Oskar Werner
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Oskar Werner (Template:IPA; born Oskar Josef Bschließmayer; 13 November 1922 – 23 October 1984) was an Austrian stage and cinema actor who reached international fame. His most prominent roles include two 1965 films, The Spy Who Came In from the Cold and Ship of Fools. For the latter Werner received an Oscar nomination. Other notable films include Decision Before Dawn (1951), Jules and Jim (1962), Fahrenheit 451 (1966), The Shoes of the Fisherman (1968) and Voyage of the Damned (1976).
Werner accepted both stage and film roles throughout his career. He won a New York Film Critics Circle Award, a Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor and was nominated two additional Golden Globes, as well as two BAFTA Awards, and an Academy Award, among other honors.
Early life
[edit]Born in Vienna, Werner spent much of his childhood in the care of his grandmother, who entertained him with stories about the Burgtheater, the Austrian state theatre, where he was accepted at the age of 18 by Lothar Müthel. He was the youngest person to receive this recognition. He made his theatre debut using the stage name Oskar Werner in October 1941.<ref name=Bio>Robert Dachs, Oskar Werner Gebundene Ausgabe: 224 Seiten Verlag: Kremayr & Scheriau; Auflage: N.-A. (1 January 1992); Template:ISBN/Template:ISBN.Template:In lang</ref>Template:Clarify
In December 1941, Werner was drafted into the Deutsche Wehrmacht. As a pacifist and staunch opponent of National Socialism, he was determined to avoid advancement in the army: Template:Blockquote He was assigned to peeling potatoes and cleaning latrines instead of being sent to the Eastern Front. In 1944, he secretly married actress Template:Interlanguage link, who was half Jewish.<ref name=spiegel>Staff (6 September 2004). "Elisabeth Kallina" Template:Webarchive (in German), Der Spiegel; retrieved 9 February 2013.</ref>
They had a daughter Eleanore. That December, he deserted the Wehrmacht and fled with his wife and daughter to the Wienerwald (Vienna Woods), where they remained in hiding until the end of the war.<ref name=Bio/> He would later remember, "The artillery fire was constant for two and a half days. The shells hit all around our little hut and it was shaking like a leaf ... We knew that to go out there would be suicide, but it was better than to have to wait for execution."<ref name=Armbrister/>
Career
[edit]Template:More citations needed
Early
[edit]Werner returned to the Burgtheater and acted in productions at the Raimund Theater and the Theater in der Josefstadt, frequently playing character roles. He made his film debut in Der Engel mit der Posaune, directed by Karl Hartl, in 1948.<ref name=Bio/> The following year he portrayed Ludwig van Beethoven's nephew Karl in Eroica.Template:Citation needed
In 1950, Werner journeyed to the United Kingdom to reprise the role he had played in Der Engel mit der Posaune in its English-language version The Angel with the Trumpet, directed by Anthony Bushell. He and his wife divorced at about this time but remained friends.<ref name=Bio/> He appeared in a few more German-Austrian films before going to Hollywood for a lead role in the 20th Century Fox war film Decision Before Dawn.Template:Citation needed
When the subsequent roles promised by the studio failed to materialize, he returned to Europe<ref name="nyt" /> and settled in Triesen, Liechtenstein in a home he designed and built with a friend. He returned to the stage and performed in Hamlet, Danton's Death, Henry IV, Henry V, Torquato Tasso, and Becket.
After a period of inactivity in films, Werner appeared in five in 1955, including Mozart, in which he played the title role, and Lola Montès, directed by Max Ophüls. It was not until 1962, when he appeared in Jules and Jim, that he began to draw critical acclaim and international recognition.Template:Citation needed
Later
[edit]Werner's portrayal of the philosophical Dr. Schumann in the 1965 film Ship of Fools won him the New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actor and nominations for the Academy Award for Best Actor,<ref name="nyt" /> the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Drama,<ref name="globes">Template:Cite web</ref> and the BAFTA Award for Best Foreign Actor.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> His portrayal of Fiedler in The Spy Who Came In from the Cold (1965) won him the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor – Motion Picture<ref name="globes" /> and his second BAFTA nomination.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
In 1966, he played a book-burning fireman Guy Montag who rebels against a controlled society in François Truffaut's Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury.<ref name="nyt" /> He played an orchestra conductor in Interlude<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> and a Vatican priest loosely based on Pierre Teilhard de Chardin in The Shoes of the Fisherman in 1968.
In the early 1970s, Werner returned to the stage and spent time traveling in Israel, Italy, Malta, France, and the United States.<ref name=Bio/> He appeared in the episode of Columbo titled "Playback" in 1975, and the following year made his final screen appearance in Voyage of the Damned, for which he received another Golden Globe nomination.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> He had an uncredited role as a Wehrmacht Officer in the 1974 film The Odessa File.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Werner was also set to appear in Michael Cimino's love triangle drama Perfect Strangers alongside Roy Scheider and Romy Schneider. The film was two weeks into preproduction shooting when it was halted, due to a lot of political machinations at the studio.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite bookpage 209</ref>
His last stage appearance was in a production of The Prince of Homburg in 1983, and he made his last public appearance in 1984 at the Mozart Hall in Salzburg ten days before his death.Template:Citation needed
Personal life
[edit]In 1944, while serving in the Wehrmacht, Werner secretly married actress Elisabeth Kallina, who was half Jewish.<ref name=spiegel/> The couple had a daughter, Eleanore. They divorced in 1952. In 1954, he married Anne Power, the daughter of French actress Annabella and adopted daughter of Tyrone Power.<ref name=Bio/> They were divorced in 1968. From 1965 to 1969, Werner was in a relationship with Diana Bennett Wanger, daughter of actress Joan Bennett, and they had one son, Felix Florian Werner, born 1966.
Werner was an alcoholic, which contributed heavily to the decline of his health and career.<ref name="nyt">Template:Cite news</ref> He was cast in Stanley Kubrick's Barry Lyndon as Captain Potzdorf, then replaced after a week, due to his drinking, by Hardy Krüger.
On 22 October 1984, he cancelled a reading at the Hotel Europäischer Hof in Marburg an der Lahn, Germany, feeling ill. He was found dead of a heart attack the following morning, at 61. He is buried in Liechtenstein.<ref name=Bio/>
Filmography and television work
[edit]See also
[edit]- List of Austrian film actors
- List of German Academy Award winners and nominees
- List of Liechtensteiners
- List of people from Vienna
References
[edit]External links
[edit]- 1922 births
- 1984 deaths
- 20th-century Austrian male actors
- Austrian expatriate male actors in the United States
- Austrian expatriates in Liechtenstein
- Austrian male film actors
- Austrian male television actors
- Austrian military personnel of World War II
- Austrian pacifists
- Austrian soldiers
- Best Supporting Actor Golden Globe (film) winners
- Deserters
- German Army soldiers of World War II
- Male actors from Vienna
- People from Mariahilf