List of minerals
Template:Short description This is a list of minerals which have Wikipedia articles.
Minerals are distinguished by various chemical and physical properties. Differences in chemical composition and crystal structure distinguish the various species. Within a mineral species there may be variation in physical properties or minor amounts of impurities that are recognized by mineralogists or wider society as a mineral variety.
Mineral variety names are listed after the valid minerals for each letter.
For a more complete listing of all mineral names, see List of minerals recognized by the International Mineralogical Association.
A
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- Varieties that are not valid species:
- Adamantine spar (variety of corundum)
- Agate (variety of chalcedony and quartz)
- Alabaster (variety of gypsum)
- Alexandrite (variety of chrysoberyl)
- Allingite (synonym of amber)
- Alum
- Amazonite (variety of microcline)
- Amethyst (purple variety of quartz)
- Ametrine (variety of quartz)
- Ammolite (organic; also a gemstone)
- Amosite (asbestiform grunerite)
- Antozonite (variety of fluorite)
- Anyolite (metamorphic rock - zoisite, ruby, and hornblende)
- Aquamarine (light blue variety of beryl)
- Argentite (high temperature form of acanthite)
- Asbestos (fibrous serpentine- or amphibole minerals)
- Auerlite (variety of thorite)
- Avalite (chromian variety of illite)
- Aventurine (variety of quartz)
B
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- Varieties that are not valid species:
- Barbertonite (polytype of stichtite)
- Bauxite (aluminium ore)
- Beckerite (natural resin)
- Bentonite (mixture of montmorillonite and other clays)
- Bixbite (red gem variety of beryl)
- Bowenite (variety of antigorite)
- Brammallite (variety of illite)
- Brokenhillite (not approved by IMA)
- Buergerite (renamed to fluor-buergerite)
- Bursaite (not approved by IMA)
- Bytownite (variety of anorthite)
C
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- Varieties that are not valid species:
- Campylite (variety of mimetite)
- Carbonado (variety of diamond)
- Carnelian (variety of quartz)
- Cementite (synthetic cohenite)
- Ceylonite (variety of spinel)
- Chalcedony (cryptocrystalline variety of quartz and moganite)
- Chiastolite (variety of andalusite)
- Chlorastrolite (variety of pumpellyite-(Mg))
- Chrysoprase (green nickel bearing chalcedony)
- Chrysotile (group name - asbestiform serpentine)
- Citrine (yellow variety of quartz)
- Cleveite (variety of uraninite)
- Clinochrysotile (polytype of chrysotile)
- Coltan (short for minerals of the columbite group)
- Crocidolite (asbestiform riebeckite)
- Cymophane (variety of chrysoberyl)
D
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- Varieties that are not valid species:
E
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- Varieties that are not valid species:
- Elsmoreite (pure hydrokenoelsmoreite)
- Emerald (green gem variety of beryl)
F
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- Varieties that are not valid species:
- Fassaite (variety of augite)
- Ferrocolumbite (synonym of columbite-(Fe))
- Ferrotantalite (synonym of tantalite-(Fe))
- Fluorspar (synonym of fluorite)
- Francolite (variety of fluorapatite)
G
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- Varieties that are not valid species:
- Garnierite (a nickel ore)
- Goshenite (colorless variety of beryl)
H
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- Varieties that are not valid species:
- Hatchettite (a paraffin wax)
- Heliodor (greenish-yellow variety of beryl)
- Heliotrope (variety of chalcedony)
- Hessonite (variety of grossular)
- Hiddenite (variety of spodumene)
- Hyalite (variety of opal)
- Hyalophane (synonym of jaloallofane)
- Hypersthene (synonym of enstatite or ferrosilite, or mid-way member of the enstatite–ferrosilite series) (not approved by IMA)
I
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- Varieties that are not valid species:
J
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- Varieties that are not valid species:
- Jade (tough, green mineral either jadeite or nephrite amphibole)
- Jasper (variety of quartz)
- Jeffersonite (variety of augite)
K
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- Varieties that are not valid species:
- Keilhauite (variety of titanite)
- Kerolite (variety of talc)
- Krantzite (natural resin)
- Kunzite (variety of spodumene)
L
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- Varieties that are not valid species:
- Larimar (blue variety of pectolite)
- Lodestone (a synonym of magnetite)
- Lublinite (variety of calcite)
M
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- Varieties that are not valid species:
- Magnesia
- Magnesiocummingtonite (magnesium-rich variety of cummingtonite)
- Malacolite (synonym of diopside)
- Manganocolumbite (synonym of columbite-(Mn))
- Manganotantalite (synonym of tantalite-(Mn))
- Mariposite (variety of phengite/muscovite)
- Meerschaum (variety of sepiolite)
- Melanite (variety of andradite)
- Menilite (variety of opal)
- Milky quartz (a cloudy white quartz)
- Morganite (a pink beryl)
N
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- Varieties that are not valid species:
- Nephrite (variety of tremolite/actinolite)
- Niobite (synonym of columbite)
- Niobite-tantalite (synonym of columbite-tantalite)
O
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- Varieties that are not valid species:
- Oligoclase (a mixture of albite and anorthite)
- Onyx (a monochromatic banded variety of chalcedony)
- Orthochrysotile (a polytype of chrysotile)
P
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- Varieties that are not valid species:
- Parachrysotile (a polytype of chrysotile)
- Pelagosite (variety of aragonite)
- Pericline (variety of albite)
- Peridot (gem-quality olivine)
- Perlite (volcanic glass)
- Phengite (variety of muscovite)
- Pimelite
- Pitchblende (a massive impure form of uraninite)
- Plessite (mixture of kamacite and taenite)
- Potassium alum or potash alum (as a mineral, is called alum-(K))
Q
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R
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- Varieties that are not valid species:
- Rashleighite (variety of turquoise)
- Rhodolite (variety of pyrope)
- Rock crystal (quartz)
- Rose quartz (pink variety of quartz)
- Ruby (red gem corundum)
S
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- Varieties that are not valid species:
- Sapphire (gem corundum of any color except red, especially blue varieties)
- Sard (a variety of chalcedony/quartz)
- Satinspar (a variety of gypsum)
- Selenite (a variety of gypsum)
- Simetite (a variety of amber)
- Smoky quartz (a brown or black variety of quartz)
- Soda niter (synonym of nitratine)
- Spectrolite (a variety of labradorite)
- Spessartite (synonym of spessartine)
- Sphene (synonym of titanite)
- Stantienite (a variety of amber)
- Sunstone (a variety of either oligoclase or orthoclase)
T
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- Varieties that are not valid species:
- Tanzanite (variety of zoisite)
- Thulite (variety of zoisite)
- Thuringite (variety of chamosite)
- Tsavorite (gem variety of grossularite garnet)
- Tiger's eye (chatoyant variety of quartz)
U
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V
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W
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X
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Y
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- Varieties that are not valid species:
- Yttrocerite (variety of fluorite)
- Yttrocolumbite (variety of columbite)
Z
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- Varieties that are not valid species:
- Zajacite-(Ce) (name changed to gagarinite-(Ce))
- Zhonghuacerite-(Ce) (considered to be kukharenkoite-(Ce) or huanghoite-(Ce))
- Zinalsite (synonym of fraipontite)
See also
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- List of minerals named after people
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- Timeline of the discovery and classification of minerals