Jules Léotard
Template:Short description Template:Use dmy dates Template:More citations needed Template:Infobox person Jules Léotard (Template:IPA; 1 August 1838Template:Spaced ndash16 August 1870) was a French acrobatic performer and aerialist who developed the art of trapeze. He also created and popularized the one-piece gym wear that now bears his name and inspired the 1867 song "The Daring Young Man on the Flying Trapeze", sung by George Leybourne.
Biography
[edit]Léotard was born in Toulouse, France, the son of a gymnastics instructor who ran a swimming pool in Toulouse. Léotard would practice his routines over the pool.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> He went on to study law.
After he passed his law exams, he seemed destined to join the legal profession,<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> but at age 18 he began to experiment with trapeze bars, ropes, and rings suspended over a swimming pool. He later joined the Cirque Napoléon.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
On 12 November 1859, the first flying trapeze routine was performed by Jules Léotard on three trapeze bars at the Cirque Napoleon.<ref name="Ward2017">Template:Cite book</ref>
The costume he invented was a one-piece knitted garment streamlined to suit the safety and agility concerns of trapeze performance. It also showed off his physique,<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> impressed spectators, and took on his name.
At age twenty-four in July 1862, Léotard married a Tuscan actress named Silvia Bernini, whom he had met earlier in January. They bought an estate in France and met each other's families. Yet by June 1864, Léotard, who was on a trip in Paris, informed Bernini via telegraph that he was seeking a divorce.<ref>"LEOTARD'S DIVORCE CASE." Reynolds's Newspaper, March 5, 1865. British Library Newspapers (accessed December 2, 2023). https://link-gale-com.ezp1.lib.umn.edu/apps/doc/Y3200540808/BNCN?u=umn_wilson&sid=bookmark-BNCN&xid=d4591a22.</ref> Bernini traveled to Paris to speak with her husband, but they only argued more. Bernini then went to a hotel, disguised herself as a servant, and "cut off her hair, sent it to her husband in a parcel, and attempted to commit suicide by throwing herself into the Seine."<ref>"LEOTARD'S DIVORCE CASE." Reynolds's Newspaper, March 5, 1865. British Library Newspapers (accessed December 2, 2023). https://link-gale-com.ezp1.lib.umn.edu/apps/doc/Y3200540808/BNCN?u=umn_wilson&sid=bookmark-BNCN&xid=d4591a22.</ref> She survived. The two ultimately divorced.
In 1861, he performed in London at the Alhambra music hall. His approach did not stress the risk he took, but emphasized the "ease and grace" of his trapeze work, inspiring not fear but wonder.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
Léotard inspired the 1867 song The Daring Young Man on the Flying Trapeze, made popular by George Leybourne.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
He was also one of the cycling pioneers in France right before his death at age 32.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
According to notes from the Victoria and Albert Museum, Jules Léotard died in 1870 from an infectious disease (possibly smallpox).<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>