Laurel, Mississippi

Laurel is a city in and the second county seat of Jones County, Mississippi, United States. As of the 2020 census, the city had a population of 17,161.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Laurel is northeast of Ellisville, the first county seat, which contains the first county courthouse. It has the second county courthouse, as Jones County has two judicial districts. Laurel is the headquarters of the Jones County Sheriff's Department, which administers in the county. Laurel is the principal city of a micropolitan statistical area named for it. Major employers include Howard Industries, Sanderson Farms, Masonite International, Family Health Center, Howse Implement, Thermo-Kool, and South Central Regional Medical Center. Laurel is home to the Lauren Rogers Museum of Art, Mississippi's oldest art museum, established by the family of Lauren Eastman Rogers.

History

File:Oak Street, Laurel, Mississippi (circa 1900).jpg

Oak Street, circa 1900

Following the 1881 construction of the New Orleans and Northeastern Railroad through the area,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> economic development occurred rapidly. The city of Laurel was incorporated in 1882, with timber as the impetus.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Yellow pine forests in the region fueled the industry. The city was named for thickets of mountain laurel (Kalmia latifolia) native to the original town site.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

Located in the heart of the piney woods ecoregion of the southeastern United States, the land site that eventually became Laurel was densely covered with forests of virgin longleaf pine, making the area attractive to pioneering lumberjacks and sawmill operators in the late 19th century.

In 1881, business partners John Kamper and A.M. Lewin constructed a small lumber mill on the New Orleans and Northeastern Railroad. Kamper and Lewin's mill was in an area that later became Laurel's First Avenue. The next year, in response to a Post Office Department request to provide a postal delivery name for their mill and its surrounding lumber camp, Kamper and Lewin submitted the name "Lawrell" as an homage to the area's naturally growing mountain laurel bushes. Federal postal officials soon "corrected" the peculiar spelling, giving the town its current spelling.

During its first decade or so, Laurel was little more than a glorified lumber camp surrounding Kamper and Lewin's primitive sawmill. By 1891, Kamper's company was on the verge of bankruptcy, leading Kamper to sell the mill and extensive land holdings in the area (more than 15,000 acres), to Clinton, Iowa, lumber barons Lauren Chase Eastman and George and Silas Gardiner, founders of the Eastman-Gardiner Company.

After their purchase, Eastman and the Gardiner brothers decided to make substantial improvements to Laurel's lumber operations by constructing a new, much larger, state-of-the-art lumber mill. In 1893, the new Eastman-Gardiner Company mill began operations, using the best technology and labor-saving devices of the day.

By the early 1900s, the success of Eastman-Gardner Company's operations in Laurel and the region's superabundance of timber began to attract other lumber industrialists' attention. In 1906, the Gilchrist-Fordney Company, whose founders hailed from Alpena, Michigan, began construction on their own lumber mill in Laurel. By March 1907 the Mobile, Jackson and Kansas City Railroad made four stops a day in Laurel which was 110 track miles from Mobile, Alabama. The trains not only carried passengers but hauled freight that included lumber from nine sawmills. Together they produced around 583,000 board feet (bf) a day. WM Carter Lumber Company (milepost 108) 20,000 bf, Eastman-Gardner & Company 200,000 bf, Kingston Lumber Company 200,000 bf, Geo Beckner (shingles) 20,000 bf, John Lindsey 15,000 bf, HC Card Lumber Company (hard wood) 30,000 bf, Lindsey Wagon works mill 15,000 bf, WM Carter (planer) 75,000 bf, and Stainton and Weems 8,000 bf.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

The Wausau-Southern mill from Wausau, Wisconsin, followed in 1911, and the Marathon mill from Memphis, Tennessee, in 1914. By the end of World War I, Laurel's mills produced and shipped more yellow pine lumber than those of any other location in the world. By the 1920s—the peak of Laurel's lumber production—the area's four mills were producing a total of Template:Convert of lumber per day. Laid end to end, that amount of lumber would stretch 189 miles.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

The economic prosperity of Laurel's timber era (1893–1937) and "timber families" created the famed Laurel Central Historic District as a byproduct.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The area is considered Mississippi's largest, finest, and most intact collection of early-20th-century architecture and has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since September 4, 1987,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> for both its historical value and its wide variety of architectural styles. Many of the district's homes and buildings are featured on the HGTV series Home Town. In addition to influencing a diverse architectural district, Laurel's "timber families" influenced the building of the town's broad avenues, the design of numerous public parks, and the development of strong public schools.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

The city's population grew markedly during the early 20th century because rural people were attracted to manufacturing jobs and the economic takeoff of Masonite International. Mechanization of agriculture reduced the number of farming jobs. In 1942, Howard Wash, a 45-year-old African-American man who had been convicted of murder, was dragged from jail and lynched by a mob.<ref name="lynching in 1942">Template:Cite news</ref> The city reached its peak census population in 1960, and has declined about one third since then.

Geography

Laurel is in north-central Jones County, Template:Convert northeast of Ellisville, the first county seat. Interstate 59 and U.S. Route 11 pass through Laurel, both highways leading southwest Template:Convert to Hattiesburg and northeast Template:Convert to Meridian. U.S. Route 84 passes through the south side of the city, leading east Template:Convert to Waynesboro and west Template:Convert to Collins. Mississippi Highway 15 passes through the south and west sides of the city, leading northwest Template:Convert to Bay Springs and southeast Template:Convert to Richton.

According to the United States Census Bureau, Laurel has an area of Template:Convert, of which Template:Convert is land and Template:Convert, or 1.81%, is water. The city lies on a low ridge between Tallahala Creek to the east and Tallahoma Creek to the west. Tallahoma Creek joins Tallahala Creek south of Laurel, and Tallahala Creek continues south to join the Leaf River, part of the Pascagoula River watershed.

Climate

The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Laurel has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The area is also prone to tornadoes. On December 28, 1954, an F3 tornado tore directly through the city, injuring 25 people.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Demographics

Laurel racial composition as of 2020<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Race	Num.	Perc.
White (non-Hispanic)	4,465	26.02%
Black or African American (non-Hispanic)	10,642	62.01%
Native American	35	0.2%
Asian	109	0.64%
Pacific Islander	2	0.01%
Other/Mixed	453	2.64%
Hispanic or Latino	1,455	8.48%

As of the 2020 United States census, there were 17,161 people, 6,825 households, and 4,278 families residing in the city.

Government

File:Laurel, Mississippi.jpg

Laurel, Mississippi welcome sign

City government has a mayor-council form. The mayor is elected at-large. Council members are elected from single-member districts.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

City officials

• Johnny Magee, mayor<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Jason Capers, Ward 1 council member
• Kevin Kelly, Ward 2 council member
• Tony Thaxton, Ward 3 council member
• George Carmichael, Ward 4 council member
• Andrea Ellis, Ward 5 council member
• Grace Amos, Ward 6 council member
• Shirley Keys-Jordan, Ward 7 council member

The U.S. Postal Service operates the Laurel Post Office and the Choctaw Post Office, both in Laurel.<ref>"Post Office Location – LAUREL Template:Webarchive." United States Postal Service. Retrieved on November 1, 2010.</ref><ref>"Post Office Location – CHOCTAW Template:Webarchive." United States Postal Service. Retrieved on November 1, 2010.</ref>

The Mississippi Department of Mental Health South Mississippi State Hospital Crisis Intervention Center is in Laurel.<ref>"Contact Us Template:Webarchive." South Mississippi State Hospital. Retrieved on November 1, 2010. "SMSH Crisis Intervention Center 934 West Drive Laurel, MS 39440."</ref>

Education

Almost all of Laurel is in the Laurel School District. Small portions are in the Jones County School District.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

• The portion in the Laurel School District is served by Laurel High School.

Private schools:

• Laurel Christian School
• Laurel Christian High School
• St. John's Day School (affiliated with the Episcopal Church)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Jones County is within the district served by the Jones College community college.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Media

• WDAM-TV
• WHLT-TV
• WLAU (99.3 FM, SuperTalk Mississippi)
• The Laurel Leader-Call newspaper
• The Chronicle<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• WXRR (104.5 FM, "Rock104")
• WBBN (95.9 FM, "B-95")
• Impact Laurel<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Infrastructure

File:LaurelMississippiTrainStation.jpg

Laurel Train station

Amtrak's Crescent train connects Laurel with New York City; Philadelphia; Baltimore; Washington, D.C.; Charlotte, North Carolina; Atlanta; Birmingham, Alabama; and New Orleans. Laurel's Amtrak station is at 230 North Maple Street.

Hattiesburg–Laurel Regional Airport is in an unincorporated area in Jones County near Moselle,<ref name="Moselle">"Contact." Hattiesburg-Laurel Regional Airport. Retrieved on July 15, 2011. "Our Address Airport Director, 1002 Terminal Dr. Moselle, MS 39459"</ref> Template:Convert southwest of Laurel.

Major highways

• File:I-59.svg Interstate 59
• File:US 84.svg U.S. Route 84
• File:US 11.svg U.S. Route 11
• File:Circle sign 15.svg Mississippi Highway 15

In popular culture

Laurel residents Erin and Ben Napier are featured in the HGTV series Home Town, which premiered on March 21, 2017.<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> The show portrays renovations of local homes in and near Laurel.

In Tennessee Williams' play A Streetcar Named Desire, fictional Laurel native Blanche DuBois is known here as a "woman of loose morals" who, after the loss of her family estate "Belle Reve", frequents the Hotel Flamingo as told to Stanley by the merchant Kiefaber. In an argument, Blanche tells Harold Mitchell she's brought many victims into her web, and calls the hotel the Tarantula Arms rather than the Hotel Flamingo.

Singer-songwriter Steve Forbert had a hit with the song "Goin' Down to Laurel" (released on his 1978 album Alive on Arrival) which refers to visiting the town of Laurel.

See also

• Laurel Black Cats, semi-professional baseball team

Further reading

• Victoria E. Bynum, The Free State of Jones: Mississippi's Longest Civil War (Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 2001, 2016)
• Alex Heard, The Eyes of Willie McGee: A Tragedy of Race, Sex and Secrets in the Jim Crow South (New York: Harper, 2011)
• Nollie W. Hickman, Mississippi Harvest: Lumbering in the Longleaf Pine Belt, 1840–1915 (Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, new edition, 2009)
• Gilbert H. Hoffman and Tony Howe, Yellow Pine Capital: The Laurel, Mississippi Story (Toot Toot Publishing Company, 2010)
• Charles Marsh, The Last Days: A Son's Story of Sin and Segregation at the Dawn of a New South (New York: Basic Books, 2000)
• Cleveland Payne, The Oak Park Story: A Cultural History, 1928–1970 (National Oak Park High School Alumni Association, 1988)
• Cleveland Payne, Laurel: A History of the Black Community, 1882–1962 (Cleveland Payne, 1990)

External links

• City of Laurel official website
• Scrapbook re: Laurel, Mississippi (MUM00404), owned by the University of Mississippi.