John Crome

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John Crome (22 December 1768Template:Snd22 April 1821), once known as Old Crome to distinguish him from his artist son John Berney Crome, was an English landscape painter of the Romantic era, one of the principal artists and founding members of the Norwich School of painters. He lived in the English city of Norwich for all his life. Most of his works are of Norfolk landscapes.

Crome's work is in the collections of public art galleries, including the Tate Gallery and the Royal Academy in London, and the Castle Museum in Norwich. He produced etchings and taught art.

Biography

John Crome was born on 22 December 1768 in Norwich,Template:Sfn and baptised on 25 December at St George's Church, Tombland, Norwich.Template:Sfn He was the son of John Crome, a weaver (who is also described as either an innkeeper or a lodger at a Norwich inn),Template:Sfn and his wife Elizabeth.Template:Sfn After a period working as an errand boy for a doctor (from the age of 12), he was apprenticed to Francis Whisler, a house, coach and sign painter.Template:Sfn Template:Refn At about this time he formed a friendship with Robert Ladbrooke, then an apprentice printer. They shared a room and went on sketching trips in the fields and lanes around Norwich.Template:Sfn They occasionally bought prints to copy.

Crome and Ladbrooke sold some of their work to a local printseller, Smith and Jaggars,Template:Sfn and it was probably through the print-seller that Crome met Thomas Harvey of Old Catton, who helped him set to up as a drawing teacher.Template:Sfn Crome had access to Harvey's art collection, which allowed him to develop his skills by copying the works of Thomas Gainsborough and Meindert Hobbema. Crome received further instruction and encouragement from the artist John Opie, and the English portraitist William Beechey, whose house in London he frequently visited.Template:Sfn

In October 1792 Crome married Phoebe Berney.Template:Sfn They produced two daughters and six sons, two of whom, John Berney Crome and William Henry Crome became landscape painters.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

In 1803 Crome and Ladbrooke formed the Norwich Society of Artists, a group that also included Robert Dixon, Charles Hodgson, Daniel Coppin, James Stark and George Vincent. Their first exhibition was in 1805; it marked the start of the Norwich School of painters, the first art movement created outside London.Template:Sfn Crome contributed 22 works to its first exhibition, held in 1805. He served as President of the Society several times and held the position at the time of his death.Template:Sfn With the exception of the times when he made short visits to London, he had little or no communication with the great artists of his own time.Template:Sfn He exhibited 13 works at the Royal Academy between 1806 and 1818. He visited Paris in 1814, following the defeat of Napoleon, and later exhibited views of Paris, Boulogne, and Ostend. Most of his subjects were of scenes in Norfolk.Template:Sfn

Crome was drawing master at Norwich School for many years. Several members of the Norwich School art movement were educated at the school and were taught by him,<ref>Cundall 1920, pp. 1, 17, 25, 26, 27, 31</ref> including Stark and Edward Thomas Daniell.Template:Sfn He also taught privately, his pupils including members of the influential Gurney family, whom he stayed with whilst in the Lake District in 1802.Template:Sfn

Template:Multiple image He died at his house in Gildengate, Norwich, on 22 April 1821, and was buried in St. George's Church. On his death-bed he is said to have gasped, "Oh Hobbema, my dear Hobbema, how I have loved you".Template:Sfn A memorial exhibition of more than 100 of his works was held in November that year by the Norwich Society of Artists.Template:Sfn

Crome's Broad and nearby Crome's Farm in The Broads National Park are named after him. The area surrounding Heartsease is covered by the Crome ward and division on Norwich City Council and Norfolk County Council respectively.

An incident in Crome's life was the subject of the one-act opera Twice in a Blue Moon by Phyllis Tate, to a libretto by Christopher Hassall: it was first performed in 1969. In the story Crome and his wife split one of his paintings in two to sell each half at the Norwich Fair.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Works

File:CromeSheds.jpg

Sheds and Old Houses on the Yare, c. 1803, Clark Art Institute, Williamstown

Crome, who is sometimes referred to as "Old Crome",Template:Sfn worked in both watercolour and oil, producing more than 300 oil paintings during his career.Template:Citation needed

Between 1809 and 1813 he made a series of etchings. They were not published in his lifetime, although he issued a prospectus announcing his intention to do so.Template:Sfn

His two main influences are considered to be Dutch 17th-century painting and the work of the Welsh landscape painter Richard Wilson. Along with the artist John Constable, Crome was one of the earliest English painters to represent identifiable species of trees, rather than generalised forms.Template:Sfn His works, renowned for their originality and vision, were inspired by direct observation of the natural world combined with a comprehensive study of old masters.Template:Citation needed

The art historian Andrew Hemingway has identified a theme of leisure in Crome's work, citing particularly his works depicting the beach at Great Yarmouth, and the River Wensum in his native Norwich.Template:Sfn An example of the latter is the oil painting Boys Bathing on the River Wensum, Norwich, which was painted in 1817.<ref name=yale>Template:Cite web</ref> It depicts a scene at New Mills, the location of several of Crome's works.Template:Sfn