Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South Vietnam

Template:Pp Template:Short description Template:About Template:More citations needed Template:Use dmy dates Template:Infobox former country Template:History of Vietnam The Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South Vietnam (PRG, Template:Langx), was formed on 8 June 1969, by the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam) as an armed underground government opposing the government of the Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam) under President Nguyễn Văn Thiệu. Delegates of the National Liberation Front of South Vietnam (Viet Cong), as well as several smaller groups, participated in its creation.

The PRG was recognized as the government of South Vietnam by most socialist states and Malta.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> It signed the 1973 Paris Peace Treaty as an independent entity, separate from both South Vietnam and North Vietnam. After the Fall of Saigon on 30 April 1975, the PRG formally replaced the Republic of Vietnam to become the nominal and representative government of South Vietnam under the official name Republic of South Vietnam (Template:Langx), inheriting all properties, rights, obligations and sovereignty representation of the Republic of Vietnam. On 2 July 1976, the Republic of South Vietnam and the Democratic Republic of Vietnam constitutionally merged to form the current Socialist Republic of Vietnam.

History

The Provisional Revolutionary Government was preceded by the Vietnam Alliance of National, Democratic, and Peaceful Forces (VANDPF)<ref name=VANDPF>Template:Cite book</ref>Template:Failed verification made up of anti-government forces and headed by Trinh Dinh Thao.<ref name="Porter pp. 27-29">Template:Harvnb</ref> The Alliance was a collection of individuals who wanted a new South Vietnamese government but disagreed with the ever-present Northern Communist presence.Template:Citation needed

Discussions about forming an alliance had begun as early as 1966, but plans were disrupted when South Vietnamese intelligence agents apprehended a prominent anti-government figure, Ba Tra. Ba Tra gave the South Vietnamese government extensive information on anti-government forces working in the city.<ref name="Tảng p. 131">Template:Harvnb</ref> This setback was compounded by his identification of one of the key cadre in the financial division.<ref name="Tảng p. 131" />

Under torture, Ba Tra identified more figures in the underground, who were then arrested. By 1967, the entire Saigon organization had been sent further underground.<ref name="Tảng p. 132">Template:Harvnb</ref>

In early 1969, the then-new American president, Richard Nixon, started a process of Vietnamization to allow the American Armed Forces to withdraw from South Vietnam.<ref name="Tảng p. 147">Template:Harvnb</ref>

1969–1975

On 8 June 1969 delegates from the Vietcong, the VANDPF, the People's Revolutionary Party (the South Vietnamese communist party) and "the usual assortment of mass organizations, ethnic groups, and geopolitical regions" met off Route 22 in Cambodia's Fishhook region and formed the Provisional Revolutionary Government (PRG).<ref name="Tảng p. 147" /> Banners displayed prominently at the convention proclaimed that "South Vietnam is independent, democratic, peaceful, and neutral".<ref name="Tảng p. 147" />

Following the military and political results of the 1968 Tet Offensive and related military offensives in the South by Saigon and the United States, in which the Vietcong suffered serious military losses, the PRG was envisioned as a political counter-force that could influence international public opinion in support of reunification and in opposition to the United States and South Vietnam.<ref name="Tảng p. 146"/>

The declared purpose of the PRG was to provide a formal governmental structure to the NLF and enhance its claim of representing "the Southern people".<ref name="Tảng pp. 146-147">Template:Harvnb</ref> Included in this strategy was the pursuit of a negotiated settlement to the war leading to reunification, organized during the initial phase of Vietnamization. According to Justice Minister Trương Như Tảng, the new group's main purpose was to help the NLF "acquire a new international stature."<ref name="Tảng p. 146">Template:Harvnb</ref>

During 1969–70, most of the PRG's cabinet ministries operated near the Cambodian border. Starting on 29 March to late April 1970, the US and South Vietnamese offensives forced the PRG to flee deeper into Cambodia. The stressful escape caused many of the PRG officials (such as Trương Như Tạng) to need extensive medical furloughs. After Trương Như Tạng returned, he noticed that new cadres from the north were causing problems for the non-communist members of the PRG.<ref name="Tảng p. 186">Template:Harvnb</ref> One member in particular, Ba Cap, harshly denounced most of the PRG as bourgeois.<ref name="Tảng p. 188">Template:Harvnb</ref> Tạng complained to the higher members of the DRV government, but was rebuffed. Tạng later saw this as the point when the PRG turned from being an independent South Vietnam-based alternative government to being a mouthpiece for the communist movement.<ref name="Tảng pp. 188-189">Template:Harvnb</ref>

The central bodies of the PRG functioned as a provisional government. The PRG maintained diplomatic relations with many countries of the Non-Aligned Movement, such as Algeria and SFR Yugoslavia<ref name="HronikaBelgrade">Template:Cite book</ref> as well as with the Soviet Union and the People's Republic of China.

1975–1976

After the Fall of Saigon on 30 April 1975, the PRG assumed power in South Vietnam and subsequently participated in the reunification of Vietnam.

According to professor Ngô Vĩnh Long (University of Maine), mid-July 1975, the delegates of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (Nguyễn Văn Lưu) and the Republic of South Vietnam (Đinh Bá Thi) applied to join the United Nations (UN) as two independent member states. However, both countries failed in joining the United Nations due to American vetoes on 11 August and 30 September 1975 as the USSR and China refused to allow South Korea to join the organization on 6 August. However, North Vietnam and North Vietnam-controlled South Vietnam became two UN observers in 1975.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Kuwait was the last country to recognize and establish diplomatic relations with the Republic of South Vietnam on 22 and 24 January 1976, before North and South Vietnam were eventually reunited on 2 July 1976.

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Government and politics

Cabinet

Post	Name	Took office	Left office	Party
Chairman of Consultative Council (Head of State)	Nguyễn Hữu Thọ	6 June 1969	2 July 1976	People's Revolutionary Party and Democratic Party of Vietnam
Chairman of Government (Prime Minister and de facto leader)	Huỳnh Tấn Phát	8 June 1969	2 July 1976	People's Revolutionary Party and Democratic Party of Vietnam
Vice-chairman	Phung Van Cung	8 June 1969	1976	Democratic Party of Vietnam
Vice-chairman	Nguyễn Văn Kiệt	8 June 1969	1976
Vice-chairman	Nguyen Doa	8 June 1969	1976
Minister of Presidential Palace of Government	Tran Buu Kiem	8 June 1969	1976	People's Revolutionary Party and Democratic Party of Vietnam
Minister of Defense	Trần Nam Trung	8 June 1969	1976	People's Revolutionary Party
Minister of Foreign Affairs	Nguyễn Thị Bình	8 June 1969	1976	People's Revolutionary Party
Minister of the Interior	Phung Van Cung	8 June 1969	1976
Minister of Justice	Trương Như Tảng	8 June 1969	1976
Minister of Economy and Finance	Cao Van Bon Duong Ky Hiep (acting from 1975)	8 June 1969	died 1971
Minister of Information and Culture	Lưu Hữu Phước	8 June 1969	1976
Minister of Education and Youth	Nguyễn Văn Kiệt	8 June 1969	1976
Minister of Health, Social Action and Disabled Soldiers	Dương Quỳnh Hoa	8 June 1969	1976	People's Revolutionary Party

Culture

Music

The national anthem of the Government was Liberate the South (Vietnamese: Template:Lang). The song was written in 1961 by Lưu Hữu Phước (1921–1989) and adopted at that time as the anthem of the National Liberation Front of South Vietnam (Viet Cong).

In 1966, Lưu Hữu Phước wrote a military song Template:Illm (Template:Lang) as an encouragement the soldiers going to attack Saigon in the Tet Offensive. The song was spread again during the fall of Saigon.