Tánaiste
Template:Short description Template:Use Hiberno-English Template:Use dmy dates Template:Infobox official post The Tánaiste (Template:IPAc-en Template:Respell,<ref>Template:Cite encyclopediaTemplate:Dead linkTemplate:Cbignore</ref> Template:IPA) is the second-ranking member of the government of Ireland and the holder of its second-most senior office.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> It is the equivalent of the deputy prime minister in other parliamentary systems.
The Tánaiste is appointed by the President of Ireland on the advice of the Taoiseach. The current office holder is Simon Harris, TD, who was appointed on 23 January 2025.<ref>Template:Citation</ref>
History
[edit]Under the Gaelic system of tanistry, the word Template:Lang (plural Template:Lang, Template:IPA, approximately Template:IPAc-en) had been used for the heir of the chief (Template:Lang) or king (Template:Lang).Template:Citation needed The word was adopted in the 1937 Constitution of Ireland as the title for a member of the government nominated by the Taoiseach to act in their place as needed during periods of the Taoiseach's temporary absence. Tánaiste is the official title of the deputy head of government in both English and Irish, and is not used for other countries' deputy prime ministers, who are referred to in Irish by the generic term Template:Lang, Template:IPA, approximately Template:IPAc-en Template:Respell. The longer Irish form, Template:Lang, is sometimes used in English instead of "the Tánaiste".
Overview
[edit]The office was created in 1937 under the new Constitution of Ireland and replaced the previous office of Vice-President of the Executive Council, which had existed under the Constitution of the Irish Free State, and which was first held by Kevin O'Higgins of Cumann na nGaedheal from 1922 to 1927.
The Taoiseach nominates one member of the Government to the office who is required to be a member of Dáil Éireann.<ref>Article 28.7.1° of the Constitution of Ireland.</ref> The nominee then receives their seal of office from the President of Ireland in recognition of the appointment. The Tánaiste acts in the place of the Taoiseach during a temporary absence. In the event of the Taoiseach's death or permanent incapacitation, the Tánaiste acts as Taoiseach until another is appointed.<ref>Article 28.6.2° and 28.6.3° of the Constitution of Ireland. [1] Template:Webarchive</ref> The Tánaiste is, Template:Lang, a member of the Council of State. The Tánaiste chairs meetings of the government in the absence of the Taoiseach and may take questions on their behalf in the Dáil or Seanad.
Aside from those duties, the title is largely honorific as the Constitution does not confer any additional powers on the office holder over and above the other members of the Government. In theory, the Tánaiste could be a minister without portfolio, but every Tánaiste has in parallel held a ministerial portfolio as head of a Department of State. The Department of the Taoiseach is a Department of State, but there is no equivalent for the Tánaiste. Dick Spring in the Rainbow Coalition (1994–1997) had an official "Office of the Tánaiste", but other parties have not used that nomenclature.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Under Spring, Eithne Fitzgerald was "Minister of State at the Office of the Tánaiste", with responsibility for co-ordinating Labour policy in the coalition.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="MüllerStrom2003">Template:Cite book</ref>
Under a coalition government, the Tánaiste is typically the leader of the second-largest coalition partner, just as the Taoiseach is usually leader of the coalition's senior partner. However, during the coalition governments in 1989–1992 and 2007–2011, the position was held by Fianna Fáil's deputy leader, rather than the leader of a junior partner. As part of a rotating Taoiseach agreement since 2020, the role of Tánaiste gained increased prominence and responsibility in coordinating and Government policy as it was held by Leo Varadkar for the first half of the Government's term in office prior to his appointment as Taoiseach and Micheál Martin in the second half.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
The office of Tánaiste is as yet the highest government rank attained by a woman Minister.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
Four Tánaistí later held the office of Taoiseach: Seán Lemass, Bertie Ahern, Brian Cowen, and Leo Varadkar (his second term as Taoiseach). Varadkar is also one of three Tánaistí, with Micheál Martin and Simon Harris, to have previously held the office of Taoiseach before becoming Tánaiste. Two Tánaistí were later elected as President of Ireland: Seán T. O'Kelly and Erskine H. Childers.
List of office-holders
[edit]Timeline
[edit]This is a graphical lifespan timeline of Tánaistí. They are listed in order of office (Lemass, Norton, and Spring are shown in order of their first terms).
<timeline> Define $width = 1000 # 4 pixels per year ($end - $start) × 4 Define $warning = 880 # $width - 120 Define $height = 750 # 27 × 25 + 150 Define $footnote = 800 # $width - 400
DateFormat = dd/mm/yyyy Period = from:01/01/1882 till:31/12/{{#expr:{{#time:Y}}}} Define $start = 01/01/1882 # Just before eldest (O'Kelly) was born Define $end = 31/12/2025 Define $now = {{#time:d/m/Y|-3 hours}}
ImageSize = width:$width height:$height PlotArea = right:10 left:1 bottom:80 top:60 Period = from:$start till:$end TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal Legend = orientation:vertical position:bottom columns:1
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bar:1 width:18 color:LIFESPAN align:center fontsize:M from:07/06/1892 till:06/12/1922 shift:(-0,$dy) textcolor:NAME text:Kevin O'Higgins color:LIFESPAN from:06/12/1922 till:10/07/1927 color:CnnG from:06/12/1922 till:10/07/1927
bar:2 width:18 color:LIFESPAN align:center fontsize:M from:13/04/1889 till:14/07/1927 shift:(-0,$dy) textcolor:NAME text:Ernest Blythe color:LIFESPAN from:14/07/1927 till:23/02/1975 color:CnnG from:14/07/1927 till:09/03/1932
bar:3 width:18 color:LIFESPAN align:center fontsize:M from:25/08/1882 till:09/03/1932 shift:(-0,$dy) textcolor:NAME text:Seán T. O'Kelly color:LIFESPAN from:09/03/1932 till:23/11/1966 color:FF from:09/03/1932 till:14/06/1945
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bar:8 width:18 color:LIFESPAN align:center fontsize:M from:11/12/1905 till:02/07/1969 shift:(-0,$dy) textcolor:NAME text:Erskine H. Childers color:LIFESPAN from:02/07/1969 till:17/11/1974 color:FF from:02/07/1969 till:14/03/1973
bar:9 width:18 color:LIFESPAN align:center fontsize:M from:19/11/1918 till:14/03/1973 shift:(-0,$dy) textcolor:NAME text:Brendan Corish color:LIFESPAN from:14/03/1973 till:17/02/1990 color:LAB from:14/03/1973 till:05/07/1977
bar:10 width:18 color:LIFESPAN align:center fontsize:M from:18/10/1925 till:05/07/1977 shift:(-0,$dy) textcolor:NAME text:George Colley color:LIFESPAN from:05/07/1977 till:17/09/1983 color:FF from:05/07/1977 till:30/06/1981
bar:11 width:18 color:LIFESPAN align:center fontsize:M from:08/05/1936 till:30/06/1981 shift:(-0,$dy) textcolor:NAME text:Michael O'Leary color:LIFESPAN from:30/06/1981 till:11/05/2006 color:LAB from:30/06/1981 till:09/03/1982
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bar:13 width:18 color:LIFESPAN align:center fontsize:M from:29/08/1950 till:14/12/1982 shift:(-0,$dy) textcolor:NAME text:Dick Spring color:LIFESPAN from:14/12/1982 till:$now color:LAB from:14/12/1982 till:20/01/1987 color:LAB from:12/01/1993 till:17/11/1994 color:LAB from:15/12/1994 till:26/06/1997
bar:14 width:18 color:LIFESPAN align:center fontsize:M from:10/08/1928 till:20/01/1987 shift:(-0,$dy) textcolor:NAME text:Peter Barry color:LIFESPAN from:20/01/1987 till:26/08/2016 color:FG from:20/01/1987 till:10/03/1987
bar:15 width:18 color:LIFESPAN align:center fontsize:M from:17/11/1930 till:10/03/1987 shift:(-0,$dy) textcolor:NAME text:Brian Lenihan color:LIFESPAN from:10/03/1987 till:01/11/1995 color:FF from:10/03/1987 till:31/10/1990
bar:16 width:18 color:LIFESPAN align:center fontsize:M from:08/07/1923 till:13/11/1990 shift:(-0,$dy) textcolor:NAME text:John Wilson color:LIFESPAN from:13/11/1990 till:09/07/2007 color:FF from:13/11/1990 till:12/01/1993
bar:17 width:18 color:LIFESPAN align:center fontsize:M from:12/09/1951 till:19/11/1994 shift:(-0,$dy) textcolor:NAME text:Bertie Ahern color:LIFESPAN from:19/11/1994 till:$now color:FF from:19/11/1994 till:15/12/1994
bar:18 width:18 color:LIFESPAN align:center fontsize:M from:11/03/1953 till:26/06/1997 shift:(-0,$dy) textcolor:NAME text:Mary Harney color:LIFESPAN from:26/06/1997 till:$now color:PD from:26/06/1997 till:13/09/2006
bar:19 width:18 color:LIFESPAN align:center fontsize:M from:01/05/1951 till:13/09/2006 shift:(-0,$dy) textcolor:NAME text:Michael McDowell color:LIFESPAN from:13/09/2006 till:$now color:PD from:13/09/2006 till:14/06/2007
bar:20 width:18 color:LIFESPAN align:center fontsize:M from:10/01/1960 till:14/06/2007 shift:(-0,$dy) textcolor:NAME text:Brian Cowen color:LIFESPAN from:14/06/2007 till:$now color:FF from:14/06/2007 till:07/05/2008
bar:21 width:18 color:LIFESPAN align:center fontsize:M from:28/05/1965 till:07/05/2008 shift:(-0,$dy) textcolor:NAME text:Mary Coughlan color:LIFESPAN from:07/05/2008 till:$now color:FF from:07/05/2008 till:09/03/2011
bar:22 width:18 color:LIFESPAN align:center fontsize:M from:24/04/1955 till:09/03/2011 shift:(-0,$dy) textcolor:NAME text:Eamon Gilmore color:LIFESPAN from:09/03/2011 till:$now color:LAB from:09/03/2011 till:04/07/2014
bar:23 width:18 color:LIFESPAN align:center fontsize:M from:01/02/1949 till:04/07/2014 shift:(-0,$dy) textcolor:NAME text:Joan Burton color:LIFESPAN from:04/07/2014 till:$now color:LAB from:04/07/2014 till:06/05/2016
bar:24 width:18 color:LIFESPAN align:center fontsize:M from:01/08/1950 till:06/05/2016 shift:(-0,$dy) textcolor:NAME text:Frances Fitzgerald color:LIFESPAN from:06/05/2016 till:$now color:FG from:06/05/2016 till:28/11/2017
bar:25 width:18 color:LIFESPAN align:center fontsize:M from:16/06/1972 till:30/11/2017 shift:(-0,$dy) textcolor:NAME text:Simon Coveney color:LIFESPAN from:30/11/2017 till:$now color:FG from:30/11/2017 till:27/06/2020
bar:26 width:18 color:LIFESPAN align:center fontsize:M from:18/01/1979 till:27/06/2020 shift:(-0,$dy) textcolor:NAME text:Leo Varadkar color:LIFESPAN from:27/06/2020 till:$now color:FG from:27/06/2020 till:17/12/2022
bar:27 width:18 color:LIFESPAN align:center fontsize:M from:01/08/1960 till:17/12/2022 shift:(-0,$dy) textcolor:NAME text:Micheál Martin color:LIFESPAN from:23/01/2025 till:$now color:FF from:17/12/2022 till:23/01/2025
bar:28 width:18 color:LIFESPAN align:center fontsize:M from:17/10/1986 till:23/01/2025 shift:(-0,$dy) textcolor:NAME text:Simon Harris color:FG from:23/01/2025 till:$now
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fontsize:M textcolor:green pos:($warning,30) text:Updated 09/2025
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pos:(300,$height) fontsize:L textcolor:black text:"Lifespan and terms of office of each Tánaiste"</timeline>
References
[edit]Template:Commons category Template:Reflist
Template:Deputy heads of government of Ireland Template:Government of Ireland Template:Politics of the Republic of Ireland2