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Premier of Western Australia

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Template:Short description Template:Pp-protected Template:Use dmy dates Template:Use Australian English Template:Infobox official post

The premier of Western Australia is the head of government of the state of Western Australia.<ref name="Premiers factsheet">Template:Cite web</ref> The role of premier at a state level is similar to the role of the prime minister of Australia at a federal level. The premier leads the executive branch of the Government of Western Australia and is accountable to the Parliament of Western Australia. The premier is appointed by the governor of Western Australia. By convention, the governor appoints as premier whoever has the support of the majority of the Western Australian Legislative Assembly, the lower house of the Parliament of Western Australia. In practice, this means that the premier is the leader of the political party or group of parties with a majority of seats in the Legislative Assembly. Since Western Australia achieved self-governance in 1890, there have been 31 premiers. Roger Cook is the current premier, having been appointed to the position on 8 June 2023.

History

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The position of premier is not mentioned in the constitution of Western Australia. From 1890 to 1917, the premier was not an official position, rather, it was the title unofficially given, but widely used to refer, to the head of the government.<ref name="Premiers factsheet" />Template:Sfn When Western Australia became a self-governing colony in 1890, Governor William Robinson initially indicated he would use the title prime minister to refer to the head of the government. However, after he appointed John Forrest, the title premier was used for consistency with the other Australian colonies.<ref name="Premiers factsheet" />Template:Sfn The position was first officially mentioned when the governor appointed Henry Lefroy as premier on 28 June 1917. However, when the governor designated and declared the six executive offices of the government on 2 July 1917, the position of premier was not listed, creating an ambiguity.<ref name="Premiers factsheet" />Template:Sfn<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> It was not until 3 April 1947 that the premier became one of the executive offices of the government.<ref name="Premiers factsheet" />Template:Sfn<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

The most common cause for a change of premier is an election. Since the 1990s, elections have occurred roughly every four years. Before then, elections were at most three years apart, except for during World War II. A less common cause for a change of premier is the ruling party changing its leader. This can occur as a result of a resignation, death or leadership spill. In this case, the new premier is whoever the party elects as its new leader. Another cause for a change of premier is a loss of majority support in the Legislative Assembly. This commonly occurred in the first three decades of self-governance, but has not occurred since 1916. If this occurs, the premier must either resign or be dismissed by the governor.Template:Sfn

Powers and function

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The powers of the premier are set out by convention and by legislation. By convention, the premier advises the Monarch of Australia as to who to appoint as governor. The premier advises the governor as to who to appoint to cabinet and which portfolios should be given to each cabinet minister. The premier sets out the responsibilities of ministers and the acts that they would administer. The premier leads the cabinet and chairs cabinet meetings. They communicate with the governor, the cabinet, the state government, other state and territory governments, the federal government, and overseas governments. The premier advises the governor on when state elections should be held. They oversee the Department of the Premier and Cabinet. While premier, they stay as a member of parliament and they retain their responsibility for representing their electoral district.<ref name="Premiers factsheet" />

Characteristics

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As of 2023, there have been 31 premiers of Western Australia.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Carmen Lawrence, who was appointed on 12 February 1990, is the first and only woman to be premier of Western Australia. She is also the first woman to be premier of an Australian state.<ref name="Premiers factsheet" /><ref name="Carmen Lawrence parliament biography">Template:Cite web</ref> By convention, the premier is a member of the Legislative Assembly. However, the premier can be a member of either house of parliament. Hal Colebatch is the only premier to be a member of the Legislative Council (upper house). He served for 30 days in 1919, making him the shortest serving premier of Western Australia.<ref name="Premiers factsheet" />Template:Sfn David Brand is the longest serving premier, serving for 11 years and 335 days between 1959 and 1971.<ref name="Premiers factsheet" />Template:Sfn The youngest premier is John Scaddan, who was 35 years, 2 months and 3 days old when he was sworn in in 1911.<ref name="Premiers factsheet" />Template:Sfn The oldest premier is John Tonkin, who was 69 years, 1 month and 1 day old when he was sworn in in 1971.<ref name="Premiers factsheet" />Template:Sfn Newton Moore became premier after two years in parliament, the least time aside from Forrest. Tonkin became premier after almost 38 years in parliament, the most time in parliament before becoming premier.Template:Sfn The only father and son pair to have both been premier is Charles Court and his son Richard Court. George Leake, who died of pneumonia on 24 June 1902, is the only premier to have died in office.<ref name="Premiers factsheet" />Template:Sfn Moore, Philip Collier, John Willcock and Geoff Gallop are the only premiers to have resigned due to ill health.Template:Sfn<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Forrest, Colebatch and Lawrence are the only premiers to have served in the Parliament of Australia as well.Template:Sfn Forrest and Lawrence are the only premiers to have been ministers in the Government of Australia as well. Moore is the only premier to have served in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom.Template:Sfn The only premier to subsequently serve as governor is James Mitchell.<ref name="Premiers factsheet" /> George Leake, Frank Wilson, Phillip Collier and Mitchell are the only people to have been premier more than once.Template:Sfn There are currently eight living former premiers.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The most recent premier to die is Ray O'Connor, who was premier from 1982 to 1983 and died in 2013.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="WAtoday 26 February 2013"/>

Two former premiers have been sentenced to jail. In 1994, Brian Burke was sentenced to two years in jail for defrauding the state by $17,000 by making false claims on the parliamentary imprest account.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> He was released on parole after serving seven months.<ref name="Brian Burke Business News">Template:Cite web</ref> In 1995, O'Connor served six months in jail for stealing a $25,000 cheque from the Bond Corporation during his time as premier.<ref name="WAtoday 26 February 2013">Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In 1997, Burke was sentenced to three years jail for stealing $122,585 in Labor Party campaign donations. He served six months before this conviction was quashed upon appeal.<ref name="Brian Burke Business News" /><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

List of premiers of Western Australia

[edit]
Template:Abbr Portrait NameTemplate:Br(Birth–death)Template:BrConstituency Election Term of officeTemplate:Sfn Political partyTemplate:Sfn Ministry Monarch GovernorTemplate:Sfn Template:Abbr
Took office Left office Time in office
rowspan="4"; style="background:Template:Party color |1 File:John Forrest.jpg Sir John Forrest
(1847–1918)
MLA for Bunbury
1890–1901
1890
1894
1897
29 December 1890 14 February 1901 10 years,Template:Br48 days None Forrest ministry Victoria Frederick Broome Template:Sfn<ref>Template:Cite Australian Dictionary of Biography</ref>
William Robinson
Gerard Smith
Edward VII
rowspan="2"; style="background:Template:Party color |2 File:George Throssell (1840-1910).jpg George Throssell
(1840–1910)
MLA for Northam
1890–1904
MLC for East Province
1907–1910
1901 14 February 1901 27 May 1901 101 days None Throssell ministry Template:Sfn<ref>Template:Cite Australian Dictionary of Biography</ref>
Arthur Lawley
style="background:Template:Party color |3 File:George Leake.jpg George Leake
(1856–1902)
MLA for Roebourne
1890
MLA for Albany
1894–1900
MLA for West Perth
1901–1902
27 May 1901 21 November 1901 178 days None First Leake ministry Template:Sfn<ref>Template:Cite Australian Dictionary of Biography</ref>
style="background:Template:Party color |4 File:Alf Morgans (1850-1933).jpg Alf Morgans
(1850–1933)
MLA for Coolgardie
1897–1904
21 November 1901 23 December 1901 32 days None Morgans ministry Template:Sfn<ref>Template:Cite Australian Dictionary of Biography</ref>
style="background:Template:Party color |(3) File:George Leake.jpg George Leake
(1856–1902)
MLA for Roebourne
1890
MLA for Albany
1894–1900
MLA for West Perth
1901–1902
23 December 1901 24 June 1902 190 days None Second Leake ministry Template:Sfn
rowspan="2"; style="background:Template:Party color |5 File:Walter James.jpg Sir Walter James
(1863–1943)
MLA for East Perth
1894–1904
1 July 1902 10 August 1904 2 years,Template:Br40 days None James ministry Template:Sfn<ref>Template:Cite Australian Dictionary of Biography</ref>
Frederick Bedford
style="background:Template:Party color; color:white" |6 File:HenryDaglish.jpeg Henry Daglish
(1866–1920)
MLA for Subiaco

1901–1911
1904 10 August 1904 25 August 1905 1 year,Template:Br15 days Labor Daglish ministry Template:Sfn<ref>Template:Cite Australian Dictionary of Biography</ref>
style="background:Template:Party color |7 File:Cornthwaite Rason (1858-1927).jpg Sir Hector Rason
(1858–1927)
MLC for Swan
1889–1890
MLA for South Murchison
1897–1901
MLA for Guildford
1901–1906
1905 25 August 1905 7 May 1906 255 days None Rason ministry Template:Sfn<ref>Template:Cite Australian Dictionary of Biography</ref>
rowspan="3"; style="background:Template:Party color |8 File:Newton Moore (1870-1936).jpeg Sir Newton Moore
(1870–1936)
MLA for Bunbury
1904–1911
1908 7 May 1906 16 September 1910 4 years,Template:Br132 days None Moore ministry Template:Sfn<ref>Template:Cite Australian Dictionary of Biography</ref>
Gerald Strickland
George V
style="background:Template:Party color |9 File:Frank Wilson (1859-1918).jpeg Frank Wilson
(1859–1918)
MLA for Canning
1897–1901
MLA for Perth
1901
MLA for Sussex
1904–1917
16 September 1910 7 October 1911 1 year,Template:Br21 days None First Wilson ministry Template:Sfn<ref name="Frank Wilson">Template:Cite Australian Dictionary of Biography</ref>
rowspan="2" style="background:Template:Party color; color:white" |10 File:John Scaddan.jpg John Scaddan
(1876–1934)
MLA for Ivanhoe
1904–1911
MLA for Brown Hill-Ivanhoe
1911–1916
1916–1917
MLA for Albany
1919–1924
MLA for Maylands
1930–1933
1911
1914
7 October 1911 27 July 1916 4 years,Template:Br294 days Labor Scaddan ministry Template:Sfn<ref>Template:Cite Australian Dictionary of Biography</ref>
Harry Barron
rowspan="2" style="background:Template:Party color; color:white" |(9) File:Frank Wilson (1859-1918).jpeg Frank Wilson
(1859–1918)
MLA for Canning
1897–1901
MLA for Perth
1901
MLA for Sussex
1904–1917
27 July 1916 28 June 1917 336 days Liberal Second Wilson ministry Template:Sfn<ref name="Frank Wilson" />
William Ellison-Macartney
style="background:Template:Party color; color:white" |11 File:Henry Lefroy.jpg Sir Henry Lefroy
(1854–1930)
MLA for Moore
1892–1901
1911–1921
1917 28 June 1917 17 April 1919 1 year,Template:Br293 days Nationalist Lefroy ministry Template:Sfn<ref>Template:Cite Australian Dictionary of Biography</ref>
style="background:Template:Party color; color:white" |12 File:Hal Colebatch.jpg Sir Hal Colebatch
(1872–1953)
MLC for East Province
1912–1923
MLC for Metropolitan Province
(1940–1948)
17 April 1919 17 May 1919 30 days Nationalist Colebatch ministry Template:Sfn<ref>Template:Cite Australian Dictionary of Biography</ref>
rowspan="2" style="background:Template:Party color; color:white" |13 File:Sir James Mitchell.jpg Sir James Mitchell
(1866–1951)
MLA for Northam
1905–1933
1921 17 May 1919 17 April 1924 4 years,Template:Br335 days Nationalist First Mitchell ministry Template:Sfn<ref name="James Mitchell">Template:Cite Australian Dictionary of Biography</ref>
Francis Newdegate
rowspan="2" style="background:Template:Party color; color:white" |14 File:Philip Collier.jpg Philip Collier
(1873–1948)
MLA for Boulder
1905–1948
1924
1927
17 April 1924 24 April 1930 6 years,Template:Br8 days Labor First Collier ministry Template:Sfn<ref name="Philip Collier">Template:Cite Australian Dictionary of Biography</ref>
William Campion
rowspan="2" style="background:Template:Party color; color:white" |(13) File:Sir James Mitchell.jpg Sir James Mitchell
(1866–1951)
MLA for Northam
1905–1933
1930 24 April 1930 26 April 1933 3 years Nationalist Second Mitchell ministry Template:Sfn<ref name="James Mitchell" />
None
rowspan="2" style="background:Template:Party color; color:white" |(14) File:Philip Collier.jpg Philip Collier
(1873–1948)
MLA for Boulder
1905–1948
1933
1936
26 April 1933 19 August 1936 3 years,Template:Br118 days Labor Second Collier ministry Template:Sfn<ref name="Philip Collier" />
Edward VIII
rowspan="2" style="background:Template:Party color; color:white" |15 File:John Willcock.jpg John Willcock
(1879–1947)
MLA for Geraldton
1917–1947
1939
1943
19 August 1936 31 July 1945 8 years,Template:Br345 days Labor Willcock ministry Template:Sfn<ref>Template:Cite Australian Dictionary of Biography</ref>
George VI
style="background:Template:Party color; color:white" |16 File:Honfrankjosephwise.jpg Frank Wise
(1897–1986)
MLA for Gascoyne
1933–1951
31 July 1945 1 April 1947 1 year,Template:Br244 days Labor Wise ministry Template:Sfn
rowspan="4" style="background:Template:Party color; color:white" |17 File:Ross McLarty.jpg Sir Ross McLarty
(1891–1962)
MLA for Murray-Wellington
1930–1962
1947
1950
1 April 1947 23 February 1953 5 years,Template:Br328 days Liberal McLarty–Watts ministry Template:Sfn<ref>Template:Cite Australian Dictionary of Biography</ref>
James Mitchell
Charles Gairdner
Elizabeth II
style="background:Template:Party color; color:white" |18 File:Albert Hawke 1965.jpg Bert Hawke
(1900–1986)
MLA for Northam
1933–1968
1953
1956
23 February 1953 2 April 1959 6 years,Template:Br37 days Labor Hawke ministry Template:Sfn<ref>Template:Cite Australian Dictionary of Biography</ref>
rowspan="3" style="background:Template:Party color; color:white" |19 File:DavidBrand1963.jpg Sir David Brand
(1912–1979)
MLA for Greenough
1945–1975
1959
1962
1965
1968
2 April 1959 3 March 1971 11 years,Template:Br335 days Liberal Brand–Watts ministry Template:Sfn<ref>Template:Cite Australian Dictionary of Biography</ref>
Brand–Nalder ministry
Douglas Kendrew
rowspan="2" style="background:Template:Party color; color:white" |20 File:JohnTonkin1964crop.jpg John Tonkin
(1902–1995)
MLA for North-East Fremantle
1933–1950
MLA for Melville
1950–1977
1971 3 March 1971 8 April 1974 3 years,Template:Br66 days Labor Tonkin ministry Template:Sfn
Hughie Edwards
rowspan="4" style="background:Template:Party color; color:white" |21 File:Charles Court 1974 (1) (cropped).jpg Sir Charles Court
(1911–2007)
MLA for Nedlands
1953–1982
1974
1977
1980
8 April 1974 25 January 1982 7 years,Template:Br292 days Liberal Court–McPharlin ministry Template:Sfn
Court ministry
Wallace Kyle
Richard Trowbridge
style="background:Template:Party color; color:white" |22 File:Ray O'Connor 1965.jpg Ray O'Connor
(1926–2013)
MLA for North Perth
1959–1962
MLA for Mount Lawley
1962–1984
25 January 1982 25 February 1983 1 year,Template:Br31 days Liberal O'Connor ministry Template:Sfn
rowspan="2" style="background:Template:Party color; color:white" |23 Brian Burke
(born 1947)
MLA for Balcatta
1973–1974
1977–1983
MLA for Balga
1974–1977
1983–1988
1983
1986
25 February 1983 25 February 1988 5 years Labor Burke ministry Template:Sfn
Gordon Reid
rowspan="2" style="background:Template:Party color; color:white" |24 File:Peter Dowding.jpg Peter Dowding
(born 1943)
MLC for North Province
1979–1986
MLA for Maylands
1986–1990
1989 25 February 1988 12 February 1990 1 year,Template:Br352 days Labor Dowding ministry Template:Sfn
None
rowspan="2" style="background:Template:Party color; color:white" |25 File:Carmen Lawrence 1990 (cropped).png Carmen Lawrence
(born 1948)
MLA for Subiaco
1986–1989
MLA for Glendalough
1989–1994
12 February 1990 16 February 1993 3 years,Template:Br4 days Labor Lawrence ministry Template:Sfn
Francis Burt
rowspan="3" style="background:Template:Party color; color:white" |26 File:Richard Court - Ambassador to Japan b.jpg Richard Court
(born 1947)
MLA for Nedlands
1982–2001
1993
1996
16 February 1993 16 February 2001 7 years,Template:Br360 days Liberal Court–Cowan ministry Template:Sfn
Michael Jeffery
John Sanderson
rowspan="2" style="background:Template:Party color; color:white" |27 File:Geoffrey Gallop Midland (cropped).jpg Geoff Gallop
(born 1951)
MLA for Victoria Park
1986–2006
2001
2005
16 February 2001 25 January 2006 4 years,Template:Br343 days Labor Gallop ministry Template:Sfn
Ken Michael
style="background:Template:Party color; color:white" |28 File:Alan Carpenter (cropped) b.jpg Alan Carpenter
(born 1951)
MLA for Willagee
1996–2009
25 January 2006 23 September 2008 2 years,Template:Br242 days Labor Carpenter ministry Template:Sfn
rowspan="3" style="background:Template:Party color; color:white" |29 File:Colin Barnett (formal) crop b.jpg Colin Barnett
(born 1950)
MLA for Cottesloe
1990 – 2018
2008
2013
23 September 2008 17 March 2017 8 years,Template:Br175 days Liberal Barnett ministry Template:Sfn
Malcolm McCusker
Kerry Sanderson
rowspan="5" style="background:Template:Party color; color:white" |30 File:Mark McGowan headshot.jpg Mark McGowan
(born 1967)
MLA for Rockingham
1996–2023
2017
2021
17 March 2017 8 June 2023 6 years,Template:Br83 days Labor First McGowan ministry <ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Kim Beazley
Second McGowan ministry
Chris Dawson
Charles III
style="background:Template:Party color; color:white" |31 File:3 Feb 15 FREO FSH gnangarra-123.jpg Roger Cook
(born 1965)
MLA for Kwinana
2008–present
2025 8 June 2023 incumbent Template:Age in years and days Labor Cook ministry <ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Graphical timeline

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<timeline> ImageSize = width:1000 height:auto barincrement:12 PlotArea = top:10 bottom:100 right:150 left:15 AlignBars = late

DateFormat = dd/mm/yyyy Period = from:01/01/1890 till:30/11/2023 TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:10 start:1890

Colors=

 id:canvas value:gray(0.5)
 id:LIB value:blue legend:Liberal
 id:NAT value:powderblue legend:Nationalist
 id:LWA value:skyblue legend:Liberal_(pre–1917)
 id:LAB value:red legend:Labor
 id:NO value:gray(0.6) legend:No_party

Legend = columns:3 left:150 top:50 columnwidth:200

TextData =

 pos:(20,55) textcolor:black fontsize:M
 text:"Political parties:"

BarData =

 bar:JohnForrest
 bar:GeorgeThrossell
 bar:GeorgeLeake
 bar:AlfMorgans
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 bar:HectorRason
 bar:NewtonMoore
 bar:FrankWilson
 bar:JohnScaddan
 bar:HenryLefroy
 bar:HalColebatch
 bar:JamesMitchell
 bar:PhilipCollier
 bar:JohnWillcock
 bar:FrankWise
 bar:RossMcLarty
 bar:AlbertHawke
 bar:DavidBrand
 bar:JohnTonkin
 bar:CharlesCourt
 bar:RayO'Connor
 bar:BrianBurke
 bar:PeterDowding
 bar:CarmenLawrence
 bar:RichardCourt
 bar:GeoffGallop
 bar:AlanCarpenter
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 bar:MarkMcGowan
 bar:RogerCook

PlotData =

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 bar:JohnForrest from:29/12/1890 till:14/02/1901 color:NO text:"John Forrest (1890–1901)"
 bar:GeorgeThrossell from:14/02/1901 till:27/05/1901 color:NO text:"George Throssell (1901)"
 bar:GeorgeLeake from:27/05/1901 till:21/11/1901 color:NO
  from:23/12/1901 till:24/06/1902 color:NO text:"George Leake (1901, 1901–1902)"
 bar:AlfMorgans from:21/11/1901 till:23/12/1901 color:NO text:"Alf Morgans (1901)"
 bar:WalterJames from:01/07/1902 till:10/08/1904 color:NO text:"Walter James (1902–1904)"
 bar:HenryDaglish from:10/08/1904 till:25/08/1905 color:LAB text:"Henry Daglish (1904–1905)"
 bar:HectorRason from:25/08/1905 till:07/05/1906 color:NO text:"Hector Rason (1905–1906)"
 bar:NewtonMoore from:07/05/1906 till:16/09/1910 color:NO text:"Newton Moore (1906–1910)"
 bar:FrankWilson from:16/09/1910 till:07/10/1911 color:NO 
  from:27/07/1916 till:28/06/1917 color:LWA text:"Frank Wilson (1910–1911, 1916–1917)"
 bar:JohnScaddan from:07/10/1911 till:27/07/1916 color:LAB text:"John Scaddan (1911–1916)"
 bar:HenryLefroy from:28/06/1917 till:17/04/1919 color:NAT text:"Henry Lefroy (1917–1919)"
 bar:HalColebatch from:17/04/1919 till:17/05/1919 color:NAT text:"Hal Colebatch (1919)"
 bar:JamesMitchell from:17/05/1919 till:16/04/1924 color:NAT
  from:24/04/1930 till:24/04/1933 color:NAT text:"James Mitchell (1919–1924, 1930–1933)"
 bar:PhilipCollier from:16/04/1924 till:24/04/1930 color:LAB
  from:24/04/1933 till:19/08/1936 color:LAB text:"Philip Collier (1924–1930, 1933–1936)"
 bar:JohnWillcock from:20/08/1936 till:31/07/1945 color:LAB text:"John Willcock (1936–1945)"
 bar:FrankWise from:31/07/1945 till:01/04/1947 color:LAB text:"Frank Wise (1945–1947)"
 bar:RossMcLarty from:01/04/1947 till:23/02/1953 color:LIB text:"Ross McLarty (1947–1953)"
 bar:AlbertHawke from:23/02/1953 till:02/04/1959 color:LAB text:"Bert Hawke (1953–1959)"
 bar:DavidBrand from:02/04/1959 till:03/03/1971 color:LIB text:"David Brand (1959–1971)"
 bar:JohnTonkin from:03/03/1971 till:08/04/1974 color:LAB text:"John Tonkin (1971–1974)"
 bar:CharlesCourt from:08/04/1974 till:25/01/1982 color:LIB text:"Charles Court (1974–1982)"
 bar:RayO'Connor from:25/01/1982 till:25/02/1983 color:LIB text:"Ray O'Connor (1982–1983)"
 bar:BrianBurke from:25/02/1983 till:25/02/1988 color:LAB text:"Brian Burke (1983–1988)"
 bar:PeterDowding from:25/02/1988 till:12/02/1990 color:LAB text:"Peter Dowding (1988–1990)"
 bar:CarmenLawrence from:12/02/1990 till:16/02/1993 color:LAB text:"Carmen Lawrence (1990–1993)"
 bar:RichardCourt from:16/02/1993 till:10/02/2001 color:LIB text:"Richard Court (1993–2001)"
 bar:GeoffGallop from:10/02/2001 till:25/01/2006 color:LAB text:"Geoff Gallop (2001–2006)"
 bar:AlanCarpenter from:25/01/2006 till:23/09/2008 color:LAB text:"Alan Carpenter (2006–2008)"
 bar:ColinBarnett from:23/09/2008 till:17/03/2017 color:LIB text:"Colin Barnett (2008–2017)"
 bar:MarkMcGowan from:17/03/2017 till:08/06/2023 color:LAB text:"Mark McGowan (2017–2023)"
 bar:RogerCook from:08/06/2023 till:end color:LAB text:"Roger Cook (2023–present)"

</timeline>

References

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Template:Reflist

Bibliography

[edit]

Template:Premiers of Western Australia Template:Government of Western Australia Template:Australian premiers Template:Western Australian ministerial portfolios