Senryū

Template:Short description Template:Multiple issues Template:Italic title Template:Nihongo3 is a Japanese form of short poetry similar to haiku in construction: three lines with 17 Template:Transliteration (or Template:Transliteration, often translated as syllables, but see the article on Template:Transliteration for distinctions). Template:Transliteration tend to be about human foibles while haiku tend to be about nature, and Template:Transliteration are often cynical or darkly humorous while haiku are more serious.

Like haiku, senryū originated as an opening part (hokku) of a larger Japanese poem called renga.<ref name=kumei>Template:Cite journal</ref> Unlike haiku, Template:Transliteration do not include a Template:Transliteration (cutting word), and do not generally include a Template:Transliteration, or season word.<ref name="Definition of Senryu">Template:Cite dictionary</ref><ref name="Description of Senryu">Template:Cite web</ref>

Form and content

Template:Transliteration is named after Edo period Template:Transliteration poet Template:Nihongo,<ref name=kumei/> whose collection Template:Nihongo launched the genre into the public consciousness.Template:Citation needed A typical example from the collection:

Template:Verse transliteration-translation

This Template:Transliteration, which can also be translated "Catching him / I see the robber / is my son," is not so much a personal experience of the author as an example of a type of situation (provided by a short comment called a Template:Transliteration or fore-verse, which usually prefaces a number of examples) and/or a brief or witty rendition of an incident from history or the arts (plays, songs, tales, poetry, etc.).<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

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Senryū in the United States

The first senryū circle in the United States was reportedly started by Japanese immigrants in Yakima, Washington, during the early 1900s. Over time, other senryū circles were established in Seattle and other Japanese communities in the Pacific Northwest. In 1938, the Los Angeles–based Kashu Mainichi Shimbun published its first senryū section.<ref name=kumei/>

During the incarceration of Japanese Americans during World War II, senryū was a popular activity in the camps.<ref name=kumei/>

English-language Template:Transliteration publications

In the 1970s, Michael McClintock edited Seer Ox: American Senryu Magazine. In 1993, Michael Dylan Welch edited and published Fig Newtons: Template:Transliteration to Go, the first anthology of English-language Template:Transliteration.<ref name="billfrog">William J. Higginson, Frogpond XXV:1, Winter–Spring 1994, pages 103–105.</ref>

Prune Juice,<ref>Prune Juice</ref> a journal of Template:Transliteration and Template:Transliteration, is edited by Aaron Barry, Antoinette Cheung, and P. H. Fischer.
Failed Haiku<ref>Failed Haiku</ref> is edited by Bryan Rickert and Hemapriya Chellappan.
Simply Haiku<ref>Simply Haiku</ref> archives (final publication in 2009) contain a regular Template:Transliteration column edited by Alan Pizzarelli.

Additionally, one can regularly find Template:Transliteration and related articles in some haiku publications. For example, the World Haiku Review<ref>World Haiku Review</ref> has regularly published Template:Transliteration. Template:Transliteration regularly appear or appeared in the pages of Modern Haiku, Frogpond, Bottle Rockets, Woodnotes, Tundra, Haiku Canada Review, Presence, Blithe Spirit, Kingfisher, and other haiku journals, often unsegregated from haiku.

American Template:Transliteration awards

The Haiku Society of America holds the annual Gerald Brady Memorial Award for best unpublished Template:Transliteration.<ref name="Gerald Brady Memorial Award">Template:Cite web</ref>

Previous Winners of the Gerald Brady Memorial Award include:<ref name="Gerald Brady Memorial Award"/>

1988: Frederick Gasser
1989: Brenda S. Duster
1990: John Thompson
1991: Leatrice Lifshitz
1992: Christopher Herold
1993: Tom Clausen
1994: David Carmel Gershator
1995: Michael Dylan Welch
1996: Sandra Fuhringer
1997: John Stevenson
1998: Carl Patrick
1999: Leatrice Lifshitz
2000: Yvonnne Hardenbrook
2001: Billie Wilson
2002: w. f. owen
2003: w. f. owen
2004: John Stevenson
2005: Emily Romano
2006: Roberta Beary
2007: Scott Mason
2008: David P. Grayson
2009: Barry George
2010: Garry Gay
2011: Ernest J. Berry
2012: Julie Warther
2013: Peter Newton
2014: Neal Whitman
2015: paul m.
2016: Tom Painting
2017: Sam Bateman
2018: Joshua Gage
2019: PMF Johnson
2020: Tony Williams
2021: Amy Losak
2022: Joshua St. Claire
2023: John Savoie

Since about 1990, the Haiku Poets of Northern California has been running a Template:Transliteration contest, as part of its San Francisco International Haiku and Senryu Contest.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

References

Template:Reflist

Bibliography and further reading

J C Brown, Senryu: Poems of the People, Simon & Schuster Ltd, 1991, Template:ISBN
R. H. Blyth, translator, Senryu: Japanese Satirical Verses. 1949, The Hokuseido Press, Template:ISBN. Includes black and white sketches and some colored plates
R. H. Blyth, translator, Japanese Humour. 1957, Japan Travel Bureau
R. H. Blyth, translator, Japanese Life and Character in Senryu. 1960, The Hokuseido Press
R. H. Blyth, translator, Oriental Humour. 1960, The Hokuseido Press
R. H. Blyth, translator, Edo Satirical Verse Anthologies. 1961, The Hokuseido Press
Robin D. Gill, compiler and translator, Octopussy, Dry Kidney & Blue Spots – dirty themes from 18-19c Japanese poems, Paraverse Press, 2007. Template:ISBN. Chronicles 1,300 Template:Transliteration – Blyth mentioned that he could only introduce what the censors allowed; these are the type of Template:Transliteration that were not allowed.
Lorraine Ellis Harr (tombo), Selected Senryu. 1976, J & C Transcripts. One of the earliest English-language Template:Transliteration-only publications
James Day Hodgson, American Senryu. 1992, The Japan Times, Template:ISBN
Howard S. Levy and Junko Ohsawa, One Hundred Senryu Selections. 1979, So. Pasadena, CA, Langstaff Publications, Template:ISBN
Alan Pizzarelli, Senryu Magazine. 2001, River Willow. Although this book looks like a regular journal, it is the effort of Alan Pizzarelli only, done as a parody of haiku journals.
Makoto Ueda, Light Verse from the Floating World: An Anthology of Premodern Japanese Senryu, Columbia University Press, 1999. Template:ISBN cloth Template:ISBN
Michael Dylan Welch, ed. Fig Newtons: Senryu to Go, Press Here, 1993 (the first anthology of English-language Template:Transliteration)