Moray

Template:Short description Template:About Template:Use dmy dates Template:Use British English Template:Infobox settlement

Moray (Template:IPAc-en Template:Audio; Template:Langx or Template:Lang) is one of the 32 council areas of Scotland. It lies in the north-east of the country, with a coastline on the Moray Firth, and borders the council areas of Aberdeenshire and Highland. Its council is based in Elgin, the area's largest town. The main towns are generally in the north of the area on the coastal plain. The south of the area is more sparsely populated and mountainous, including part of the Cairngorms National Park.

The council area is named after the historic county of Moray (called Elginshire prior to 1919), which was in turn named after the medieval Province of Moray, each of which covered different areas to the modern council area. The modern area of Moray was created in 1975 as a lower-tier district within the Grampian Region. The Moray district became a single-tier council area in 1996.

History

The name, first attested around 970 as Template:Lang, and in Latinised form by 1124 as Template:Lang, derives from the earlier Celtic forms *mori 'sea' and *treb 'settlement' (cf. Welsh môr-tref).<ref>David Mills, A Dictionary of British Place-Names, rev. edn (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011), p. 333.</ref>

During the Middle Ages, the Province of Moray was much larger than the modern council area, also covering much of what is now Highland. During this period Moray's status fluctuated; it was sometimes an independent kingdom, and at other times a vassal of Alba (early Scotland) to the south. In the early 12th century, Moray's last independent ruler, Óengus of Moray, was defeated by David I of Scotland, and the area was then absorbed into the Kingdom of Scotland.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> It was divided into the shires of Elginshire, Nairnshire and the mainland parts of Inverness-shire.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Elginshire was seen as the core of the old Moray territory and so was often informally called Moray. In 1919 Elginshire County Council renamed the county Moray.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

The modern territory called Moray was created in 1975 under the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1973, which abolished Scotland's counties, burghs and landward districts and replaced them with a two-tier system of regions and districts. The new Moray district covered ten of the twelve previous districts of the county of Moray plus over half of the area of the neighbouring county of Banffshire to the east:<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref name=1973act>Template:Cite legislation UK</ref>

From the county of Moray

Burghead burgh
Duffus and Drainie district
Elgin burgh
Elgin district
Fochabers district
Forres burgh
Forres district
Lossiemouth and Branderburgh burgh
Rothes burgh
Rothes and Knockando burgh

From Banffshire

Aberlour burgh
Buckie burgh
Buckie district
Cullen burgh
Cullen district (except parish of Fordyce, which went to Banff and Buchan)
Dufftown burgh
Dufftown district
Findochty burgh
Keith burgh
Keith district
Portknockie burgh

The only two districts from the pre-1975 county of Moray that were not included in the new Moray district were the burgh of Grantown-on-Spey and the surrounding Cromdale district, which went instead to the Badenoch and Strathspey district of the Highland region. This area had been a comparatively recent addition to the county, having been part of Inverness-shire until 1870.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> The eastern parts of Banffshire not included in the new Moray district went to the Banff and Buchan district. Moray District Council was a district-level authority, with regional-level functions provided by the Grampian Regional Council, based in Aberdeen.<ref name=1973act/>

The districts and regions created in 1975 were abolished in 1996, under the Local Government etc. (Scotland) Act 1994 and replaced with single-tier council areas. The Moray district became one of the new council areas.<ref>Template:Cite legislation UK</ref>

The boundaries of the pre-1975 county of Moray are still used for some limited official purposes connected with land registration, being a registration county.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The Moray lieutenancy area covers the parts of the pre-1975 county that are within the modern council area (being the pre-1975 county excluding Cromdale and Grantown-on-Spey). The Banffshire lieutenancy area covers the pre-1975 county, which therefore straddles the modern Moray and Aberdeenshire council areas.<ref>Template:Cite legislation UK</ref>

Politics

Moray Council is based at the Council Offices in Elgin, formerly the offices of the old Moray and Nairn Joint County Council.

Moray is represented in large part by the Moray West, Nairn and Strathspey constituency,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> and in small part by the Aberdeenshire North and Moray East constituency.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The MP for the Moray West, Nairn and Strathspey constituency is Graham Leadbitter of the SNP, and the MP for the Aberdeenshire North and Moray East constituency is Seamus Logan of the SNP.

For the Scottish Parliament, the majority of Moray is in the Moray constituency and the Highlands and Islands electoral region. The eastern corner of Moray (consisting of the Buckie ward and the eastern part of the Keith and Cullen ward) is instead in the Banffshire and Buchan Coast constituency and the North-East Scotland electoral region.

In the 2014 Scottish independence referendum, Moray voted 'No' by an above-average percentage of 57.6%. In the 2016 European Union membership referendum, Moray voted 'Remain' by a 50.1% margin. It had the biggest percentage for 'Leave' out of all the Scottish council areas and the narrowest margin of victory for either side anywhere in the UK.

Settlements

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The large majority of Moray's population live in the northern part of the district; only one of its eight wards covers the glens to the south. Elgin is by far the largest town, being home to 25% of the population at the 2011 census.

Largest settlements by population:


Settlement	Population (Template:Scottish settlement population citation)<ref name="auto">Template:Scottish settlement population citation</ref>
Elgin	Template:Scottish locality population
Forres	Template:Scottish locality population
Buckie	Template:Scottish locality population
Lossiemouth	Template:Scottish locality population
Keith	Template:Scottish locality population
Burghead	Template:Scottish locality population
Lhanbryde	Template:Scottish locality population
Fochabers	Template:Scottish locality population
Hopeman	Template:Scottish locality population
Dufftown	Template:Scottish locality population

Education

Template:Expand section There are 45 primary and eight secondary schools in Moray and the council currently has responsibility for educating more than 13,000 pupils. The council's community learning and development team is also involved in arranging a wide range of classes and courses for adult learners. The council also currently operates 15 public libraries, all with free internet and e-mail access, and two mobile libraries, which service users in more remote areas.

Moray is also home to the University of the Highlands and Islands affiliated Moray College, and to Gordonstoun independent boarding school and its accompanying preparatory school, Aberlour House.

Infrastructure

Template:Expand section Moray Council is also responsible for the maintenance of 1,000 miles of roads, 450 miles of footpaths, 468 bridges, 16,000 street lights and 10,500 road signs.{{<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>}}

As a housing authority, Moray Council manages nearly 6,000 council properties and operates a council house waiting list. It also provides housing which has been specially designed, built, or adapted to meet the requirements of certain groups, such as the elderly and those with special needs. The council's development control section, which is part of the environmental services department, deals with thousands of planning applications every year from individuals and organisations seeking permission to erect buildings or adapt existing ones.Template:Relevance inline

Drug issues

In 2020, Scotland had the highest number of drug-related deaths in Europe, almost 3.5 times higher than the rest of the UK.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Figures from the National Records of Scotland show there were 17 drug deaths in the Moray area in 2018 compared to 7 the year before. That compares to 10 in both 2016 and 2015, 2 in 2014 and 5 in 2013. The 2018 figures for the Moray area were the highest since records began in 1996, mirroring the national picture.

In 2019, 12 drug-related deaths were reported - 5 fewer than the record high of the previous year.<ref name="forres-gazette.co.uk">Template:Cite web</ref> This represents a drug-related death rate per 1,000 people of 0.12. By comparison, the death rate in neighbouring Aberdeenshire per 1,000 people was 0.08; in Dundee it was 0.36 (the highest in the country); in Glasgow it was 0.35 (the second highest in the country); the lowest in Scotland was Orkney with a rate of 0.06.<ref name="forres-gazette.co.uk"/>

Environment

File:Aberdeen Aberdeenshire Moray topo.png

Topographic map of Moray and Aberdeenshire

Template:Expand section Approximately 50,000 tonnes of waste is collected from homes and commercial properties in Moray.Template:Citation needed Households in many communities benefit from a kerbside recycling service.Template:Relevance inline There are over 60 recycling points located throughout Moray in addition to eight larger recycling centres.

Economy

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Employment

The working population of Moray in 2003 was nearly 40,000: of whom around 34,000 were employees and 6000 self-employed. Of these 34,000, 31% were employed in the public sector, compared with 27% for Scotland and 25% for the UK (the RAF personnel are not included in these figures). Only 18% of jobs are managerial or professional, compared to 25% for Scotland.

File:Employmentmoray.png

People employed in Moray (2003)

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Economic performance and development

The gross value added (GVA)<ref>GVA = Gross Value Added is the term now used for total wealth created in the regional economy. Measured at basic prices, it is close to what was formerly known as Gross Domestic Product at factor cost.</ref> in Moray was £1.26 billion in 2003. This corresponds to an output of £14,500 per resident and was 6% below the average for Scotland and 12% below that of the UK.

The diagrams show the strong reliance on the food and drink industry, i.e. the distilling, canned food and biscuit manufacturing industries. The public sector is also very prominent. Of the total GVA of £1.26 billion, food and drink is responsible for 19% while 3% is the Scottish figure and 2% for the UK. Moray is responsible for 9% of the entire food and drink GVA of Scotland. Significant areas where Moray has a larger than average share of national markets are in tourism, forest products, textiles and specialised metal working. In contrast, however, Moray is significantly underrepresented in the business services area at 15% of GVA, while it is 19% for Scotland and 25% for the UK. Template:Multiple image Template:Clear left

In March 2014 a tourism strategy was launched by the Moray Economic Partnership aimed at doubling the £95m industry over the next decade.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In June 2014 a website (morayspeyside.com) was launched under the auspices of the Moray Chamber of Commerce to support the strategy and provide a one-stop shop for visitors.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Earnings

Compared to Scottish or British levels, average incomes in Moray are low. The average wage in 2003 was £286 per week, which was 12% below the Scottish average and 18% below the British (these statistics exclude the armed forces). These figures reflect the large amount of part-time employment, with fewer qualified workers and less managerial and professional jobs. 16% of residents commute outwards, which is relatively high. Of these, two-thirds work in Aberdeen or Aberdeenshire, mainly in the oil and gas industry. These outward commuters earn significantly more than local workers.

Business base

In 2004, there were around 2,500 VAT registered businesses in Moray, with 75% of businesses employing fewer than five people and about half of firms with a turnover of less than £100,000. 60% of employees are employed in small firms, compared to 48% for Scotland as a whole.

Moray's major companies export their products to other British regions and abroad and many of the smaller companies have direct involvement with neighbouring economies in Aberdeen, Aberdeenshire, and Highland. Also, a large outward-commuting workforce (estimated to be in excess of 5,000 people) derives its income from the neighbouring centres of Aberdeen and Inverness.

File:VATregisteredmoray.png

VAT registered enterprises in Moray (2004)

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Demographics

An inhabitant of Moray, especially the historic Mormaer of Moray, is called, 'Moravian.'<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

File:Moraypopulation.png

Projected population for Moray (2004 – 2024)

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Ethnicity


Ethnic Group	2001<ref name=":1">Template:Cite web</ref>		2011<ref name=":1" /><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>		2022<ref name="2022census_Scot">Template:Cite web Alternative URL 'Search data by location' > 'Local Authority (CA2019)' > 'Moray' > 'Ethnic group, national identity, language and religion' > 'Ethnic Group'</ref>
Ethnic Group	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%

White: Total	86,175	99.12%	92,263	98.89%	91,055	97.60%
White: Scottish	69,948	80.46%	72,470	77.68%	68,785	73.73%
White: Other British	14,629	16.83%	16,823	18.03%	18,674	20.02%
White: Irish	409	0.47%	430	0.46%	514	0.55%
White: Gypsy/Traveller<ref group="note" name="auto">New category created for the 2011 census</ref>	–	–	79	0.08%	87	0.09%
White: Polish<ref name="auto" group="note" />	–	–	985	1.06%	1,080	1.16%
White: Other	1,189	1.37%	1,476	1.58%	1,915	2.05%
Asian, Asian Scottish or Asian British: Total	402	0.46%	599	0.64%	913	0.98%
Asian, Asian Scottish or Asian British: Indian	71	0.08%	101	0.11%	199	0.21%
Asian, Asian Scottish or Asian British: Pakistani	124	0.14%	149	0.16%	152	0.16%
Asian, Asian Scottish or Asian British: Bangladeshi	17	–	16	–	57	0.06%
Asian, Asian Scottish or Asian British: Chinese	151	0.17%	164	0.18%	201	0.22%
Asian, Asian Scottish or Asian British: Asian Other	39	–	169	0.18%	298	0.32%
Black, Black Scottish or Black British<ref group="note">Category restructured for the 2011 census</ref>	19	–	–	–	–	–
African: Total	36	–	88	0.09%	156	0.17%
African: African, African Scottish or African British	–	–	78	0.08%	13	–
African: Other African	–	–	10	–	147	0.16%
Caribbean or Black: Total	–	–	57	0.06%	111	0.12%
Caribbean	54	0.06%	43	0.05%	44	0.05%
Black	–	–	11	–	15	–
Caribbean or Black: Other	–	–	3	–	52	–
Mixed or multiple ethnic groups: Total	150	0.17%	232	0.25%	708	0.76%
Other: Total	104	0.12%	56	0.06%	352	0.38%
Other: Arab<ref group="note" name="auto"/>	–	–	26	0.03%	116	0.12%
Other: Any other ethnic group	–	–	30	–	236	0.25%

Total:	86,940	100.00%	93,295	100.00%	93,293	100.00%

Language

The first records on language use in the area indicate that in 1705, most of Moray except for the coast was described as "Wholly Irish & Highland Countreys" and "Ye Irish Parishes in which both languages are spoken."<ref name=Withers>Withers, C. Gaelic in Scotland 1698-1981 (1984) John Donald Publishers Template:ISBN</ref> By 1822, Scottish Gaelic had weakened in the area, with only the far south of Moray reporting that, at most, 10% of the population were speaking Gaelic better than English.<ref name=Withers/> Records towards the end of the 19th century improved and show that between 1881 and 1921 the percentage of Gaelic speakers in Moray fluctuated as shown in the following table:

Year	Gaelic speakers (%)
1881	2.63
1891	5.64
1901	4.48
1911	2.98
1921	2.08
1991<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>	0.56

Since then, it has been consistently below 1%. It was largely replaced by Doric and latterly Scottish English.Template:Citation needed

Notes

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References