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Regierungsbezirk

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Template:Short description Template:Italic title Template:Use dmy dates Template:Administrative divisions of Germany

File:Administrative Districts of Germany 1981-2008.svg
Template:Lang in Germany as of 1 August 2008. The map also shows the former Template:Lang of Lower Saxony, Rhineland-Palatinate, Saxony-Anhalt and Saxony.

Template:Politics of Germany A Template:Lang (Template:IPA) means "governmental district" and is a type of administrative division in Germany. Currently, four of sixteen Template:Lang (states of Germany) are split into Template:Lang. Beneath these are rural and urban districts

Template:Lang (plural, Template:IPA) serve as regional mid-level local government units in four of Germany's sixteen federal states: Baden-Württemberg, Bavaria, Hesse and North Rhine-Westphalia. Each of the nineteen Template:Lang features a non-legislative governing body called a Template:Lang (governing presidium) or Template:Lang (district government) headed by a Regierungspräsident (governing president), concerned mostly with administrative decisions on a local level for districts within its jurisdiction.<ref>Regional Governments in France, Germany, Poland and The Netherlands (HTML version of PowerPoint presentation) – Cachet, A (coordinator), Erasmus University, RotterdamTemplate:Dead link</ref> Saxony has Template:Lang (directorate districts) with more responsibilities shifted from the state parliament.

Translations

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Template:Lang is a German term variously translated into English as "governmental district",<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> "administrative district"<ref>regierung.oberfranken.bayern.de</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> or "province",<ref>Jablonsky, David. The Nazi Party in Dissolution: Hitler and the Verbotzeit 1923–25, London: Routledge, 1989, p. 27.</ref><ref>Shapiro, Henry D. and Jonathan D. Sarna, Ethnic Diversity and Civic Identity, Illinois: UIP, 1992, p. 135.</ref> with the first two being the closest literal translations.

History

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The first Template:Lang were established in the Kingdom of Bavaria and the Kingdom of Prussia in 1808. During the course of the Prussian reforms between 1808 and 1816, Prussia subdivided its provinces into 25 Template:Lang, eventually featuring 37 such districts within 12 provinces. By 1871, at the time of German unification, the concept of Template:Lang had been adopted by most States of the German Empire. Similar entities were initially established in other states under different names, including Template:Lang (district captainship) in Saxony, Template:Lang (district) in Bavaria and Württemberg (not to be confused with the present-day Template:Lang or Template:Lang districts), and province in Hesse. The names of these equivalent administrative divisions were standardized to Template:Lang in Nazi Germany, but after World War II these naming reforms were reverted.

The Template:Lang in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia in modern Germany are in direct continuation of those created in the Prussian Rhine and Westphalia provinces in 1816. Template:Lang never existed in Bremen, Hamburg, Schleswig-Holstein, and Saarland.

In 1946, Lower Saxony was founded by the merger of the three former Free States of Brunswick, Oldenburg, Schaumburg-Lippe, and the former Prussian province of Hanover. Brunswick and Oldenburg became Template:Lang Template:IPA(roughly administrative regions of extended competence) alongside six less autonomous Prussian-style Template:Lang comprising the Province of Hanover and Schaumburg-Lippe. These differences in autonomy and size were levelled on 1 January 1978, when four Template:Lang replaced the two Template:Lang and the six Template:Lang: Brunswick and Oldenburg, Aurich, Hanover (remaining mostly the same), Hildesheim, Lüneburg, Osnabrück and Stade.

Following the reunification of Germany in 1990, the territory of the former East Germany was organized into six re-established new federal states, including a reunified Berlin. Saxony and Saxony-Anhalt established three Template:Lang each, while the other new states didn't implement them.

2000s disbandment and reorganization

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During the 2000s, four German states discontinued the use of Template:Lang. On 1 January 2000, Rhineland-Palatinate disbanded its three Template:Lang of Koblenz, Rheinhessen-Pfalz and Trier. The employees and assets of the three Template:Lang (Template:IPA) were converted into three public authorities responsible for the whole state, each covering a part of the former responsibilities of the Template:Lang (Template:IPA).

On 1 January 2004, Saxony-Anhalt disbanded its three Template:Lang of Dessau, Halle and Magdeburg. The responsibilities are now covered by a Template:Lang (state administration office) with three offices at the former seats of the Template:Lang. On 1 January 2005, Lower Saxony followed suit, disbanding its remaining four Template:Lang of Brunswick, Hanover, Lüneburg, and Weser-Ems.

On 1 August 2008, Saxony restructured its Template:Lang (Template:IPA), changed the name of its Template:Lang to Template:Lang (directorate districts), and moved some responsibilities to the districts. The Template:Lang were still named Chemnitz, Dresden, and Leipzig, but a border change was necessary because the new district of Mittelsachsen crossed the borders of the old Template:Lang. On 1 March 2012, the Template:Lang were merged into one Template:Lang (state directorate).

Regierungsbezirke by state

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Currently, only four German states out of 16 in total are divided into Template:Lang; all others are directly divided into districts without mid-level agencies. Those four states are divided into a total of 19 Template:Lang, ranging in population from 5,255,000 (Düsseldorf) to 1,065,000 (Gießen):

List of historic former Regierungsbezirke

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References

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Template:Reflist

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Template:Terms for types of administrative territorial entities Template:Authority control

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