List of political parties in the Netherlands

This article lists political parties in the Netherlands. The country has a multi-party system with numerous political parties, and any one party has little chance of gaining power alone; parties work with each other to form coalition governments.

The lower house of the legislature, the House of Representatives, is elected by a national party-list system of proportional representation. There is no threshold for getting a seat, so a party will win a seat with only two-thirds percent of the national vote, roughly one seat for every 67,000 votes.

The first national political party was the Anti-Revolutionary Party (ARP), founded in 1879.<ref name="ARP">Template:Cite web</ref>

No party has come close to winning a majority of seats since the introduction of proportional representation in 1918.<ref name=NS>Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) Elections in Europe: A data handbook, p1412 Template:ISBN</ref> All governments since then have been coalitions between two or more parties. However, there is a broad consensus on the basic principles of the political system, with all parties having to adjust their goals to some extent in order to have a realistic chance at being part of the government.

National political parties

Parties represented in the States General and/or European Parliament

Political party				Main ideology	Position	Leader	Affiliation			Seats			Template:Refh
							Eur.	EP group	Intl.	Senators	House reps.	MEPs
style="background:Template:Party color;" |	PvdA	File:PvdA Logo small.svg	Labour Party Template:Small	Social democracy	Centre-left	Frans Timmermans<ref name="ReferenceA">Lead candidate of the joint list GreenLeft and Labour Party at the 2023 general election.</ref>	PES	S&D	PA	Template:Composition bar	Template:Composition bar	Template:Composition bar	<ref name="Nordsieck5">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="Colomer2008" />
style="background:Template:Party color;" height="40px" |	GL	File:GroenLinks logo (1994–present).svg	GreenLeft Template:Small	Green politics	Centre-left	Frans Timmermans<ref name="ReferenceA"/>	EGP	Greens–EFA	GG			Template:Composition bar	<ref name="Colomer2008">Template:Cite book</ref>
style="background:Template:Party color;" |	PVV		Party for Freedom Template:Small	Right-wing populism	Right-wing to far-right	Geert Wilders	ID	PfE	—	Template:Composition bar	Template:Composition bar	Template:Composition bar	<ref name="Pauwels2">Template:Cite book</ref><ref name="Oudenampsen2">Merijn Oudenampsen (2013). "[[[:Template:Google books]] Explaining the Swing to the Right: The Dutch Debate on the Rise of Right-Wing Populism]". In Ruth Wodak, Majid KhosraviNik, Brigitte Mral. Right-Wing Populism in Europe: Politics and Discourse. A&C Black. p. 191.</ref><ref>Template:Cite journal</ref><ref name="europepolitique2">Template:Cite web</ref>
style="background:Template:Party color;" |	VVD	File:VVD logo (2020–present).svg	People's Party for Freedom and Democracy Template:Small	Conservative liberalism	Template:Nowrap	Dilan Yeşilgöz	ALDE	RE	LI	Template:Composition bar	Template:Composition bar	Template:Composition bar	<ref name="Andeweg, R p.492">Andeweg, R. and G. Irwin Politics and Governance in the Netherlands, Basingstoke (Palgrave) p.49</ref><ref name="Keman2008">Template:Citation</ref><ref name="LuskBirks2014">Template:Cite bookTemplate:Dead link</ref>
style="background-color:Template:Party color;" height="40px" |	BBB	File:BoerBurgerBeweging logo.svg	Farmer–Citizen Movement Template:Small	Agrarianism	Right-wing	Caroline van der Plas	—	EPP	—	Template:Composition bar	Template:Composition bar	Template:Composition bar	—
style="background-color:Template:Party color;" height="40px" |	NSC	File:NSC partijlogo.svg	New Social Contract Template:Small	Christian democracy	Template:Nowrap	Nicolien van Vroonhoven	—	EPP	—	Template:Composition bar	Template:Composition bar	Template:Composition bar	—
style="background:Template:Party color;" |	D66	File:D66 logo (2019–present).svg	Democrats 66 Template:Small	Social liberalism	Centre	Rob Jetten	ALDE	RE	LI	Template:Composition bar	Template:Composition bar	Template:Composition bar	<ref name="Keman2008" /><ref name="Andeweg, R p.492" />
style="background:Template:Party color;" |	CDA	File:CDA logo 2021.svg	Christian Democratic Appeal Template:Small	Christian democracy	Centre-right	Henri Bontenbal	EPP	EPP	CDI	Template:Composition bar	Template:Composition bar	Template:Composition bar	<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="Vasilyan2009">Template:Cite book</ref><ref name="Vollaard2015">Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
style="background:Template:Party color;" |	SP	File:Socialistische Partij (nl 2006) Logo.svg	Socialist Party Template:Small	Democratic socialism	Left-wing	Jimmy Dijk	—	—	—	Template:Composition bar	Template:Composition bar	Template:Composition bar	<ref name="Magone2013">Template:Cite book</ref><ref name="essa3">Template:Cite webTemplate:Dead link</ref><ref>Template:Cite journal</ref><ref>"Contemporary Far Left Parties in Europe", published November 2008, retrieved 18 November 2016: http://library.fes.de/pdf-files/id/ipa/05818.pdf</ref>
style="background:Template:Party color;" |	PvdD	File:Party for the Animals logo.svg	Party for the Animals Template:Small	Animal welfare	Left-wing	Esther Ouwehand	APEU	The Left	—	Template:Composition bar	Template:Composition bar	Template:Composition bar	<ref name="Parties and Elections in Europe">Template:Cite web</ref>
style="background:Template:Party color;" |	CU	File:ChristenUnie.svg	Christian Union Template:Small	Christian democracy	Centre	Mirjam Bikker	ECPM	—	—	Template:Composition bar	Template:Composition bar	Template:Composition bar	<ref name="Nordsieck5"/><ref name="Colomer2008" /><ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref name="Palgrave Macmillan">Template:Cite book</ref>
style="background-color:Template:Party color;" |	FvD	File:FvD.png	Forum for Democracy Template:Small	National conservatism	Far-right	Thierry Baudet	ESN	—	—	Template:Composition bar	Template:Composition bar	Template:Composition bar	<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="report Verwey-Jonker">Template:Cite report</ref>
style="background:Template:Party color;" |	SGP	File:SGP logo (2016–present).svg	Reformed Political Party Template:Small	Christian right	Right-wing	Chris Stoffer	ECPM	ECR	—	Template:Composition bar	Template:Composition bar	Template:Composition bar	<ref name="Nordsieck5"/><ref name="Colomer2008" /><ref name="EurActiv">Template:Cite web</ref>
style="background:Template:Party color;" |	JA21	File:JA21 logo.svg	Right Answer 2021 Template:Small	Conservative liberalism	Right-wing	Joost Eerdmans	ECR	ECR	—	Template:Composition bar	Template:Composition bar	Template:Composition bar	—
style="background-color:Template:Party color;" |	Volt	File:Logo of Volt.svg	Volt Netherlands Template:Small	European federalism	Centre	Laurens Dassen	Volt	Greens–EFA	—	Template:Composition bar	Template:Composition bar	Template:Composition bar	<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
style="background-color:Template:Party color;" height="40px" |	DENK	File:DENK logo (2020–present).svg	DENK	Minority interests	Centre-left	Stephan van Baarle	—	—	—	Template:Composition bar	Template:Composition bar	Template:Composition bar	<ref name="nyt">Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
style="background:Template:Party color;" height="40px" |	50+	File:50PLUS (nl) Logo.svg	50PLUS	Pensioners' interests	Centre	Gerard van Hooft	EDP	—	—	Template:Composition bar	Template:Composition bar	Template:Composition bar	<ref name="Nordsieck5"/><ref name="Keman2008" /><ref name="Andeweg, R p.492" /><ref name="Parties and Elections in Europe" />
	OPNL	File:Onafhankelijke Politiek Nederland logo.png	Independent Politics Netherlands Template:Small	Regionalism		Auke van der Goot	EFA	—	—	Template:Composition bar	Template:Composition bar	Template:Composition bar	—

Parties without representation in the States General and/or European Parliament

Party				Main ideology	Position	Leader	Affiliation		Template:Abbr
							European	International
	BIJ1	File:BIJ1 logo.svg	BIJ1	Anti-capitalism	Left-wing to far-left	Edson Olf	—	—	—
	CO	File:Code Oranje logo.svg	Code Orange Template:Small	Direct democracy	Syncretic	Bert Blase	—	—	—
	NVU		Dutch People's Union Template:Small	Ethnic nationalism	Far-right	Constant Kusters	—	—	—
	OPA		Elderly Politically Active Template:Small	Pensioners' interests	Single-issue politics	Vacant	—	—	—
	GOUD	File:GOUD logo.svg	GOUD	Pensioners' interests	Centre	Vacant	—	—	—
	HVV	File:Logo Lijst30.svg	Heart for Freedom Template:Small	Antivax	Syncretic	Vacant	—	—	—
style="background:Template:Party color;" |	LHK	File:Lijst Henk Krol logo.svg	Henk Krol List Template:Small	Progressive conservatism	Centre-right	Vacant	—	—	—
style="background:Template:Party color;" |	BVNL	File:BVNL logo (2023–present).svg	Interest of the Netherlands Template:Small	Classical liberalism	Right-wing	Wybren van Haga	—	—	—
	JL	File:Jezus Leeft logo.svg	Jesus Lives Template:Small	Evangelism	Right-wing	Florens van der Spek	—	—	—
	LEF	File:LEF.png	LEF - For the New Generation Template:Small	Youth politics	—	Daniël van Duijn	—	—	—
	LibDem	File:Liberaal Democratische Partij Logo.svg	Liberal Democratic Party Template:Small	Social liberalism	Centre	Sammy van Tuyll	—	—	—
	LP	File:Libertarischepartij.svg	Libertarian Party Template:Small	Right-libertarianism	Right-wing	Tom van Lamoen	EPIL	LI	<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
style="background:Template:Party color;"|	MDD	File:Meer Directe Democratie logo.svg	More Direct Democracy Template:Small	Direct democracy	Centre-right	Dorien Rookmaker	EAFD	—	—
	NCPN	File:Logo - Nieuwe Communistische Partij van Nederland (2022).svg	New Communist Party of the Netherlands Template:Small	Marxism–Leninism	Far-left	Rinze Visser	—	IMCWP	—
	NLB	File:Logo of the NLBeter.svg	NLBeter	Public sector interests	Centre	Esther van Fenema	—	—	—
	NLPlan	File:Netherlands with a PLAN logo.webp	Netherlands with a Plan Template:Small	Participatory democracy	Centre	Kok Kuen Chan	—	—	—
	PSP	File:Pacifistisch Socialistische Partij '92 logo.svg	Pacifist Socialist Party '92 Template:Small	Pacifist socialism	Left-wing	Vacant	—	—	—
	PvdR	File:Logo of Partij voor de Republiek.png	Party for the Republic Template:Small	Republicanism	Centre	Bruno Braakhuis	—	—	—
	PvdS	File:PartijvdSport logo.png	Party for Sports Template:Small	Health promotion	Centre	Annemarie van Duivenboden	—	—	—
	PDNM		Party The New Human Template:Small	Spiritual left	Centre-left	Niraï Melis & Raishrie Gajadin	—	—	<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
style="background:Template:Party color;" |	PPNL	File:Piratpartiet.svg	Pirate Party Template:Small	Pirate politics	Syncretic	Mark van Treuren<ref name="ReferenceB">Lead candidate of the joint list Pirate Party and The Greens at the 2023 general election.</ref>	PPEU	PPI	<ref name="ppnl/structure">Template:Cite web</ref>
style="background:Template:Party color;" |	PPvB	File:Logo Politieke Partij voor Basisinkomen.png	Political Party for Basic Income Template:Small	Universal basic income	Single-issue politics	Sepp Hannen	—	—	—
	TON	File:TROTS.svg	Proud of the Netherlands Template:Small	Conservative liberalism	Right-wing	Sander van den Raadt	—	—	—
	RSP	File:Revolutionair Socialistische Partij logo 2025 (red, without text).png	Revolutionary Socialist Party Template:Small	Socialism	Far-left	Gwildor Sok	—	—	—
	SPL		Splinter	Secularism	—	Femke Merel van Kooten	—	—	—
	DG	File:De Groenen logo.svg	The Greens Template:Small	Green politics	Centre-left	Mark van Treuren<ref name="ReferenceB"/>	—	—	—
	DFP	File:Partij van de Toekomst logo.svg	The Party Party Template:Small	Joke Party	Syncretic	Johan Vlemmix	—	—	—
	SvN		Together for the Netherlands Template:Small	Right-wing populism	Far-right	Michel Reijinga	—	—	—
	UCF		Ubuntu Connected Front	Ubuntuism	Centre-left	Regillio Vaarnold	—	—	—
	VCP	File:VCP logo.svg	United Communist Party Template:Small	Communism	Far-left	Engel Modderman	—	—	—
	VDR		vandeRegio	Regionalism	Centre	Sent Wierda	EFA	—	—

Regional and local political parties

European Netherlands

Regional parties

Political party				Active in	Seats in the prov. council	European affiliation
	FNP	File:FNP logo.png	Frisian National Party Template:Small	Template:Flag	Template:Composition bar	EFA
	GB	File:Groninger Belang logo 01.png	Groninger Interest Template:Small	Template:Flag	Template:Composition bar	—
	LB	File:Lokaal Brabant logo.png	Local Brabant Template:Small	Template:Flag	Template:Composition bar	—
	LL	File:Lokaal-Limburg logo.png	Local Limburg Template:Small	Template:Flag	Template:Composition bar	—
	PvhN		Party for the North Template:Small	Template:Flag Template:Flag Template:Flag	Groningen: Template:Composition bar	—
	PvZ	File:Partij voor Zeeland logo.png	Party for Zeeland Template:Small	Template:Flag	Template:Composition bar	—
	PBF	File:Provinciaal Belang Fryslân logo.png	Template:Ill Template:Small	Template:Flag	Template:Composition bar	—
	SLD	File:Sterk Lokaal Drenthe logo.jpg	Strong Local Drenthe Template:Small	Template:Flag	Template:Composition bar	—
	SLF	File:Sterk Lokaal Flevoland logo.jpg	Strong Local Flevoland Template:Small	Template:Flag	Template:Composition bar	—

Local parties

Party				Main ideology	Position
	Forza!	File:Forza! Nederland.svg	Forza! Netherlands Template:Small	Right-wing populism	Right-wing
	HvDH		Heart for The Hague Template:Small	Conservative liberalism	Right-wing
	LR	File:LeefbaarRotterdam.jpg	Livable Rotterdam Template:Small	Fortuynism	Right-wing
	VSP	File:Verenigde Senioren Partij.svg	United Seniors Party Template:Small	Pensioners' interests	Single-issue politics

Water board parties

Political party				Main ideology	Position
style="background:Template:Party color;" |	AWP	File:AWP logo 2022.png	General Water Board Party Template:Small	Apoliticism	Syncretic
style="background:Template:Party color;" height="40px" |	WN	File:Water natuurlijk logo.jpg	Water Natuurlijk	Green politics	Centre-left

Defunct political parties

File:Evolution of Dutch political parties since 1888.svg

History and evolution of all Dutch political parties to ever have had seats in the House of Representatives.

List of parties that have participated in elections for the House or European Parliament since 1918.

Party	Ideology	Start	End	Max vote share	Template:Refh
Actie Bouwman		1934	1940	0.57	<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
General Elderly Alliance Template:Lang		1993		3.63
General League of Roman Catholic Electoral Associations Template:Lang		1904	1926	30.03
Article 50 Template:Lang		2012	2015	0.51
General Dutch Fascist League Template:Lang	Fascism	1932	1934
Anti-Revolutionary Party Template:Lang		1879	1980		<ref name="ARP"/>
Workers Party of the Netherlands Template:Lang
Farmers' Party Template:Lang		1958	1981	4.77
League of Christian Socialists Template:Lang
League of Free Liberals Template:Lang		1906	1921
Centre Democrats Template:Lang		1984	2002	2.46
Centre Party Template:Lang		1980	1986	0.83
Centre Party '86 Template:Lang		1986	1998	0.4Template:0
Christian Democratic Party Template:Lang
Christian Democratic Union Template:Lang		1926	1946	2.09
Christian Historical Union Template:Lang		1908	1980
Christian Social Party Template:Lang		1907	1926
Christian Historical Voters' League Template:Lang		1897	1903
Christian Historical Party Template:Lang		1903	1908
Communist Party of the Netherlands Template:Lang		1901	1991	10.56
Democratic Party Template:Lang		1921	1932
Democratic Socialists '70 Template:Lang		1970	1983	5.33
Economic League Template:Lang		1917	1921	3.11
Entrepreneurs' Party Template:Lang		2015	2019	0.12
Europe Transparent
Evangelical People's Party Template:Lang		1981	1991	0.69
Fatherland League
Free and Social Netherlands
Frisian League Template:Lang		1898	1908
Reformed Political League Template:Lang		1948	2003	1.77
Template:Lang		1921	1946	1.06
Independent Socialist Party
Islam Democrats Template:Lang		2005		0.0	<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Catholic National Party				2.71
Catholic People's Party		1945	1980	31.88
Communist Workers Organisation (Marxist–Leninist)
Communist Unity Movement of the Netherlands (Marxist–Leninist) Template:Lang	Communism	1964	1985	0.03
Independent Citizens' Party
Livable Netherlands Template:Lang		1999	2007	1.61
Liberal State Party Template:Lang		1921	1946	9.26
Liberal Party Template:Lang		1922	1925
Liberal Union		1885	1921
Pim Fortuyn List Template:Lang		2002	2008	17.00
Ratelband List
Middle Party for City and Country
Middle Class Party
National Socialist Dutch Workers Party Template:Lang	National socialism	1931	1941	0.02
National Socialist Movement Template:Lang	Fascism	1931	1945	4.22
Dutch Block
New Middle Party
Neutral Party
New National Party Template:Lang		1998	2005
New Right Template:Lang		2003	2007
NIDA
New Ways Template:Lang				0.14
Pacifist Socialist Party		1957	1991	3.03
Party of the Future			2021
Party for Neighbourly Love, Freedom and Diversity			2022
Freedom Party Template:Lang		1946	1948	6.41
Party for Justice, Action and Progress
Peasants' League
Political Party of Radicals Template:Lang		1968	1990	4.80
Progressive Integration Party
Radical League
Reformatory Political Federation		1975	2003
Roman Catholic Party of the Netherlands				0.92
Roman Catholic State Party		1926	1945	29.64
Social Democratic Workers' Party		1894	1946	23.81
Social Democratic League
Socialist Party
Union 55+
Alliance to Democratise the Forces				0.51
League of Communists in the Netherlands
Alliance for National Reconstruction Template:Lang		1933	1941	0.8Template:0
VoorNederland		2014	2017	0.36
Free-minded Party
Free-thinking Democratic League Template:Lang		1901	1946	9.06
Free Anti Revolutionary Party Template:Lang		1898	1903
Union of Actualists Template:Lang	Actualism	1923	1928		<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

See also

• Politics of the Netherlands
• List of ruling political parties by country
• Liberalism in the Netherlands
• Socialism in the Netherlands
• Christian democracy in the Netherlands
• Republicanism in the Netherlands
• Fascism in the Netherlands
• List of political parties in Aruba
• List of political parties in Curaçao
• List of political parties in Saba
• List of political parties in Sint Eustatius
• List of political parties in Sint Maarten

External links

• Documentation Centre for Dutch Political Parties (DNPP) at University of Groningen