liberalism". The activist and journalist George Monbiot has described it as neoliberal while occasionally accepting the propositions of Keynesian economics where deemed more "reasonable".<ref name="Grauniad">Template:Cite news</ref> The weekly favours a carbon tax to fight global warming.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> According to one former editor, Bill Emmott, "the EconomistTemplate:'s philosophy has always been liberal, not conservative".<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Alongside other publications such as The Guardian, The Observer and The Independent, it supports the United Kingdom becoming a republic.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

File:David Hume and Adam Smith statues, Edinburgh.jpg

Scottish economist Adam Smith (right) and philosopher David Hume (left) represent the newspaper's foundational beliefs of laissez-faire policies, self-sufficiency, anti-protectionism and free trade.

Individual contributors take diverse views. The Economist favours the support, through central banks, of banks and other important corporations. This principle can, in a much more limited form, be traced back to Walter Bagehot, the third editor of The Economist, who argued that the Bank of England should support major banks that got into difficulties. Karl Marx deemed The Economist the "European organ" of "the aristocracy of finance".<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> The newspaper has also supported liberal causes on social issues such as recognition of gay marriages,<ref>Let them wed Template:Webarchive, cover article on 4 January 1996</ref> legalisation of drugs,<ref>How to stop the drug wars, cover article on 7 March 2009. The publication calls legalisation "the least bad solution".</ref> criticises the U.S. tax model,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> and seems to support some government regulation on health issues, such as smoking in public,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> as well as bans on smacking children.<ref>"Spare The Rod, Say Some" Template:Webarchive, The Economist, 31 May 2008.</ref> The Economist consistently favours guest worker programmes, parental choice of school, and amnesties,<ref>Sense, not Sensenbrenner Template:Webarchive, The Economist, 30 March 2006</ref> and once published an "obituary" of God.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The Economist also has a long record of supporting gun control.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In 2021, the paper was criticized for publishing an "anti-transgender screed".<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In 2019, The Economist received backlash for suggesting that transgender people should be sterilized. The paper subsequently apologized for this statement.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

In British general elections, The Economist has endorsed the Labour Party (in 2005 and 2024),<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> the Conservative Party (in 2010 and 2015),<ref>"The Economist backs the Conservatives" Template:Webarchive, The Guardian (PA report), 29 April 2010.</ref><ref name="The Economist">Template:Cite news</ref> and the Liberal Democrats (in 2017 and 2019),<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> and supported both Republican and Democratic candidates in the United States. The Economist put its stance this way:

In 2008, The Economist commented that Cristina Fernández de Kirchner, the president of Argentina at the time, was "Dashing hopes of change, Argentina's new president is leading her country into economic peril and social conflict".<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The Economist also called for Bill Clinton's impeachment,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> as well as for Donald Rumsfeld's resignation after the emergence of the Abu Ghraib torture and prisoner abuse.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Although The Economist initially gave vigorous support for the U.S.-led invasion of Iraq, it later called the operation "bungled from the start" and criticised the "almost criminal negligence" of the Bush Administration's handling of the Iraq War, while maintaining in 2007 that pulling out in the short term would be irresponsible.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In an editorial marking its 175th anniversary, The Economist criticised adherents to liberalism for becoming too inclined to protect the political status quo rather than pursue reform.<ref name="The Economist at 175">Template:Cite news</ref> The paper called on liberals to return to advocating for bold political, economic and social reforms: protecting free markets, land and tax reform in the tradition of Georgism, open immigration, a rethink of the social contract with more emphasis on education, and a revival of liberal internationalism.<ref name="The Economist at 175" />

Circulation

Each of The Economist issues' official date range is from Saturday to the following Friday. The Economist posts each week's new content online at approximately 21:00 Thursday evening UK time, ahead of the official publication date.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> From July to December 2019, their average global print circulation was over 909,476, while combined with their digital presence, runs to over 1.6 million.<ref name="pgazette" /> However, on a weekly average basis, the paper can reach up to 5.1 million readers, across their print and digital runs.<ref name="pgazette" /> Across their social media platforms, it reaches an audience of 35 million, as of 2016.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

In 1877, the publication's circulation was 3,700, and in 1920 it had risen to 6,000. Circulation increased rapidly after 1945, reaching 100,000 by 1970.<ref name="About us" /> Circulation is audited by the Audit Bureau of Circulations (ABC). From around 30,000 in 1960 it has risen to near 1 million by 2000 and by 2016 to about 1.3 million.<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> Approximately half of all sales (54%) originate in the United States with sales in the United Kingdom making 14% of the total and continental Europe 19%.<ref name="gainsreaders">Template:Cite web</ref> Of its American readers, two out of three earn more than $100,000 a year. The Economist has sales, both by subscription and at newsagents, in over 200 countries. The Economist once boasted about its limited circulation. In the early 1990s it used the slogan "The Economist – not read by millions of people". Geoffrey Crowther, a former editor, wrote: "Never in the history of journalism has so much been read for so long by so few."<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Censorship

File:A page ripped out from The Economist by China's censorship department (cropped).jpg

A copy of The Economist in Liaoning Provincial Library. Page 28 from the 1 June 2019 issue, about the 1989 Tiananmen Square Protests, has been removed.

Sections of The Economist criticising authoritarian regimes are frequently removed from the paper by the authorities in those countries. Like many other publications, The Economist is subjected to censorship in Iran. On 15 June 2006, Iran banned the sale of The Economist when it published a map labelling the Persian Gulf simply as Gulf—a choice that derives its political significance from the Persian Gulf naming dispute.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

In a separate incident, the government of Zimbabwe went further and imprisoned The EconomistTemplate:'s correspondent there, Andrew Meldrum. The government charged him with violating a statute on "publishing untruth" for writing that a woman was decapitated by supporters of the ruling Zimbabwe African National Union – Patriotic Front party. The decapitation claim was retracted,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> and allegedly fabricated by the woman's husband. The correspondent was later acquitted, only to receive a deportation order. On 19 August 2013, The Economist disclosed that the Missouri Department of Corrections had censored its issue of 29 June 2013. According to the letter sent by the department, prisoners were not allowed to receive the issue because "1. it constitutes a threat to the security or discipline of the institution; 2. may facilitate or encourage criminal activity; or 3. may interfere with the rehabilitation of an offender".<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

See also

• List of business newspapers
• List of newspapers in the United Kingdom

Further reading

• Arrese, Angel (1995), La identidad de The Economist. Pamplona: Eunsa. Template:ISBN.
• Edwards, Ruth Dudley (1993), The Pursuit of Reason: The Economist 1843–1993, London: Hamish Hamilton, Template:ISBN
• Template:Cite book

External links

• Template:Official website
• Template:HathiTrust Catalog